can cloud computing and optical networking sthpl t?save ... - can cloud...• cl d c ti t th l...
TRANSCRIPT
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Can Cloud Computing Can Cloud Computing and Optical Networking and Optical Networking
S th Pl t?S th Pl t?Save the Planet?Save the Planet?
Rod Tucker, Jayant Baliga, Robert Ayre, Kerry Hinton
ARC Special Research Centre for Ultra-Broadband Information Networks (CUBIN)
University of Melbourne
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Cloud ComputingCloud Computing
What do the following have in common?
• Happiness• Love• Marketing Hype• Recession• Cloud Computingp g
They all mean different things to different people
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SummarySummaryCloud Computing as a Logistics ProblemCloud Computing as a Logistics Problem
Key elements of logistics
• Processing• Storage Energy costsStorage• Transport
Energy costs
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Cloud Computing Energy ModelCloud Computing Energy ModelComputer,
StorageServers, Storage
Enterprise Data Center
PON Access Network
Core NetworkOLT
Splitter ONU
FiberProcessors PON Access Network
Broadband Network G
CoreRouter
Total Energy
Edge Routers
GatewaysOXC Total Energy Consumption =
Energy/bit used in
M t /Ed N t k
EthernetSwitch
Servers,
• Storage• Transport• Processing
Metro/Edge NetworkProcessors
StoragePublic Data Center
XTotal number of bits
CloudPublic Data Center
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Network Energy ModelNetwork Energy Model
100020092009
nJ)
100pe
r bit
(n
10
Ene
rgy
0 1
1
0 01
0.1
0.01Optical
AmpPoS WDMTx/Rx
EthernetSwitch
CoreRouter
PONONU
(10 Mb/s)
Server
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Data Centre Energy ModelData Centre Energy Model
Servers430 nJ/b
Edge Router26 nJ/b 430 nJ/b26 nJ/b
Storage8 pW/bp
[29 nJ/hr/b]LAN – 2 stages of aggregation
using Ethernet switchesWatts not Joules
g
Baliga et al., OThT6
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User Hardware Energy ModelUser Hardware Energy Model
• End user computer:
– High Energy Use Desktop 140 Watts• Eg. Intel Quad-core, or older P4, mid-range graphics
– Modern mid-range Desktop 70 Watts• Eg. Intel Core Duo 2.5 GHz, 2 GB RAM, mid-range graphics
– Low-end Desktop/Thin Client 18 Watts • Eg. Intel Atom 1.6 GHz, 2 GB RAM, chipset-based graphicsg , , p g p
– Ignore monitor (LCD/CRT) energy consumption • This will be similar in all our comparisons
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Outsource to Cloud or Oversize Computer?Outsource to Cloud or Oversize Computer?Should I use a low-end Computer & Outsource Jobs
Computing Resource
Service Center Outsource jobs
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Low energy consumption.consumption.
OR
Use a high-end computer that
- OR -
g pcan handle any of my jobs
But high energy consumption even for light jobsfor light jobs
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Consider Three ScenariosConsider Three Scenarios
1. Software-as-a-Service– Stored on user’s computer with updates downloaded regularly
• Eg current anti-virus software model extended to mainstream applications, MS Update (weekly patch) model
2 S i B2. Service Bureau– Most tasks done on lower end user machine,
outsource the “big” jobs
3. Computing-as-a-Service– Hosted and run on provider’s computer “farm” with data initiallyHosted and run on provider s computer farm with data initially
uploaded from user• User data may be hosted or locally stored• Like enterprise “Thin Client” modelLike enterprise Thin Client model
Can cloud computing save energy ?
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1. Software1. Software--asas--aa--ServiceService
Service Center
I want to use the Word
ProcessorData
Center Processor Mid-range Computer
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Software as a Service• Software maintenanceSoftware-as-a-Service
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1. Software1. Software--asas--aa--ServiceService
Service CenterData
Center
Here is the latest version or patch
Mid-range Computer
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Software as a Service• Software maintenanceSoftware-as-a-Service
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2. 2. Service BureauService Bureau
Here is my raw Service CenterComputing
Resource
video footage and edit
commands
Mid-range Computer
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Service Bureau Hardware & SoftwareService Bureau – Hardware & Software
•Service Bureau for “Big” Jobs
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2. 2. Service BureauService Bureau
Service CenterComputing
Resource
Here is your DVD Image
Mid-range Computer
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Service Bureau Hardware & SoftwareService Bureau – Hardware & Software
•Service Bureau for “Big” Jobs
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3. Computing3. Computing--asas--aa--ServiceService
Service CenterEnterprise
Server
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Here is the new data for my spreadsheetp
Computing (Hardware and Software-as-Low-end or
“Thin Client” C t
•Centralised Storage and Processing
Computing (Hardware and Software-as-a-Service)
Computer
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3. 3. ComputingComputing--asas--aa--ServiceService
Service CenterEnterprise
Server
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Here is the output file to
print or e-mail
Computing (Hardware and Software-as-
p
•Centralised Storage and Processing
Computing (Hardware and Software-as-a-Service) Low-end or
“Thin Client” C tComputer
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1. Software1. Software--asas--aa--Service ExampleService Example
• Energy impact of the
Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?
gy p“Software as a Service” & “Storage as a Service” models
Service Centre
Data Centre
• Compare the energy cost to store & transport 50 MB bl k t th
AccessNetworkMetro
Network
blocks to the user, cf. store on local drive
U i 1GB d 5GB “ l d” t• Users require 1GB and 5GB “cloud” storage
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1. Software1. Software--asas--aa--Service ExampleService Example
Storage of application & data “in the cloud” compared with storing on a local disk.50 MBytes per download. Modern laptop-style HDD 20% read/write and 80% idle.
Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?
50 MBytes per download. Modern laptop style HDD 20% read/write and 80% idle.
100
)
10
ptio
n (W
)
Transport energy dominates
L l HDD
1
Con
sum
p Local HDD
0.1
Pow
er C
1 GB Cloud Storage5 GB Cloud Storage
0.010.01 0.1 1 10 100
D l d H
1 GB Cloud Storage
Downloads per Hour
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2. Service Bureau Example2. Service Bureau ExampleComputer used for 20 hrs/week, plus some video encoding of ½ hour videos
160
180on
, W Older Computer
Transport
100
120
140
nsum
ptio
Mid-range Computer
Transport energy dominates
60
80
100
Pow
er C
on
20
40
60
Ave
rage
P
Low-end Computer & outsourcing
00 20 40 60 80 100 120
Number of Encodings per Week
A
Number of Encodings per Week
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3. Computing3. Computing--asas--aa--Service ExampleService Example
• Office situation
Thin Client or Small PC in Office?Thin Client or Small PC in Office?
• Office situation– non-intensive tasks,
• Should this office deploy:
Service Center
Enterprise Server
Should this office deploy:– a low-end machine per user
OR “dumb, thin clients”? Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
• Commonly, thin client would receive and display HTML formatted data from the server
Thi li t bilit b li it d t di l i• Thin client capability may be limited to displaying bitmaps developed from its server
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3. Computing3. Computing--asas--aa--Service ExampleService Examplent
(W)
Thin Client compared to Small PC in OfficeThin Client compared to Small PC in Office
5
7.5
Thin
Clie
n
“local” server
2.5
g us
ing
T
Distant Server
-2.5
0
wer
Sav
ing
1% 2% 5% 10%
% of screen area updated
-50 1 2 3 4 5
Pow
area updated per secondAverage Bitrate for Screen Refresh Mb/s
Thin client solution “green” only when the server is localThin client solution green only when the server is local
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SummarySummary
• Cloud Storage and Cloud Computing can provide energy savings– More so for less-demanding users– For handling the occasional intensive task
• But...– Advantages may be lost when data transfer is large– This is where optical networking needs to come to the
rescue
Cl d C ti t th l t• Cloud Computing may not save the planet….– But if used appropriately, it could help to mitigate the
growth in energy consumption in our industryg gy p y– A classical Logistics problem