can fences stop wild boar movement across the …...infraestructuras.cat / departament de territori...
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FAO Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop 21-23 May 2019 / Belgrade, Serbia
Can fences stop wild boarmovement across thelandscape?Carme Rosell
MINUARTIA / www.minuartia.com
Facultat Biologia - Universitat Barcelona
Carme Rosell
FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Can really long border fences stop ASF? R
itzau
Scanpix
/ R
eute
rs
Denmark border: 70 km / 11 M€ / 1,5 m height / 50 cm buried
France (Meuse-Ardennes) border: 112 km / 5,6 M€
Other countries considering or preparing: Poland, Lithuania, Luxemburg….
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Long fences are ‘popular’ but could they stop ASF?
Ritzau
Scanpix
/ R
eute
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Denmark border: 70 km / 11 M€ / 1,5 m height / 50 cm buried
France (Meuse-Ardennes) border: 112 km / 5,6 M€
FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Guidelines provided are evidence-based
A low number of peer review papers evaluating fences effectiveness.
A big number of projects:
― Monitoring wildlife mitigation at fenced Roads and High Speed Railways
― Evaluating performance of airfield’s fences in the framework of Airports Wildlife Hazard Management Programmes
― Testing effectiveness of ‘scent barriers’ and electric fences to protect crops and pastures
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
More information at ‘Guidelines about measures to reduce damage caused by wildlife’ (main target wild boar)
English version available on-line
FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
‘Standard’ wild boar fencing
Knotted wire mesh with progressive density anchored at poles Buried minimum 20 cm
Carm
e R
osell
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Sources: Rivisa, Bricolemar, RGM.
Mesh typologies
Torsion (chain-link) mesh is NOT recommended
Knotted or Weldedare suitable mesh typologies
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Source: Catàleg per reduir danys de senglar (2018); Prescripciones
técnicas pasos de fauna y vallados (2006, updated 2015).
Buried on the soil: a critical point to guarantee effectiveness
Wild boar
Minimum height 160 cm
(+20cm buried)
Separation betweenpoles
200 - 400 m
160 cm
20 cm
min.
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Fencing small areas: more feasible
Application?
Small newly infected areas
Other management purposes (‘trapping’)
Parc
Natu
ral
Aig
uam
olls
de l
’Em
pord
à
FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Existing fences can be reinforced against wild boar
Welded wire mesh
Anchoring racks
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Ph
oto
Òsc
ar A
ldam
a
Fenced roads and railways
reinforcement provide an opportunity to reduce
wild boar movements, BUT …
FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
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High maintenance is needed
Vulnerable points exist at locations were fences are damaged
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Vulnerable points
Escape devices for animals that enter in a fenced road
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Wildlife manage to find vulnerable points
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
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Vulnerable points
Crossing of ditches, culverts, …
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
River crossingm
inuart
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Infraestructuras.Cat / Departament de Territori i Sostenibilitat. Autor: Minuartia-Hemav
Tunnels and
viaducts allow
wildlife to cross
transport
infrastructure
barriers
Osc
ar A
ldam
a-
Car
me
Ro
sell
–M
inu
arti
aWildlife crossings must maintain their functionality:
- contribute to maintain ecological connectivity
- make part of the European ‘Green Infrastructure’
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Other techniques to restrict movements
Electric fence
Minuartia, Parc Natural de l’Alt Pirineu (2005)
ATENTION!
The cable distance to the soil and the voltage are crucial aspects
Upper cable required for deer
Two cables needed to stop wild boar
3rd cable(Electrified
white tape)
Isolator
Pole
2nd cable
1st cable
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Electric fence
Foto
s:
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Minuartia (2005)
‘Scent barriers’ Olfactory repellent – spraying
Product diluted in water Temporary effects only / wild boar get used to it Be aware, some products are NOT effective at all
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Foto
s:
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Awareness, but do not really deter the wild boar to cross Temporary effects only / wild boar get used to it Be aware, some products are NOT effective at all
‘Scent barriers’ Olfactory repellent – fixed on foam
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Foto
s:
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Product applied in felts or bags / Different substances
‘Scent barriers’ Olfactory repellent – spraying
Temporary effects only / wild boar get used to it Be aware, some products are NOT effective at all
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Conclusions
We have the knowledge on how to build wild boar fencing, BUT- high maintenance is required - many vulnerable points.
Fences (wire mesh and electric) can reduce wild boar movements in small-medium size areas if strategically designed and well constructed. Scent barriers have only temporary effect, but could be also considered in small ‘newly infected’ areas.
Long fences are NOT recommended- low effectiveness due to vulnerable points - high impacts on ecological connectivity
and biodiversity.
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FAO - Regional African Swine Fever (ASF) Wild Boar Management Workshop – Belgrade, May 2019
Thank you
for your attention
Acknowledgments to all those who contributed to
projects development. Particularly, to my colleagues
from MINUARTIA Ferran Navàs, Marina Torrellas,
Albert Cama and Joana Colomer. To the project
responsibles in different organisations: Sergi Romero,
Jordi Ruiz Olmo, Antoni Sorolla, Jordi Solina, (Catalan
Government), Jordi Padrós, Dani Guinart (Barcelona
Regional Government), technical staff at ADIF, AENA,
AUTOPISTAS, and INFRAESTRUCTURES.CAT.
Special thanks to the colleagues from the
INFRASTRUCTURES & ECOLOGY NETWORK
EUROPE (IENE www.iene.info).
@CarmeRosell - www.minuartia.com
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