canada week

Canada Week

Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Establishment of

Full Diplomatic Relations between China & Canada

Organized by:Nanjing University of Finance and

EconomicsFriday, October 22nd, 2010

Co-operation in

Higher Education between

China & Canada:

presented by Dr. M.W. Luke ChanAssociate Vice-President

International AffairsMcMaster University

• geography, demographics and economy of China and Canada

• education system of China and Canada

• university education environment of both countries

• Canadian involvement in higher education reform in China

• programs funded by the Canadian government (via Canadian International Development Agency – CIDA)

• effect on management education in China

• current state of co-operation between China and Canada, including joint degree programs, student recruiting, student mobility, graduate recruiting and training and young faculty training support

• discussion of where we go from here

Overview

Background - Geography

People’s Republic of China

Area: 9,596,961 sq km

Canada

Area: 9,984,670 sq km

40°N •SF•NY

Beijing•

•Toronto

People’s Republic of China

Shores: East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea,

Borders: Mongolia, Russia, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan

Climate: subtropical to subarctic

Canada

Shores: North Atlantic Ocean, North Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean

Borders: United States

Climate: temperate to arctic

Background - Geography

Background - Demographics

China's population:

0-14 years: 19.8% (male :140,877,745/female:124,290,090)

15-64 years: 72.1% (male 495,724,889/female 469,182,087)

65 years & over: 8.1% (male 51,774,115/female 56,764,042)

Canada’s population:



65 years & over: 15.2% (male 2,220,189/female 2,862,787)

Background – Economy

China• has changed drastically changed in past 30 years from centrally planned system to a more market-oriented economy that has unprecedented growth in the private sector and has become a major player in the global economy

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $8.748 trillion (2009 est.) 2nd largest in the world (1. United States, 3. Japan, 4. India, 5.Germany)

GDP - per capita (PPP): $6,600 (2009 est.)83rd in the world

Education expenditures: approx. 3% of GDP (2009)

Canada • as an affluent, high-tech industrial society in the

trillion-dollar class, Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and affluent living standards

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $1.279 trillion (2009 est.)14th largest in the world

GDP - per capita (PPP): $38,000 (2009 est.)10th in the world

Education expenditures: approx. 6% of GDP (2009)

Background – Economy

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html?countryName=Canada&countryCode=ca&regionCode=na&rank=15

China:• national level, public state-run system • 12 year system (9 years mandatory)• kindergarten and senior high school are fee-based• rapidly growing private education providers

Literacy Rate: 93% (age 15+ can read and write)

Background - Education

Canada: • provincial level, public state-run system •12 year system (+optional public Kindergarten, structure varies slightly by province)• small, established private education sector

Literacy Rate: 99% (age 15+ can read and write)



China Canadaapprox. 2,400 universities,

colleges and other post-secondary institutions

86 universities and 223 colleges

19 million students nationally

( international students negligible)

1.2 million students nationally (international students as high as 10%)

1 institution to 9000 people 1 institution to 3800 people

est. 4% of Chinese population has post-secondary education

major discrepancy between rural

(< 1%) and urban (approx. 12%)

over 50% of Canadian population has some post-secondary education

6 million post secondary graduates (2008)

245,000 post secondary graduates (2008)

Post-Secondary Education in Canada

Canada has 2 types of public post-secondary institutions:

1. University • education institution that grants fully recognized degrees• offers undergraduate degrees such as Bachelor's Degree• offers graduate and doctoral degrees• offers Post Doctoral research

2. College• grant certificates or diplomas, but not degrees• high degree of standardization across country• some university-college partnership programs that grant select degrees

Oldest universities in Canada: Université Laval (1663)University of New Brunswick (1785)Dalhousie University (1818)McGill University (1821)University of Toronto (1827)McMaster University (1887)

•post-secondary education in Canada is also the responsibility of the individual provinces and territories

•majority of funding from provincial government

•remainder of funding coming from tuition fees, the federal government, and research grants

•alumni and private donations significant source of income

University in Canada - History

Times Higher Education 2010 World University Rankings - Top 200

University of Toronto17University of British Columbia

30McGill University 35McMaster University93University of Alberta 127University of Victoria130University of Montreal138Dalhousie University 193Simon Fraser University199

Canada - Global University Rankings

Shanghai Jiaotong 2010 Academic Ranking of World Universities – Top 200

University of Toronto 27University of British Columbia

36McGill University 61McMaster University 88University of Alberta 101-150University of Calgary101-150University of Montreal101-150University of Waterloo151-200

University in China Oldest universities in China: Tianjin University (1895)

Zhejiang University (1897)Peking University (1898)Soochow University (1900)University of Nanjing (1902)Fudan University (1905)Tsinghua University (1911)

• universities regulated from the national level by State Education Commission (SEC)

• SEC has a far broader range of authority compared to the Canadian provincial authorities

University in China

China has numerous types of public post-secondary institutions:

1. University • education institution that grants degrees• offers undergraduate degrees such as Bachelor's Degree• offers graduate and doctoral degrees• offers Post Doctoral research

2. College• grant certificates or diplomas, but not degrees

3. Training Vocational colleges• large number of schools providing low level technical training

4. Various Training institutes & schools•school to provide specialized technical training for specific occupations or workplaces

Times Higher Education 2010 World University Rankings - Top 200

Peking University 37University of Science & Technology China

49Tsinghua University

58Nanjing University 120Sun Yat-sen University

171Zhejiang University 197

China - Global University Rankings

Shanghai Jiaotong 2010 Academic Ranking of World Universities – Top 200

Peking University 151-200 Tsinghua University 151-200

1973-4:• a few years after the establishment of formal diplomatic

relations both countries began a series of small successful exchange programs for students (1973) and scholars (Canada-China Scholars’ Exchange Program 1974)

1979:• signed far-reaching government-to-government agreement on

academic cooperation; both countries experienced a dramatic increase in visiting scholars and students

• Chinese scholars were at 38 universities in 9 provinces and over 500 Canadian university professors had visited China.

• additional funding in Canada from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) made collaborative research possible for the first time

• during this expansion phase over 40 institutional linkages were created and some formal agreements were made

• these first agreements were only in principle (MOUs)

Canada-China Cooperation in Higher Education (1970-1979)

1979-1983:•with China's return to the international community, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) began to support China's transition to knowledge and technology transfer •this in turn also strengthened Canadian-Chinese trade relations •CIDA became a major contributor to fostering academic cooperation

1983: •CIDA signed a General Agreement on Development Cooperation (GADC) that was initially capitalized with $90 million for the first 5 years

1987:•CIDA increased GADC funding to $200 million•Chinese and Canadian institutions alike benefited from the development agreement, especially through the establishment of the Canada-China University Linkage Program that funded the linkage of 30 institutions


1987:• the Canadian-Chinese Language Centre was founded jointly

between Saint Mary’s University and Peking Normal University to offer English language teaching in China

• CCLC prepares scientists, government officials & other professionals linguistically and culturally to study in Canada and improve language learning in China

1989:• Chinese graduate students account for the majority of

international students in Canada

1994:• CIDA develops Country Development Policy Framework

(CDPF) for China

• the establishment of the Canada-China Higher Education program brings a broad perspective which links directly to CDPF objectives


1981 - 2001:•CIDA provided some $250 million in grants (including $150 million in bilateral funding) toward more than 100 joint initiatives between Canadian universities and colleges and Chinese universities and institutes

•investment was concentrated primarily in providing training and technical assistance in the areas of administration, management, curriculum development, educational methodologies and teaching technologies

•cooperation was predominantly in the fields of management, environment, health, education, and governance

after 1994:• later, the Canada-China University-Industry Partnership

Program (CCUIPP) added a private sector element to the scope of programs

• further support was created through the Canadian Partnership Branch of CIDA through the University Partnerships in Cooperation and Development Program (UPCD)


Canada-China Management Education Program

(CCMEP):• organized through CIDA in 1983; active for 10 years,• this program had a considerable impact on:

• the establishment of management education systems in Chinese institutions• China’s economic development • trained future nationwide known entrepreneurs, professors, scholars and business school deans

• program ended as direct bilateral relationships flourished

Phase I (1983-1990):• established the Canada-China Enterprise Management Training (CCEMT) Centre• 8 Chinese and 8 Canadian lead universities involved and many more through subsidiary activities

Canada-China Cooperation in Higher Education (CCMEP)

Phase II (1987-1994):• over a 7 year period, 407 person years of training in Canada is provided through government facilitated university linkages including:

Alberta/Xian Jiaotong UBC/Shanghai JiaotongDalhousie/Xiamen Concordia /Tianjin

McGill /People’s Toronto/ HKUST UWO/ Waterloo/Tsinghua York /NankaiLaval/ XianJiaotong/People’s

McMaster/Tsinghua/Fudan

• about 150 Canadian faculty members supervised Ph.D. candidates, taught Ph.D.s, MBAs or Executive Development classes

• more than 100 MBA courses were taught in China and about 300 Chinese trainees were granted MBA degrees

• CIDA’s financial contribution for Phase II was more 26 million dollars

Canada-China Cooperation in Higher Education (CCMEP)

Modes of Co-operationAspects of Student Mobility:

A.1-way Mobility, Exchange Agreements• 1-way student mobility programs are common in

Canada • due to a number of factors:

• imbalance in academic standing of institutions • language imbalance (predominance of English)• incentive through scholarship

B. Single Term to Multi-year• duration varies widely; single term allows students

to get sample of international experience with minimal disruption to Home Institution education, some may allow multi-year which allows students to complete studies Host Institution

C. X+Y, joint degree• the terms under which studies are done vary ; x+y

and joint degrees allow student to be granted degrees from the host institution (x+y) or both institutions (joint)

Aspects of Student Mobility:

Student motivation: • international/cultural experience

• higher standard education

Institutional motivation: • helps establish relationship

• gain students with international-standard education

• identify potential graduate students (host)

Issues: • cost to student/institution• “brain drain” (home institution)• determining/establishing

equivalent standards

Modes of Co-operation

X + Y Programs

•x+y means 2+2, 3+1, 3+2, 4+1 where “x” refers to years at the home institution and “y” refers to years at the host institution

•allows students to do initial years at Home university and complete degree at Host university

•graduates usually receive a degree from each institution

•some culminate in Bachelor and Masters degree

•e.g., University of Waterloo & Chinese university 2+2 for B.Sc.(multiple partner universities: Nanjing, USTB, BIT, HIT, etc.)


X + Y Programs

Sustainability concerns for x+y programs:

• on-going “brain drain” effect

• may denigrate standing of Home institution

• fluctuations in Host institution capacity

• cost variation

• language issues


Other Modes of Co-operation:

• graduate student research, supervision and training

• post-doc research, supervision and training

• young faculty training


Undergrads applying to Canadian university must submit:

• Senior High School Graduation Examination • Chinese National University Entrance Examination (Gaokao)• English language proficiency test results (e.g., TOEFL, IELTS, etc.)

• universities individually set their score requirements

Costs include:

Tuition: $10,000 – $22,000 per academic year (2 terms, 8 months)

Living: $5,600 - $9,400 per academic year (8 months)

• costs vary widely by university prestige and proximity to larger cities

Undergraduate Students - China to Canada

Graduate students are required to submit :

• diploma and transcript of bachelor's or comparable degree • English language proficiency test results (e.g., TOEFL, IELTS, etc.)

• universities individually set their score requirements

Costs include:

Tuition: $10,000 – $30,000 per academic year (2 terms, 8 months)Living: $5,600 - $9,400 per academic year (8 months)

•costs vary widely by university prestige and proximity to larger cities•many universities will make Teaching Assistant positions available to offset costs

Graduate Students from China to Canada

China Scholarship Council (CSC)

• provides financial assistance to the Chinese citizens wishing to study abroad

• provides financial assistance to the foreign citizens wishing to study in China

• aims to develop the educational, scientific, technological and economic cooperation between China and other countries


China-Canada Scholars' Exchange Program

• enhanced in 2009

• CSC sponsors various types of scholarships including graduate, doctoral and post-doctoral

• another type of CSC doctoral scholarship is called a “sandwich” or “visiting” scholarship (1 year duration)

• provides “full” scholarships which cover living and travel costs, some or all of tuition costs

• tuition costs are generally split between host institutions and CSSEP

• scholarships can last up to 4 years, depending upon the program

• What role could CSC have with regard to young faculty training and support (e.g. visiting scholars)?


Canadian university campuses in China

•great interest in the idea of “branch” campuses

•campuses are formed in partnership with local university and with complex accreditation procedures

•difficulty in developing a viable model, issues include:

• concern about dilution of university identity/reputation• adequate and stable revenue model• stability of partnerships and costs

•possibilities are immense in terms of:• realizing university’s vision• expanding pool of excellent students and faculty• revenue generation

New Modes of Cooperation

Where do we go from here?

How can CSC and other government and university support be utilized further for post-doc training?

How can we create opportunities and expand upon:

• co-graduate supervision,

• co-executive training,

• co-teaching material development particular using Chinese philosophy and culture and societal characteristics?

New Modes of Cooperation

History:• 122 years old, founded in Toronto in 1887• moved to Hamilton 1930

Location: • Hamilton, Ontario, Canada• 1 hour west of Toronto, 1 hour north of

Niagara Falls

Size: • a 300 acre campus with a 30 acre self-contained core

Enrolment: • a diverse and open community of over 21,000

undergraduate students and 4000 graduate students

• 1,408 faculty and 3,500 staff

McMaster University

McMaster UniversityMcMaster is world renown for:

• Top 100 Universities in the World • according to both Shanghai Jiao Tong and Times Higher Education rankings

• the “McMaster Model”” • a student-centred, problem-based, interdisciplinary approach to education which has been adopted by universities around the world

• high research intensity • total sponsored research income over $345 million • #1 in Canada research income per full-time faculty member• averaging $308,000 per faculty member

• only North American host site of a United Nations University

• Canadian universities are among the best in the world

• Canadian universities are consistently ranked in top 100 universities in the world

• Tuition fees for international students in Canada and living costs are among the lowest in the world

• On-campus work-study program, 3-year work permit after graduation (easy to get Canadian work experience)

• Canada the most multicultural country in the world

• According to the United Nations, Canada offers one of the highest standards for quality of life in the world

Advantages to studying in Canada

canada week

Documents

economy of china

china canadaorganized

management education

world education expenditures

east china sea

south china sea

world gdp

public staterun system