Canadian Wood Council G063

Smarter Skins and Systems for

Sustainable High-Performance Buildings

Bob Marshall, P. Eng., LEED A.P., BD+C – Building Science Manager, CertainTeed SAINT-GOBAIN October 27, 2015

Credit(s) earned on completion of

this course will be reported to AIA

CES for AIA members.

Certificates of Completion for both

AIA members and non-AIA

members are available upon

request.

This course is registered with AIA

CES for continuing professional

education. As such, it does not

include content that may be

deemed or construed to be an

approval or endorsement by the

AIA of any material of construction

or any method or manner of

handling, using, distributing, or

dealing in any material or product. _______________________________________

Questions related to specific materials, methods,

and services will be addressed at the conclusion

of this presentation.

Gain unparalleled applied building science insights on energy efficiency, moisture management, acoustics and indoor environmental air quality for wood buildings. Integrating these systems together will result in world class award winning sustainable buildings that exceed expectations and are more affordable, energy efficient & healthier.

Course

Description

Learning

Objectives

Key learning points: • Energy Efficiency Principles and Definitions • Moisture management of wood-frame buildings • Acoustic practices for wood-frame buildings • Enhanced Indoor Environmental Air Quality in

wood-frame buildings • The smarter approaches in residential buildings

(through practical examples)

At the end of the this course, participants will be able to:

Bob Marshall, P. Eng., BDS, LEED® AP

SMARTER SKINS (ENVELOPE/FACADE) AND SYSTEMS FOR HIGHER PERFORMANCE

SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS – WOOD SOLUTIONS FAIR; VANCOUVER, BC

October 27, 2015

Towards +2030 Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) to gain competitive advantages

Understand Energy Efficiency trends & Energy Use Intensities (EUI) in Codes

and large residential projects (200 →100 → O kwhr./m2/yr.) to reduce costs and emissions

Application of moisture management practices to prevent leaks and mould

Practices for reducing flanking acoustics to improve Well Being

Indoor Environmental Air Quality strategies to enhance Health

Thanks to

ISO/CSC (Standards Council of Council)

Appointed ISO Expert; NRC Energy Targets TG and SCEEB

(NECB)

PRE DESIGN PHASE -Air Barrier System (ABS) for Energy Efficiency

-Water Resistant Barriers (WRB) for Moisture Management - Acoustic Measures, and

- Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ)

Design Construction

Robert Marshall, P. Eng., - Building Science Expert

• NECB, ASHRAE, OBC, BCBC, Toronto and Vancouver & Client Energy Targets towards zero

• National Energy Code for Buildings (NECB 2011) Improvement of ~25% from MNECB 1997

• NECB 2015 proposed mandatory Energy Use Intensities (EUIs in kwh/m²/yr.)

– i.e. in Climate Zone 5

Large MURBs-170 kwh/m²/yr.

Large Offices - 160 kwh/m²/yr.

• BC & Vancouver Challenge

• OAA 2030 Challenge

– 70% by 2015

– 80% by 2020

– 90% by 2025

– And 100% by 2030

What are potential Predesign Building Skin

Solutions to comply with energy efficient

high performance building skins?

EUI Targets Essential (Manage what is Measured)

- Need Air Barrier System (ABS), Water Resistant Barrier (WRB) Systems, Acoustics & IEQ solutions in

CODES, Standards and Local Ordinances to deliver benefits to the public and lower costs/emissions -LEED v.4 fueling design and construction of energy efficient green buildings. -New LEED v.4 has prerequisite for building enclosure (envelope) review. smart

Coming to the City of Toronto (and likely Ontario) 2016

National Building Code of Canada (NBC) and National Energy

Code for Buildings (NECB) are Models- Large Municipalities

are taking the lead

City of Vancouver By-Law to collect Energy Data

Vancouver’s 2014 Building By-Law goes into effect

July 1 and includes a requirement to report the

anticipated energy performance of all new buildings

at the design stage.

• Attractive façades & features

• Facilitate urban densification

• Varied features due to wood frame

flexibility

• Natural thermal advantages

• Building Science moisture control &

mould resistance important

• Affordability (~10 to 20% more cost

effective)

6 Storey Fire Protected Wood Mid-Rise Buildings

Holistic Strategy for Building Smarter Skins at Predesign Stage including Building Envelope Commissioning (BECx)

1/ High performance insulation/assemblies/air barrier/water resistant systems

2/ Indoor environmental quality

3/ Minimize thermal bridges & Clean E-Power

Credit: NRC Credit: IRAP

Many innovative products from international sources; Take advantage of $$ incentives especially for

renewable energy

-NEED MORE NORTH AMERICAN COLABORATIONS

It pays to design and construct buildings for

lower EUIs

Holistic IDP $$ up to $50k

EP improvements up to $50k (+25% in EE)

Commissioning up to $5k

Savings by Design may be available from utilities

Air Barrier System (ABS) tightness of key Importance ~100x more moisture from air leakage

vs. vapour diffusion Credit: NRC/TARION 1993 Air Barrier Systems & BCC Ruling

Smarter Skins-Code Solutions Summary

Exterior Sealed Sheathing System

Air Barrier System (ABS)+Water Resistant Barrier (WRB)

system combo for energy efficiency and moisture protection

Note: (.40 cfm/ft2) = .2 L/s.m2 @ 75Pa for ABS in Canadian

Codes

Proprietary components (Tapes, fasteners & sealants) for Part 3

buildings

More walls (60%) less windows (40%) for

energy efficiency and health

- Best Air Tightness

according to ASHRAE 1478 RP and field

testing

- Sheet Applied Wraps may not work on

mid & high rise buildings

- Need to apply other Code solutions

Specific products are not endorsed. The following are

application examples only for illustrative purposes.

Liquid Applied Air Barrier

System (.21 cfm/ft2)-Better - Above freezing temperatures

required

- Drained EIFS

Deficiency?

Sealed Sheathing Air Barrier System

(.19 cfm/ft2)-Best - 2 stage application (Primer and then

Adhered Membrane)

- Difficult to install at below freezing

temperatures

Sealed Sheathing Air

Barrier System - Polyamide intermittent

spacers to reduce thermal

bridging

Sealed Sheathing Air Barrier System (.19 cfm/ft2)-Best - 1 stage application (no primer required)

- Can apply to -20 C (0 F)

- Can see fasteners for installing spacers and angles/girts

(transparent)

- Canadian Standard approvals

- Reverse ship lap does not void warranty

- Supplier/Installer extended warranty

Sheet Applied Air Barrier System (.34 cfm/ft2)-May

not be suitable for mid & high rise buildings

- CCMC approvals for building wraps

- Mechanically fastened with many penetrations

- Cannot see fasteners to studs for installing spacers,

angles or ties

- No Supplier/Installer extended warranty

- How do you repair if failure of air barrier system test?

(Removing cladding very expensive)

Total Installed Cost of Sealed Sheathing Best

(1 –stage Air Barrier System) for NECB Large

Building MURB Archetype (10 stories)

See Schematic

- Climate Zone 5 (Windsor/Victoria)

- Assume 20% more expensive materials & no

labour savings from not requiring priming

- Estimated 15% improvement in energy efficiency

due to tighter construction

- Payback of ~ 7 years from energy savings

- Plus piece of mind

More Key Lessons Learned for Residential Buildings; - Reasonable ratio of window/walls (40/60 target)

- More Curtain Wall & Advanced Window/Wall Systems for high-

rise

- Increase in the use of punched windows with prefab

walls/gypsum interiors

- Smaller or thermally separated balconies

$1.5 Billion Class Action Lawsuit

on Codes vs. BC Attorney

General was dismissed.

Need to follow Codes and Good

Practices

- When moisture & mould issues

crop up, building professionals

may have no liability insurance

except for drained (rain-screen)

systems.

- Homeowners in BC were not

protected when Builders

Warranty Program went

bankrupt

- HPO in BC established to

restore consumer confidence

for Condos

Moisture Management Checklist Need rain-screen details

Improve details for fit for purpose, durability and to reduce risks of leaks & mould

Model and analyze complicated interfaces

Integrate rain screen/drainage and water resistant barriers (second line of protection) in wall systems

(see sketch)

Integrate continuous air barrier systems

Design for drying with smarter systems

Identify multiple customer benefits (IAQ, Acoustics, Moisture & Mould Resistance, Fire Safety, Energy Efficiency, Durability and Sustainability.)

Nylon-based material looks

similar to typical polyethylene

sheeting.

- Because it is an advanced,

high-performance material, it

changes its permeability with

ambient humidity conditions.

- Designed to be applied over

unfaced fiber glass

insulation and allows

building envelope systems

to increase their

drying potential

with seasonal climatic

changes

- How does it work?.

The Smart Air Barrier and Vapour Barrier increases Drying

How the Smart Air and Vapour Barrier Works

Leadership in systems approach with multiple benefits and 3-D computer printed (with

gypsum) model showing fire resistant, acoustic, moisture, IAQ and sustainability - LAUNCHED Area Separation Firewalls SEPT. 2014 at Architects Symposium

- NEW OCT. 2015 Model is Triple Wood Stud Partition – Exterior Smarter Skins (See Below)

- Communication with + 500 Architects that have participated in advanced Building Insight Symposiums and

Wood Solution Fairs

Changes in 2010 NBC & BCBC

allow Performance Based Solutions

- Area Separation Firewalls can be

wood/gypsum and provide acoustic

separation

(See 3-D gypsum sample of computer printed model in CertainTeed SAINT-GOBAIN Booth)

Leadership in System Solutions – Areas Separation Firewalls

Gypsum 3 D Model

Gypsum fire stopping required at headers

6 Storey Prefab Gypsum Protected Wood Mid-Rise & Tall Wood Buildings

Credit: CWC/Saint-Gobain Europe

Innovation

• Need pre-fab walls and/or floors with gypsum to

provide passive fire protection and speed up

construction. • Innovative Leaders in Prefabricated Sustainable

Habitat (18 storey in the UK and 32 storey in

Sweden) • 14 storey in Ottawa, 13 storey in Quebec City, 18

storey in Vancouver tall buildings in the pre-

design stage

Sources of Pollutants -Critical in higher energy efficient (tighter) buildings

• Moisture, mold, plants, insects, viruses and bacteria

• Temperature and relative humidity extremes

• Particulates from smoke, outdoor air and cleaning

• Inadequate air circulation and ventilation

• Carbon monoxide from auto exhaust and tobacco

• Carbon dioxide from people and combustion appliance

• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from a variety of chemicals emitted as gas

28

Common Indoor Air Pollutants

• World Health Organization (WHO) and International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classify the effects of indoor air pollutants on human health

• Common indoor air pollutants carcinogenic to humans at unacceptable concentration exposures include: – Formaldehyde

– Total VOC

– Radon gas

• Other common indoor air pollutants that may impact human health include: – Carbon dioxide (CO2)

– Relative humidity

– Airborne particles

29

Indoor Pollutants Holistic Remediation Strategies

• Dilute gaseous pollution sources with outdoor air ventilation

• Remove airborne particulates with filtration

• Control humidity with dehumidification

• Manage moisture flow through building envelopes

• Control building air leakage

• Remove or reduce pollution sources by specifying low emitting materials

• Capture airborne pollution sources using passive or active building material/panels and systems

30

- Buildings are required to be Tighter and Tighter

- Healthier IAQ (Low & Very Low Polluting) buildings will reduce Canada’s Health Care Costs

- Canadian Experts working on a new ISO standard for

Indoor Environmental Quality (Part of New 52000 series for Built Environment using Holistic Approach) -LEED v.4 fueling design and construction of energy efficient green buildings. -New LEED v.4 has prerequisite for building enclosure (envelope) review. smart

Transit Facility;15 MTO; Halifax Regional Library; Greater Toronto Area

50+ LEED Buildings $22B in Energy/Yr. in ICI Canadian Buildings (USA 10X Energy Use)

Credits: Confidential; Quadrangle; Contract Glaziers; Confidential

THERMAL COMFORT-HEALTH vs. Other Building Costs

People 100 Maintenance 10

Financing 10 Energy 1

This clearly shows the #1 priority is buildings for

People Well-Being IAQ/IEQ performance is critical in tighter buildings

New Draft International Standards (DIS) 17772-1

Responsible Agency; ISO/JWG163-205/WG 4

Share Results; Experts Meetings March 19 and

April 9 & 10/15

- Energy performance of buildings - Indoor Environmental Quality - part 2: Guideline for using indoor environmental

input parameters for the design and assessment of energy performance of buildings.

- Mandatory regulatory requirements in EU-Likely Spring 2016 & included in WELL Standard 2015

- Recommended IEQ be a National Building Code or National Energy Code for Buildings proposed change

Category

Very low

polluting

building

l/(s m2)

Low polluting

building

l/(s m2)

Non low-

polluting

building

l/(s m2)

I (high) 0,5 1,0 2,0

II (normal) 0,35 0,7 1,4

III(acceptable) 0,2 0,4 0,8

IV (low) 0,15 0,3 0,6

Minimum total

Ventilation

rate

for health

4 l/s person 4 l/s person 4 l/s person

What kind of indoor environmental quality do we want to deliver to our customers?

Category

Very low

polluting

building

l/(s m2)

Low polluting

building

l/(s m2)

Non low-

polluting

building

l/(s m2)

I (high) 0,5 1,0 2,0

II (normal) 0,35 0,7 1,4

III(acceptable) 0,2 0,4 0,8

IV (low) 0,15 0,3 0,6

Minimum total

Ventilation

rate

for health

4 l/s person 4 l/s person 4 l/s person

Results; Entire New ISO 52000 series of Standards and

likely Canadian Code proposed changes

Very low and Low polluting buildings for the well-being of our customers

Harmonize & Adapt/Adopt new

ISO 52000 series of Standards

with Canadian Air Quality

Guidelines

In very low and low polluting

buildings for the well-being of

the public

Table B6-1 WHO guidelines values for indoor and outdoor air pollutants.

Table B6-1 WHO guidelines values for indoor and outdoor air pollutants.

Pollutant WHO

Indoor Air Quality guidelines 2010

WHO Air Quality guidelines 2005

Benzene No safe level can be

determined -

Carbon monoxide

15 min. mean: 100 mg/m3 1h mean: 35 mg/m3 8h mean: 10 mg/m3 24h mean: 7 mg/m3

-

Formaldehyde 30 min. mean: 100 µg/m3 -

Naphthalene Annual mean: 10 µg/m3 -

Nitrogen dioxide 1h mean: 200 µg/m3

Annual mean: 40 mg/m3 -

Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (e.g. Benzo Pyrene A B[a]P)

No safe level can be determined

-

Radon 100 Bq/m3

(sometimes 300 mg/m3, country-specific)

-

Trichlorethylene No safe level can be

determined -

Tetrachloroethylene Annual mean: 250 µg/m3

Sulfure dioxide - 10 min. mean: 500 µg/m3 24h

mean: 20 mg/m3

Ozone - 8h mean:100 µg/m3

What are the

health &

wellness

synergies from

the application

of the ISO

17772 and Well

standards?

Building Smarter Skins - Wall Panel Solutions Example

Smarter Skin Solutions for Healthy Very low or Low Polluting Buildings

-Air cleaning gypsum wall panels in the Building Envelope with formaldehyde removal effect

(Included in draft ISO 6.2.2. Filtration and air cleaning)

Building Smarter Skin System Solutions-Passive IEQ – Air cleaning panels

Air cleaning gypsum wall panels in Hospitals, Offices,

Schools and Healthy Homes that contribute to Very

low and Low polluting Indoor Environmental

Quality in Buildings

1. The link to the 2013 codes changes to the NBC 2015 and NECB 2015 can be found archived at

http://web.archive.org/web/20140313004536/http://www.nationalcodes.nrc.gc.ca/eng/public_revie

w/2013/proposed_changes.html

2. There were 13 Energy Use Intensity (EUI) PCFs. If you select most of these you will see a link

to the report in the rationale under general information. See for

example: http://web.archive.org/web/20140313015904/http://www.nationalcodes.nrc.gc.ca/eng/p

ublic_review/2013/pcfs/necb11_divb_08.04.01.02._000581.php

Building Smarter – National Code References

1. Pre-design application of cost effective energy efficiency and environmental quality system solutions to buildings.

2. Design for Energy Use Intensity (EUI) Code and existing mid and large buildings (See references).

3. Codify/Adopt higher performance building skin solutions that reduce operating costs and provide low pollution indoor air quality.

robert.marshall@saint-gobain.com

Canada Building Science Blog; http://blog.certainteed.com/category/building-science/canadian-codes/

Construction Canada Feature Article September 2015 “Five Ways of Protecting Mid-Rise Bones with Gypsum Board”

http://www.kenilworth.com/publications/cc/de/201312/files/42.html

ABS/IEQ Building Smarter Action Steps

This concludes The American Institute of Architects

Continuing Education Systems Course

Canadian Wood Council

Wood WORKS! British Columbia

www.cwc.ca

www.wood-works.org