can an aspect of consciousness be imprinted into an electronic device tiller 2000

8/7/2019 Can an Aspect of Consciousness Be Imprinted Into an Electronic Device Tiller 2000

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C a n a n A s p e c t o f C o n s c i o u s n e s s b e I m p r i n t e di n t o a n E l e c t r o n i c D e v i c e ?

W I L L I A M A . T IL L ER 1MICHAE L J . KOHANE2

WA L T E R E . DIBBL E , JR . 2tpro fessor Emeritus, Dep artm ent of Ma terials Science an d Engineering, Stanford University2Ditron LLC, M innesota

A b s t r a c t - - A l t h o u g h q u a n t u m m e c h a n i c s al lo w s c o n s c i o u sn e s s t o h a v e s o m e e f fe c t o n t h eco l lapse o f wa ve func t ions , m os t conven t iona l s c ien ti st s expec t the e f f ec t to be q u i te sm al l .T he i r exper ience w i th exper t sys tem s , com puter -a ided des ign , e tc . , wou ld cause them todeny the pos s ib i l i ty tha t a spec i f i c hum an in ten t ion cou ld be im pr in ted in to a s im plee lec t ron ic dev ice v ia a m ed i ta t ive p roces s and tha t thi s dev ice cou ld then in f luence a t a rge texper im en t in accorda nce wi th the spec i f i c inten tion . Here, v ia two very d i f f e ren t t a rge texper im en ts , tha t p reva i l ing suppos i t ion has been exper im en ta l ly t es ted and found to befal lacious !

For each ta rge t experim en t , one s ta rt s w i th tw o iden t ica l phys ica l dev ices , i so la tes themfrom each o ther and "c harges" one w i th the spec i fi c in ten t ion fo r the par t icu la r exper im en t .T h is ch arg ing p roces s invo lved the s e rv ices o f four h igh ly qua l i fi ed m ed i ta to r s to im pr in tthe dev ice w i th the spec i f ic inten tion . T he dev ices were then wrapp ed in a lum inum fo i l andsepara te ly sh ipped, v ia Federa l E xpres s -2 , 000 m i les to a labora to ry whe re the ac tua l t a rge texper im en ts were c onduc ted by o thers .

For the two exper im en ts , the in ten t ions were (1 ) to decrease ( increase) the p H of w ate rby on e pH un i t and (2 ) to increase the A T P/A DP ra tio in f ru i t fly l a rvae so as to s ign i f i-can t ly decrease the i r deve lopm ent t im e . For (1 ) , changes o f 0 . 5 to 1 . 0 pH un i t s wereach ieved whi le , fo r (2 ) , r educ t ions o f ~15 percen t in l a rva l deve lopm ent t im e fo r theim pr in ted vs . un im pr in ted dev ice were observed (p< 0 .005).

F rom a theore t ica l pe r spec tive , (1 ) a the rm odyn am ic bas i s i s p rov ided fo r the e f f ec t o fin ten tion on b o th the e lec t rochem ica l po ten t ia l and f lux o f m olecu la r spec ies , (2 ) a concep -tua l m ode l fo r link ing sub t le dom ains w i th the phys ica l dom ain dev ices i s g iven , and (3 ) aconcep tua l m ode l i s a lso g iven o f how such dev ices m ay b roadc as t spec i f i c p r im e d i r ec t ivein fo rm at ion v ia in ten t ion- -augm ented e lec t rom agne t i sm which can " t i l t " chem ica l r eac-t ions in appropr iate w ays w ithin the target exper iment .

I n t r o d u c t i o n

I N EX PER T SY STEM S a n d i n t e l l i g e n t m a c h i n e s , h a r d w a r e a r c h i t e c t u r e w i t h s u p p o r t i v e w r i t -t e n s o f tw a r e a l l o w s t h e m a c h i n e s t o p e r f o r m w i t h i n p r e c is e , p r e d i c t a b l e l im i t s . S o m ev a r i a t io n s i n t h e p r e c i s e n e s s o f t h e s e l i m i t s c a n b e e x p e c t e d i f " f u z z y l o g i c " i s i n v o l v e d v i at h e so f t w a r e . H o w e v e r , i n r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e e l e c t ro n i c s y s t e m s , o n e h a s c o m e t o e x p e c t t h a tt h e o u t p u t p e r f o r m a n c e c a n b e c o m p l e t e l y a n d e x a c t l y c h a r a c t e r i z e d b a s e d u p o n t h e s y s t e md e s i g n a l o n g w i t h i t s s p e c i f i c m a t e r i a l a n d e l e c t r i c a l c o m p o n e n t p a r a m e t e r s ; i . e . , t h e o u t p u t

Add res s fo r co r respondence : P ro f . Wi l l i am A. T i ll er , 909 S . P ineco ne S t ., Pay son , AZ 85541 .Integrative P hysiological and Behavioral Science, Apr i l - June 2000 , Vo l . 35 , No . 2 , 142-16 3 .

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r e s p o n s e / i n p u t s i g n a l ra t io i s i n d e p e n d e n t o f a n y o t h e r fa c t o r s t h a n t h e s e . C e r t a i n l y , t h eg r e a t s u c c e s s o f c o m p u t e r - a i d e d d e s i g n ( C A D ) f o r b o t h e l e c t r i c c i r c u i t d e s i g n a n d s e m i -c o n d u c t o r p r o c e s s i n g p r o c e d u r e s u t i li z e d f o r i n t e g r a t e d c ir c u i t f a b ri c a ti o n u n d e r s c o r e s t h eu t i li ty - o f t h is p a r a d i g m i n t o d a y ' s t e c h n o l o g y .I n q u a n t u m m e c h a n i c s , p h i l o s o p h i c a l a t t e n t i o n h a s b e e n g i v e n t o t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o fc o n s c i o u s n e s s a f f e c t in g t h e c o l l ap s e o f t h e w a v e f u n c t i o n ; h o w e v e r , n o t h i n g s p e c i f ic a n dd e t a i l e d e x i s t s t o s h o w h o w c o n s c i o u s n e s s m i g h t a l t e r t h e " n u m b e r s . " E v e n w h i l e a c -k n o w l e d g i n g t h e q u a n t u m m e c h a n i c a l po s si b il it y m e n t i o n e d a b o v e, c o n v e n t i o n a l s c i e n c ew o u l d s ta te t h a t h u m a n s c o u l d n o t m e a n i n g f u l l y i n te r ac t, a t a n e n e r g y / i n f o r m a t i o n le v e l,w i t h t h e i r e x p e r i m e n t s . B a s e d u p o n t h e p a r a d i g m o f t h e f i r s t p a r a g r a p h , c o n v e n t i o n a ls c i e n c e w o u l d e v e n m o r e e m p h a t i c a l l y s t a t e t h a t s p e c i f i c h u m a n i n t e n t i o n s c o u l d n o t b ee m b e d d e d i n t o a s i m p l e e le c t ro n i c d e v i c e w h i c h i s t h e n u s e d t o m e a n i n g f u l l y i n f l u e n c e a ne x p e r i m e n t i n a c c o r d w i t h t h e s p e c i f i c i n t e n t i o n . S i n c e a g r o w i n g b o d y o f e x p e r i m e n t a lda t a e x i s t s t o (D i bb l e a nd T i l l e r , 1999 ; K oha ne a nd T i l l e r , 1999) s e r i ous l y que s t i on t h i sc o n v e n t i o n a l s c ie n c e p a r a d i g m , i t re q u i r es u s t o b e g i n d i s c u s s i o n s a n d q u e s t i o n i n g s c o n -c e r n i n g t h e r e l e v a n c e o f t h e s e f i n d i n g s t o t h e a r e a o f c o n s c i o u s n e s s s t u d i e s . T h a t i s t h ep r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f t h is p a p e r .A l t h o u g h t h e p r i m a r y e x p e r i m e n t a l d e t ai ls h a v e b e e n p r e s e n t e d e l s e w h e r e ( D i b b l e a n dT i l l e r , 1999 ; K oh a ne a nd T i l l e r , 1999), i n t he ne x t s e c t i on s om e e xpe r i m e n t a l da t a w i l l bep r o v i d e d t o s h o w h o w i n t e n ti o n i m p r i n t e d e le c t r o n i c d e v ic e s ( I IE D ) c a n b e u t i l iz e d t o ( 1 )c h a n g e t h e p H o f a q u e o u s s o l u ti o n s b y f a c t o rs o f - 5 - 1 0 i n H c o n c e n t r a t i o n a n d ( 2 ) r e d u c et h e d e v e l o p m e n t t i m e o f fr u it f ly l a rv a e b y - 1 5 % . T h e f o l l o w i n g s e c t i o n d i s c u s s e s s e v e r a la s p e c ts o f h o w i n t e n t io n - g e n e r a t e d a u g m e n t e d - e l e c t r o m a g n e t i s m m a y g i v e r i se t o s u c ha n o m a l o u s b e h a v i o r a s v i e w e d f r o m a p u r e l y f o u r - s p a c e p e r s p e c t i v e . T h e p r o c e d u r e u s e dt o i m p r i n t th e s e d e v i c e s i s o u t l in e d i n A p p e n d i x A .

T h e A n o m a l o u s E x p e r im e n t a l F i n d i n g sA. Water Studies

F i g u r e 1 p r o v i d e s a s c h e m a t i c i ll u s tr a ti o n o f th e e q u i p m e n t in v o l v e d i n t h e p H m e a s u r e -m e n t s y s t em . A n A c c u m e t 5 0 p H m e t e r w a s u t il i z ed w i t h f as t -r e s p o n s e , h i g h - p e r f o r m a n c e ,c o m b i n a t i o n e l e c tr o d e s w i t h a u t o m a t ic t e m p e r a t u r e c o m p e n s a t i o n . M e a s u r e m e n t a c c u r ac yw a s + 0 .0 1 p H u n i t a n d c a l ib r a ti o n i n v o l v e d t h e u s e o f t h r e e b u f f e r s t a n d a r d s ( p H 4 , p H 7a n d p H 1 0). M e a s u r e m e n t s w e r e m a d e b y p l a c i n g t h e e l e c tr o d e in u n s t i r r e d s o l u t io n a n dr e c o r d i n g t h e p H - t i m e c o u r s e u n t i l a s t a b le v a l u e w a s a p p r o a c h e d . T h e e a r l y p o r t i o n o f t h isc u rve i s , t he r e fo re , a n a r t i f a c t a s s oc i a t e d w i t h e qu i l i b r a t i on o f t he e l e c t rode w i t h t he pa r -t i cu l a r w a t e r b e i n g m e a s u r e d .Th e t h r e e w a t e r s u t i l i z e d i n t h is s t udy w e re ( a ) Ev i a n w a t e r w h i c h i s a C a / M g b i c a rb on-a te so lu t ion of in i t i a l pH - - - 7 .00 and wi th to ta l d i s so lved so l ids of 300 mg/ l and [Ca++) /[M g 247= 3 . 2 , (b ) C a s t l e R oc k w a t e r , w h i c h i s a ls o a C a / M g b i c a rbo na t e s o l u t i on o f i n it i a lpH -- 7 . 10 a nd w i t h t o t a l d i s s o l ve d s o l i d s o f 95 m g/ l a nd [Ca + = 2 . 0 [ t h is w a t e rw a s d i l u t e d 5 0 / 5 0 w i t h A S T M t y p e I p u r if i e d w a t e r to e n s u r e th a t n o p r e c i p i t a ti o n o f C a /M g c a r b o n a t e s o c c u r r e d ] , a n d ( c ) A S T M t y p e I p u r i f i e d w a t e r . A f t e r s a m p l e p r e p a r a t i o n ,t h e s o l u t io n w a s a l w a y s p o u r e d i n t o t w o o r m o r e p o l y p r o p y l e n e b o t t le s , w i t h a t l e a s t o n es a ve d a s a c on t ro l . F o r s t o r a ge a nd a w a i t i ng t e s t i ng , e a c h bo t t l e w a s p l a c e d i n i t s ow ne l e c t r i c a l l y g r o u n d e d F a r a d a y c a g e c o n s t r u c t e d f r o m a f i n e m e s h c o p p e r s c r e e n ( 0 . 0 1 6i n c h e s d i a m e t e r) . T h e t e m p e r a t u r e r an g e f o r a l l e x p e r i m e n t s w a s 2 0 - 2 5 ~The e l e c t roma gne t i c de v i c e s ( s i z e = 7 i n . x 3 i n . x 1 i n . ) u s e d i n t h i s s t udy w e re


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14 4 T IL L E R, KOHANE , AND DI BBL E

F a r a d a yE n c l o s u r e

C l a s s 2T r a n s f o r m e r

F I r . 1 . S c h e m a t i c d r a w i n g o f e x p e r i m e n t a l s e t - u p u s e d i n s i m u l t a n e o u s e x p o s u r e a n d p H m e a s u r e m e n te x p e r i m e n t s .

d e s i g n e d t o b e p h y s i c a l l y i d e n t i c a l t o t h o s e o f c o m m e r c i a l o r i g i n ( s e e D i b b l e a n d T i l l e r ,1 9 9 9 f o r d e t a i l s ) . O n e i s s h o w n i n s i d e t h e F a r a d a y c a g e o f F i g u r e 1 a n d c o n n e c t e d t o i t sp o w e r s u p p l y t r a n s f o r m e r t h a t is , i n tu r n , c o n n e c t e d to a 1 1 0 v o u t le t .B. Fru i t F ly S tudies

W e m e a s u r e d l a rv a l d e v e l o p m e n t t i m e at 1 8~ u s i n g th e p r o c e d u r e s a n d st r ai n s d e -s c r i b e d i n K o h a n e a n d T i l l e r ( 1 9 9 9 ) a n d K o h a n e ( 1 9 9 4 ) . N o n - s t r e s s f u l f o o d w a s u s e d f o rs t ra i n c u l t u r e a n d e x p e r i m e n t s a n d s e p a r a te c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e r o o m s (1 8 ~ 5 5 % R H )w e r e u s e d f o r ( i ) d e v i c e s t o r a g e , ( i i ) s t r a in c u l t u r e p lu s u n e x p o s e d a d u l t c u l t u r e a n d , ( i i i )e x p e r i m e n t s .O u r e x p e r i m e n t s u t i l i z e d t w o e l e c t r o n i c d e v i c e s s i m i l a r t o t h o s e d e s c r i b e d i n A . W es t u d i e d t w o c a t e g o r i e s o f d e v i c e s . T h e f i rs t c a t e g o r y i n v o l v e d d e v i c e s ( d , o ) w h i c h h a d n o tb e e n e x p o s e d t o h u m a n i n t e n t i o n . T h e s e c o n d c a t e g o r y i n v o l v e d d e v i c e s ( d , j ) w h i c h h a db e e n e x p o s e d t o a h u m a n i n t e n t i o n c o n c e r n e d w i t h s i g n if i c a n tl y i n c r e a s i n g t h e [ A T P ] /[ A D P ] r a t i o a n d t h e r e b y d e c r e a s i n g l a r v a l d e v e l o p m e n t t i m e ( s e e A p p e n d i x A ) . T h e d e -v i c e s w e r e i n d i v i d u a l l y w r a p p e d i n a l u m i n u m f o i l a n d s t o r e d i n s e p a r a t e e l e c t r i c a l l yg r o u n d e d F a r a d a y c a g e s .T h e t r e a tm e n t s i n v e s t i g a t e d i n t h e e x p e r im e n t s w e r e a s f o l l o w s : c u l t u r e i n t h e l a b o r a to r ye n v i r o n m e n t (C) ; c u l t u re i n a F a r a d a y c a g e w i th o u t a d e v i c e ( F ); a n d c u l t u r e i n a F a r a d a y c a g ew i th a s i n g l e d e v i c e ( d ,o o r d ,j ). A l l t r e a tm e n t s w e r e p l a c e d n e x t t o e a c h o th e r o n a l a b o r a to ryb e n c h i n a c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e r o o m at 1 8~ W e d i d n o t d e t e c t t e m p e r a t u r e v a r i a t io nb e t w e e n t r e a t m e n t s , w i t h t e m p e r a t u r e m e a s u r e d u s in g v i a l c u l t u re s v i a a t h e r m o c o u p l e .W e c o n d u c t e d f o u r e x p e ri m e n t s o v e r a s ix m o n t h p e r i o d a n d a s s e s s e d e f f e c t s o n l a rv a l


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CAN CONSCIOUSNESS BE IMPRINTED INTO AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE.9 145

development time for exposure periods of 4 hours to one life-cycle as follows: the respec-tive device was placed in the center of a Faraday cage and vials were transferred to theFaraday cage and placed around the perimeter. The device was turned off and removed atthe end of a specific time period and larval development proceeded. At the same time,vials were transferred to a Faraday cage without a device (F) and to a tray placed on thebench (C). A single replicate involved 30 larvae (0-4h old) transferred to a vial containingnon-stressful food. Vials were monitored daily and surviving adults were collected. Larvaldevelopment time is given as T1/2, the time taken for half of the surviving adults toemerge. The device was approximately 15 cm from the vials on average, where the outputpower of the devices in their specific frequency ranges is expected to be less than 1microwatt. There was a minimum of 15 replicates (vials) per treatment.The energy assay followed Kohane (1994) and primarily assessed in vivo and in vitroeffects on electron transport chain activity. We measured the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio in thepresence of (1) supplemental dH20, which does not alter the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio in thesehomogenates and (2) supplemental 0.01M NAD, which increases the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio asa consequence of altered electron transport chain activity.We assessed treatment, larval development time and the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio at the sametime by establishing experimental cultures for energy assays concurrently with our finalexperiment. ATP, ADP, and AMP were extracted using 4.2 M formic acid and 4.2 Mammonium hydroxide (Kohane, 1994). They were quantified using an automated IscoHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) apparatus; a Vydac Column(302IC4.6) and a preprogrammed gradient from 0.025 M sodium phosphate monobasic,pH 2.8 to 0.5 M sodium phosphate monobasic, pH 2.8 (modified from Kohane, 1994).There were 8 replicates per treatment for both supplemental NAD and dH20.

R e s u l t s

A. Water S tudiesFor the Evian water, Ca/Mg carbonate crystal formation occurred in this water duringthe experiments and somewhat obscured the main purpose of the study. However, a sig-nificant result was that the more pronounced pH decreases occurred in the solutions ex-posed to the IIED's with a pH-lowefing intention. With the unimprinted devices, very littlepH change was noted. In these experiments, a near balance existed between pH loweringassociated with the solid carbonate precipitation and the pH-increase caused by the re-moval of excess CO2 to the atmosphere. Simply opening or closing the container producedshifts in the pH via growth or dissolution of the crystals. Our results indicated that, if theinitial pH did not exceed 8.5 and some contact with the atmosphere was maintained, littleor no carbonate was precipitated. These initial experiments showed that pH differencesbetween imprinted device-exposed solutions and controls were less than or the order of0.15 pH units.With the pH-stable 50/50 solution of Castle Rock water and type I purified water, nocarbonate precipitation occurred and very robust differences between the unimprinted and

imprinted device effects were noted. In one experiment, exposure of previously unexposed"control" solution to an unimprin ted device with simultaneous pH measurement showedthat, after an initiai pH decrease below the equilibrium range, the pH increased in anirregular fashion on succeeding days. Figure 2 shows results of these measurements on 4days following unimprinted device exposure (upper graph). On the other hand, the same


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1 4 6 TILLER, KOHANE, AND DIBBLE

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7 . 8 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . .!

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I jr ~ + ! i7 . 6 9 . . . . .t ' ~ ' ) i . - .- + : . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . l7 . 6 7 , l " i ~ [ ". . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . { . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +. . . . . . . . . . . . . . : l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ; i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . j .765 c~ ' " '~ ,+ ' '

Time ( r a i n . )

7 M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . - : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .| Eq ui l ibr ium pH ~ange 20-~5 deg ree ~ 1.;. i7"871 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !788 - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ ~ i ~ , t + ......i . . . . .. . . .. . . .. i - - ~7.6+ ! ................ .... +. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . +. ' + - ' . ~

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . i_'+I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i i ~ i i i ! / : i i : : i i ~ + ? !............. =.................... +.. . . . . . . . . . . . +, ,+ . . .. . .. . .. . i . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ~+ ~i '~ . . .. . .. .+;;:+ t ........ +.:-.........:+:+ ............+...................+ + + + ' " + +

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +,. . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . ; : : K - - !

' + l . . . . . . . 7 . . . . . . . . : ; ~m ' +" . .. . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :+. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + :

" + ~ .............. i- ................... i.................... l.................... i ........... ......... i ........ ......... .. i ...... ...... ..... .. +7 , 0 7 1 " " " ~ " " ~ . : ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :7.6S!, , , I /+ ,,,

o ~s 30 45 6o 78 9o lo sT i m e ( r a i n . )

120

FrG. 2. pH vs. time for 50/50 dilution of Castle Rock Water with purified H~O. Measurements in upper figurewere made on a solution that had been exposed to the unimprinted3-oscillator device (circles). Measurementsrepresented in lower figure were made on a solution that had been exposed to the imprinted3-oscillator device.Note monotonically increasing pH behavior vs. more irregular behavior for the unimprinted case.


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CAN CONSCIOUSNESSBE IMPRINTED INTO AN ELECTRICALDEVICE? 147

exper imen t conduc t ed wi th an imprinted dev i ce (pH- lower ing i n t en ti on ) exh ib i t ed mon o-ton i ca ll y i nc reas ing , smoo th pH behav io r on succe ed ing days a f t e r exposu re ( l ow er g raph ).This i r regular vs . smooth pH -t ime beh avior for unim prin ted vs . impr in ted phy s ical ly iden-t ica l devices w as a con s i s ten t t radem ark dur ing the exper imen ts .In F igure 3a , the resu lt s of a bat tery-pow ered imprinted device (pH-lower ing in ten t ion)exposed to f resh ly prepared so lu t ion i s g iven showing a pH decl ine of about 0 .30 + 0 .03pH un i t s over a 1 . 25 day pe r iod . On the s ame g raph , t he r esu l t fo r an i den t i ca lba t t e ry -powered unimprinted device i s g iven . The d i f ference i s about 0 .15 pH uni t s . InF igure 3b , the resu l ts for a phys ical ly ident ica l device but in ten t ion- imprin ted to raise thepH by on e pH uni t in 100 percen t A ST M type I pur i f ied water is shown. T he in it i a l rap iddrop in pH i s associa ted wi th the e lec t rode equi l ibra t ing wi th the very d i lu te unbufferedwater . The in i t i a l pH of th i s water was 5 .57 which i s cons i s ten t wi th pure water inequi l ibr ium wi th the CO2 in laboratory a i r . One sees that th i s pH drop i s fo l lowed by as teady r i se that asymp tot ica l ly approaches a pH value o f 6 .6 f ive days la ter .

7 . 9 5 17 . 9

7 .8 5 ! "" " e7 . 8 , Exp0sure - Faraday Cage

7-75

svice for 5 da ys "

7.77.657.6

7.55O

Exposureimprinted dafter which pH was m easuredi

. . . . . F . . . .. . . .. I I I I I I I - - - " I

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

,i-- .i-- .i-- .~-- 0~I OJ 04 C~IT i m e ( r a i n . )

Fro. 3a. pH vs. time for 50/50 dilution of Castle Rock Water with purified H20. Measurement of pH wasdone simultaneouslywith exposure to tmimprinted 1-oscillator device. The imprinted device-exposedsolutionshows the greatest pH decline, eventually declining below 7.50. Th is solution was exposed to the imprinteddevice for five days in a closed container. The pH m easurementwas begun immediately after exposure. Notethat the initial pH starts in the equilibrium range and only begins to decline after the pH electrode is placed insolution.


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148 T I L L E R , K O H A N E , A N D D I B B L E

" I -r

6.66.56.46.36.26.16

5.95.85.75.65.5

T .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F............. i -

O OOO

! ' d ~l p7 ~ T . .. .. . .. .

- E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J r . . . . . . . . I ~ ! . . . . ~ . . . . . . . ~ - -

:' Oevtd:eOi~Fi ] ..............,........... i . . . . ! . . . . ~-. . . . . . t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~.......i i i I ~ !

. . . . . . . . ~. . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . [. . . . . . _L_ . . .. . . .. . . i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i [ . . . . . . . . . . . ; i

I I/ i i ,' . . . . . . . . . . . . . t . . . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ 9 I

I iI I I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1ii f ii I J

t i i I :, i ~ , I i ! i i...... ~. . . . . . . . . . . . q . . . . .i powered ~-os~tc~ii|-af6rdeviceP[~i :ed in Faraday~ . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cage


8/20

C A N C O N S C I O U S N E S S B E I M P R I N T E D I N T O A N E L E C T R I C A L D E V I C E .9 149

20~ ' 1 9"~ 18

:,= 17

"~14>

13

1 2 I I id,o d , j F CTr e a tm en t

FIG. 4 . Larval development time. T h e f o u r e x p e r i m e n t s c o n d u c t e d h e r e d e a l w i t h a n e n v i r o n m e n t a l t r e a t m e n te f f e c t . H e n c e , w e a d o p t e d a m o r e c o n s e r v a t i v e s t a ti s ti c a l a p p r o a c h a n d t r e a t e d t h e p o p u l a t i o n m e a n s f o r t h et r e a t m e n t s i n t h e f o u r e x p e r i m e n t s a s t h e p r i m a r y d a t a . T h e s e m e a n s a n d s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n s a r e s h o w n h e r e .L a r v a l d e v e l o p m e n t t i m e i s g i v e n a s T~r2, i n d a ys a n d t h e c o r re s p o n d i n g A N O V A i s g i v e n in T a b l e 1.


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150 TILLER, KOHANE, AND DIBBLE

T A B L E 1Larva l Deve lo pment Time

s o u r c e d f s u m o f s q u a r e s m e a n s q u a r e Fdevice/treatment 3 6,103 2.034 19.651 *error 12 1.242 0.104* indicates p


10/20

C A N C O N S C I O U S N E SS B E I M P R I N T E D I N T O A N E L E C T R I C A L D E V I C E ? 1 5 1

T A B L E 2[ A T P ] / [A D P ] R a t i o

( a ) N A Ds o u r c e d f s u m o f s q u a r e s m e a n s q u a r e Fd e v i c e / t r e a t m e n t 3 0 . 9 2 8 0 . 3 0 9 1 0 7 . 9 2 0 *e r r o r 2 8 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 0 3( b ) d n 2 0s o u r c e d f s u m o f s q u a r e s m e a n s q u a r e Fd e v i c e / t r e a t m e n t 3 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 3 0 1 7 . 7 3 3 "e r r o r 2 8 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 3* i n d i c a t e s p < 0 . 0 0 1 .

D i s c u s s i o n

F r o m t h e r o b u s t p h y s i c a l d o m a i n r e s u l t s o f t h e p r e v i o u s s e c t i o n a n d t h e s u b t l e d o m a i np r o c e d u r e s o f A p p e n d i x A , i t i s c l e a r t h a t s o m e r e l a t i v e l y l o n g - l a s t i n g l i n k a g e h a s b e e nf o r g e d b e t w e e n w h a t a p p e a r s t o b e a h i g h e r d i m e n s i o n a l e x p r e s s i o n o f n a t u r e a n d t h ec o n v e n t i o n a l f o u r - s p a c e d o m a i n o f p h y s i c a l r ea l i ty . S e e m i n g l y , " p r i m e d i r e c t i v e " in f o r m a -t i o n c o m m u n i c a t e s v i a t h i s l i n k a g e , a t t h e b e h e s t o f t h e s p e c i f i c i n t e n t i o n , a n d a c t i v a t e sl a t e n t p o s s i b i l it i e s i n t h e el e c t ri c a l d e v i c e . T h e d e v i c e , i n tu r n , v i a i t s o n / o f f s w i t c h a p p e a r st o b e a b l e t o b r o a d c a s t t h i s p r i m e d i r e c t i v e i n f o r m a t i o n t o t h e t a r g e t e x p e r i m e n t a l s e t - u pi n f l u e n c i n g c h e m i c a l r e a c t i o n s t o a d j u s t t h e m s e l v e s i n a c c o r d w i t h t h e s p e c i f i c p r i m ed i r e c t i v e . F r o m o u r p e r s p e c t i v e , w e n e e d t o f o r m u l a t e a t l e a s t c o n c e p t u a l m o d e l s f o re v e n t u a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f (1 ) l in k a g e p o s s i b il i t ie s f r o m s u b t le d o m a i n s t o p h y s i c a l d o m a i nd e v i c e s , ( 2 ) b r o a d c a s t i n g s p e c i f i c p r i m e d i r e c t i v e i n f o r m a t i o n v i a i n t e n t i o n - a u g m e n t e de l e c t r o m a g n e t i s m , a n d ( 3 ) h o w t h i s s p e c i f i c i n f o r m a t i o n c a n " t i l t " c h e m i c a l r e a c t i o n s i na p p r o p r i a t e w a y s w i t h i n t h e ta r g e t e x p e r i m e n t . O n l y a s k e t c h y b e g i n n i n g t o t h is l a r g e t a s kw i l l b e m a d e h e r e . W e w i l l b e g i n w i t h a t h e r m o d y n a m i c p e r s p e c t iv e .A. Therm odynam ic Perspective

S t a n d a r d t h e r m o d y n a m i c t h e o r y ( T il le r , 1 9 9 1 ) s t a te s t h a t th e e l e c t r o c h e m i c a l p o t e n t ia l ,rlJA , o f a p a r t i c u l a r m o i e t y , j , i n m e d i u m A i s g i v e n b y

n j = ~ tJ A + k T I n (a JA ) + z J e V + 1 / 2 (C A ~ 2 + m H A 2 ) + . . . . ( 1 )H e r e , ~ 0 = s t a n d a r d s ta t e c h e m i c a l p o t e n t i a l , T = t e m p e r a t u r e , k = B o l t z m a n n ' s c o n s t a n t , a= c h e m i c a l a c t i v i t y ( a = ? ( 7 , w h e r e C = c o n c e n t r a t i o n a n d 7 = a c t i v i t y c o e f f i c i e n t ) , e =e l e c t r o n c h a r g e , z - v a l e n c e , _ V = e l e c t r o s t a t i c p o t e n t i a l , c = e l e c t r i c a l p e r m i t t i v i t y , m =m a g n e t i c p e r m e a b i l i t y , E = e le c t r i c f i e l d a n d H = m a g n e t i c f ie l d . O n e f i n d s t h a t zJ --- + 1a n d - 1 , r e s p e c t i v e l y , f o r t h e p r o t o n a n d t h e e l e c tr o n . F r o m E q . 1 , t h e t r a n s p o r t f l u x , FJA, o ft h e j s p e c i e s i n m e d i u m A i s g i v e n i n t e r m s o f it s m o b i l i t y , M JA , b y

F j = M j V 1"1j , ( 2 )


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152 TILLER, KOHANE, AND DIBBLE

w h e r e M JA = D J A CJA /k T a n d D i s t h e d i f f u s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t . M o s t d y n a m i c c h a n g e s o c c u r -r i n g i n t h e p h y s i c a l d o m a i n i n v o l v e E q s . 1 a n d 2 . H o w e v e r , t o a p p l y t h e s e t o o u r p r e s e n ti n t e r e s t , i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o f i r s t e x p l o r e t h e o r i g i n s o f ~ t0 i n E q . ( 1 ) a n d w e s t a r t w i t h t h ee l e c t r o n .I n t h e l a t e 1 9 2 0 ' s , D i r a c u s e d r e l a t i v i s t i c q u a n t u m m e c h a n i c s ( n e g l e c t i n g p a r t i c l es e l f -e n e r g y ) t o e v a l u a t e t h e i n t er a c ti o n b e t w e e n a p h y s i c a l e l e c tr o n a n d t h e v a c u u m s ta t e( A i t c h i s o n a n d H e y , 1 9 8 2 ; M i l o n n i , 1 9 9 4 ) . H i s e q u a t i o n s p r e d i c t e d n o t o n l y t h e e x i s t e n c eo f p o s i ti v e e n e r g y s t a te s b u t a l s o a l l o w e d t h e e x i s t e n c e o f n e g a t i v e e n e r g y s o l u ti o n s. H ep o s t u l a t e d t h a t t h e v a c u u m c o n s i s t e d o f a l l t h e s e n e g a t i v e e n e r g y s t a t e s a n d t h a t t h e s es t at e s w e r e a l l f il le d . N e v e r t h e l e s s , b y s t i m u l a t i n g th e n e g a t i v e e n e r g y s t a t e s v i a a p h o t o nw i t h s u f f i c i e n t e n e r g y , a p a r t i c l e ( e l e c t r o n ) m a y b e p r o m o t e d i n t o o n e o f t h e a l l o w e dp o s i t i v e e n e r g y s ta t e s ( se e F ig . 6 ) a n d b e c o m e p h y s i c a l l y real . The h o l e s l e f t b e h i n d i n t h en e g a t i v e e n e r g y s p e c t r u m o f F i g u r e 6 a r e t h e a n t i p a r t i c l e s ( p o s i t r o n i n t h i s c a s e ) . T o d a t e ,a n t i p a r ti c l e s h a v e b e e n f o u n d e x p e r i m e n t a l l y f o r a l l t h e p a r ti c l e s th a t a r e k n o w n t o p h y s i c s( A i t c h is o n a n d H e y , 1 9 82 ). T o d a y , t h e v a c u u m i s s e e n a s a c h a o ti c s e a o f b o u n d l e s s e n e r g y( e n e r g y d e n s i t y e q u i v a l e n t to - 10 9 4 g i n s p e r c c ) w i t h i n c r e d i b l y l a rg e d e s t r u c t i v e i n t e r f e r -

E

q-

0m

I I l ( 2 2

- - I I l ( 2 e

FIG. 6. Schem atic energy spectrum associated w ith the D irac Equation. A band gap of forbidden energiesexists betw een E = -+ mc2 for p article-antiparticlecreation of total mass 2m.


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CAN CONSCIOUSNESS BE IMPRINTED INTO AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE? 153

e ne e o f v i r tua l pa r t i c l e wa ve f unc t ions . I t i s t he in t e r a c t ions be twe e n th i s v i r tua l pa r t i c l ese a a nd the e l e c t r on tha t c ons t i tu t e s the g r ound s t a t e e ne r gy , ge0 , f o r j= e = e le c t r on a tc ond i t ions o f s t a nda r d s t a t e t e m pe r a tu r e a nd p r e s su r e . Th i s sa m e a ppr oa c h a pp l i e s f o r a l le l e m e n t a r y p ar ti c le s w h i c h th e n m a y c o m b i n e to f o r m a t o m s a n d m o l e c u l e s s o t h e " b o t t o ml ine " i s t ha t go f o r a ny spe c ie s , j , i nvo lve s the in t e r a c t ion o f j w i th the non phy s ic a l s tu f ftha t c ons ti tu t es the ne ga t ive e n e r gy se a o f the va c uum .A f e w ye a r s a go , T i l l e r ( 1993 ,1997) p r opose d tha t i f , f r om a de e p m e d i t a t ive s t a t e ,f oc usse d hu m a n in te n t ion c ou ld sh i f t t he de g r e e o f c ohe r e nc e in the v i r tua l pa r t ic l e se a o fthe va c uum by e ve n a t i ny a m oun t , t he g r ound s t a t e e ne r gy o f the e l e c t r on , o the r e l e m e n-ta r y pa r t i c l e s , a tom s a nd m ole c u le s shou ld be a ppr e c ia b ly a l t e r e d . F r om th i s ba s i s , onem igh t e xpe c t tha t go c ou ld be a l t e r e d by f oc usse d hum a n in te n t ion so i t i s ne c e ssa r y toinc lude the f o l lowin g e qua t ion :

gJ0A = gJ~A + 'XgJoA, (3 )w he r e g " i s t he ba se line s t a nda r d s ta t e c he m ic a l po te n t ia l i n the ab s en c e o f d i r e c te d h u m a nin te n t ion a nd Ag O i s the c on t r ibu t ion to be a s soc ia te d wi th d i r e c te d hum a n in te n t ion . I tshou ld a l so be r e c ogn iz e d tha t e vo lu t iona r y c ha nge s in c o l l e c t ive hum a n c onsc iousne ssmight cause a dr i f t in gJ-A. I t has a lso been pos tu la ted (Ti l le r e t a l . , 1995) tha t focussedhum a n in te n t ion f r om sub t l e dom a ins p r oduc e s a c ha nge in m a gne t i c ve c to r po te n t i a l ,A A , i n o u r p h y s ic a l d o m a i n w h i c h , by o u r s t a n d a rd e q u a t i o n s o f e l e c tr o d y n a m i c s , ( K r a u sa nd C a r ve r , 1973 ; Ja c kson , 1963) p r oduc e s c ha nge s AE a nd A H in ou r a m bie n t e le c t r i cia nd m a gne t i c f i e lds . S uc h c ha nge s in AE a r e l i ke ly to c ha nge the a m bie n t e l e c t r os t a t i cpo te n t ia l , V , f r om the ba se l ine m a c r opo te n t i a l, V0 , in the a bse nc e o f f oc usse d in t e n t ion sow e a l so de f ine

V = V 0 + A V , ( 4 )wh e r e the c on t r ibu t ion AV i s a t t r ibu te d to the e f f e c t o f d i r e c te d in t en t ion . C om bin in g E qs .1 ,3 , and 4 in to a s imp ler fund am enta l s tandard s ta te format , we hav e

"qJA = gJ**~,+ k T ln(a'JA) + zie V0 (5a)a n d

fa ~ e x p+ z JeA V + I [ e A ( E + A E )a + m A ( H + A H ) 2 ] } "k T ( 5 b )

Here, a ' JA i s the e f f e c t ive c he m ic a l a ct iv ity o f spe c ie s j i n m e d iu m A a nd inc lude s a l l t hed i r e c te d in t e n t ion e f f e c t s . C le a r ly , f r om Eqs . 5a , b , bo th e l e c t r om a gne t i c f i e lds a ndi n t e n ti o n - a u g m e n t e d e l ec t ro m a g n e t i c fi el d s i n f l u e n c e t h e r m o d y n a m i c a n d k i n e t i c - - l i m i t e dpr oc e sse s in bo th o r ga n ic a nd ino r ga n ic m a te ri a ls .


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1 5 4 T I L L E R , K O H A N E , A N D D I B B L E

[ sP Rm A ii!:::-:-::;::'::';:;:::';:;::';:::':: ;'::::;';::;;::::;':;;;:':::;::';;'::;';;;;';;;:;:;;;;;:::;:::::;::;:;;:;:;::;;;;;::;;;;;:;;;:;;:;::;;::;::~:;;:;:;:;;::;;;;;;,;;::;;:-;;;;;:;::;::;:;;::-;;~:;;;:;:::;::;::;;:;=====================~:;!i;:;;;;;;:;;:;;-;;-;-;;::;;:;:;:;i;:;:;::;:;;i i ! i i i i i i ! ! i i i ! i ! i ; i i i i i i iill!if(' i i i i i ! !! i i i ! i i ! ! i i ! i i !: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

i ; : / . : ' : : / : : / ; : . : . - : i i - ! . - . ": L X X L . X / / . : ' : : / / / . : ' . : "

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. ; : ; ' . : . ; : ' : ' . : : ' : ' . : . : / : ' . : : ' : ' . : .. ; / . : . : I . : : L : : '. : : ' / / : : ' / : : "- : . , . - : : . . : : . . : : . . . . : . . . . : ,

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= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ~ P H Y S I C A LI ~ i ! ! : ! i i ! i : ~ ! ! ! : i ! : ! ~ ! : i~i!i:!Eiiii::!:!!;!i: i i:!!;i: i!;!i:~-i!i: iEi;!i;! i l l ~;i: i i: i l i l i~ii: i i: i!-: i i; i i;! i l

F I G . 7 . A v i s u a l i z a t i o n o f d u a l f o u r - s p a c e f r a m e s ( p h y s i c a l a n d c o n j u g a t e p h y s i c a l ( e t h e r i c ) ) i m b e d d e d i n an i n e - s p a c e ( e m o t i o n f r a m e ) i m b e d d e d i n a t e n - sp a c e ( m i n d f r a m e ) a n d t h is i m b e d d e d i n a n e l e v e n - s p a c e ( s p ir i tf r a m e ) .

B. Ove rview of a Prop osed Linkage ModelT i l l e r ( 1 9 9 7 ) r e c e n t l y p r o p o s e d a m u l t i d i m e n s i o n a l m o d e l o f n a t u r e t o a c c o u n t f o rs u b t l e e n e r g y p h e n o m e n a a n d h a s d e f i n e d s u b t l e e n e r g i e s a s a l l t h o s e b e y o n d g r a v i t y ,e l e c t r o m a g n e t i s m , t h e w e a k n u c l e a r f o r c e e n e r g i e s a n d t h e s t r o n g n u c l e a r f o r c e e n e r g i e s( T i l l e r , 1 9 9 3 ) . T h i s m o d e l i s m o s t s i m p l y i l l u s t r a t e d v i a F i g u r e 7 w h e r e i n o u r f a m i l i a r 4 -


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C A N C O N S C I O U S N E S S B E I M P R I N T E D I N T O A N E L E C T R I C A L D E V IC E.'? 155

s p a c e h a s a d u a l p a r t n e r t o c o m p r i s e a u n i q u e 8 - s p a c e . T h e d u a l 4 - s p a c e s a r e ( a) o u r d i r e c t4 - s p a c e ( p h y s i c a l o r D - s p a c e ) a n d ( b ) i ts r e c i p r o c a l 4 - s p a c e ( c o n j u g a t e p h y s i c a l , e t h e r i c o rR - s p a c e ) . T h i s 8 - s p a c e i s e m b e d d e d i n a 9 - s p a c e ( t h e e m o t i o n d o m a i n ) a n d t h i s , i n t u r n , i se m b e d d e d i n a 1 0 - s p a ce ( t h e m i n d d o m a i n ) w h i l e t h e e m b e d d i n g f r a m e f o r al l o f t h is i s th ed o m a i n o f s p i r i t ( T i l l e r , 1 9 9 7 ) . H o w t h e s e n e s t e d d o m a i n s a r e p r o p o s e d t o s y n e r g i s t i c a l l yw o r k t o g e t h e r to t r a n s f e r i n te n t io n f r o m t h e d o m a i n o f s p ir it to t h e p h y s i c a l d o m a i n o f o u rc o g n i t i v e a w a r e n e s s i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n F i g u r e 8 . T h e i n t e n t i o n i s f i r s t i m p r i n t e d o n t h e 1 0 -d i m e n s i o n a l n o d a l n e t w o r k o f th e m i n d d o m a i n . T h i s p r im a r y i m p r i n t is t r a n s f e r r e d v i a ad i f f r a c t io n - t y p e p r o c e s s t o y i e ld b o t h a s e c o n d a r y i m p r i n t o n t h e n o d a l n e t w o r k o f R - s p a c ea n d t h e a c t i v a t i o n o f a s p e c i a l e m o t i o n d o m a i n s u b s t a n c e ( c a l l e d d e l t r o n s ) . T h e s e d e l t r o n sa l l o w c o u p l i n g b e t w e e n t h e R - s p a c e i m p r i n t a n d t h e n o d a l n e t w o r k o f D - s p a c e . I t i s t h i sD - s p a c e i m p r i n t t h a t s e t s i n m o t i o n a l l f o r m s o f a c t i o n i n t h e p h y s i c a l d o m a i n ( T i l l e r ,1 9 9 7 ). I n t h is r e g a r d , o n e c a n t h i n k o f t h e d e l t r o n s a s b e i n g l i k e t h e " t o n e r " i n a p h o t o c o p ym a c h i n e . W i t h o u t t o n e r , n o i m a g e c a n b e t r a n sf e r re d . F o r m o s t o f t h e f o ll o w i n g , w e n e e do n l y c o n c e r n o u r s e l v e s w i t h D - s p a c e , R - s p a c e a n d d e l t r o n s .

M i n d

E t h e r i cS u b s t a n c eD e l t r o nS u b s t a n c e

D a y - t o - D a y - S e l fI n t e n t i o n

F r a m eE m o t i o n

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F r a m e

Phys ica l 5S u b s t a n c e M a t e r i a l i z a t i o nI n t e n t i o n of

FI6. 8: Illustration of one possible process path w hereby spirit produces action in the physical domain.


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156 TILLER, KOHANE, AND DIBBLESince th e na tura l co ordina tes for D -space a re (x , y , z , t ) and for R -spa ce a re (x - l ,y -1,z - l , t -1) , th is dua l pa i r provide , qui te na tura l ly , both par t ic le and wave express ions for

subs ta nc e . U t i l i z ing a F our i e r t r a ns f o r m r e l a t ionsh ip be twe e n c on juga te subs ta nc e s f unc -t ion ing in the se dua l f ou r - spa c e s ( T i l l e r , 1997) , i t ha s be e n poss ib le to show ( 1 ) tha t t heR - spa c e sub s ta nc e ha s ne ga t ive e ne r gy a nd thus f o r m s the f ir s t l a ye r o f subs t r uc tu r e in th eva c uum , ( 2 ) tha t t h i s R - spa c e subs ta nc e f o r m s the de B r og l i e p i lo t wa ve s c on juga te tophysica l par t ic les , tha t they exhib i t ve loc i ty proper t ies fas te r than physica l l ight and i t i sp r opose d tha t t he y a l so ha ve a m a g ne t i c m ono po le na tu re . A spe c ia l i nve r s ion m i r r o r - typer e la t ionsh ip se e m s to e x i s t be twe e n subs ta nc e s o f the se two spa c e s w i th M a xwe l l - typeequa t ions exis t ing in each (Ti l le r , 1997, 1999) . F ina l ly , i t can be shown tha t var ia t ion ofthe undu la t ion in t e rva l s o f the wa ve - l ike , R - spa c e subs ta nc e c on t r o l s the pos i t ion , ve loc i ty ,a c c e le r a t ion a nd loc us o f the pa r t i c le - l ike m oie t i e s in the "n ow " o f D- sp a c e ( T i l le r , 1999) .F or ou r pu r pose s he r e , we f oc us on the de B r og l i e p i lo t w a ve a spe c t a nd the M a xw e l l - typee qua t ion a spe c t o f th i s R - spa c e subs ta nc e to ga in a be g inn ing unde r s t a nd ing o f how theI I E D ' s c a n b r oa dc a s t t he p r im e d i r e c tive a nd ho w th i s spe c i fi c in f o r m a t ion m igh t in f lue n c ec he m ic a l r e a c t ions in t a r ge t e xpe r im e n t s . Howe ve r , be f o r e do ing so , l e t u s c ons ide r thespe c i f i c e xa m ple o f the de ns i ty p r ope r ty o f a D- spa c e sha pe a nd i t s c on juga te R - spa c ewa ve m odu lus pa t t e r n ( T i l l e r a nd C ue nde t , 1999) . Th i s shou ld he lp the r e a de r be g in tov i s u a li z e s o m e t h i n g o f R - s p a ce b e h a v i o r b e f o r e w e m o v e t o t h e f o l l o w i n g k e y s e c ti o n .C. R-space Patterns Associated with D-Space Shapes

X- r a y c r ys t a llog r a phe r s de ve lop e d the c onc e p t o f the r e c ip r oc a l l at t ic e in the e a r ly pa r to f th i s c e n tu r y a nd the im por ta nc e o f the F our i e r t r a ns f o r m (b -T) to the p r oc e ss o f d i f fr a c -t ion be c a m e a ppr e c ia te d . Th i s e ve n tua l ly l e d to the ge ne r a l i z e d c on c e p t o f r e c ip r oc a l spa c ewhe r e in the pha se va r i a t ion a long a l i ne in r e c ip r oc a l spa c e no r m a l to a p l a ne in d i r e c tspa c e i s c on t r o l l e d by the d i s t a nc e , s , o f t he p la ne f r om the o r ig in ( B ue r ge r , 1960) . Theva lue o f the r e c ip r oc a l a t a po in t w i th d i s t a nc e k a long the no r m a l to the p la ne o f we igh t ingis jus t co exp (2~ isk) . Thus , d ef in ing Ps as the de ns i ty o f a par t icu la r qu a l i ty in a d i rec tspace objec t , the conjuga te qua l i ty in rec iproca l space i s g iven by the FT, F (k) , and v iseve r sa . T r a ns f o r m a t ion f r om one spa c e to the o the r, T , a nd the r e ve r se t r a ns f o r m a t ion , T -1 ,a r e, f o r one d im e ns ion ,

1 ~Ps e-i27~s~ (6a)T : F ( k ) = a / ~ O-space

1 S F ( k ) e +i2 rc S.kd k" (6 b )T - l P s ( S ) = . x ~ R - sp a c e

As i s we l l known , D- spa c e , t o R - spa c e t r a ns f o r m a t ions o f a ny num be r o f d im e ns ions c a nbe t rea ted in th is way (B raceweU, 1965; K om rska , 1991) .One o f the m os t in t r igu ing f e a tu r e s a s soc ia t e d wi th b r oa de n ing ou r pe r spe c t ive on theuse o f the se F our i e r m a te s e xpr e s se d in Eqs . 6a , b , a r e tha t t he y im pl i c i t ly e m body wa vea nd pa r t i c le e xpr e s s ions o f a pa r ti c u la r qua l i ty tha t one c a n d i sc r im in a te f o r ou r D - spa c e


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CAN CONSCIOUSNESS BE IMPRINTED INTO AN ELECTRICAL DEV ICE.9 157

~'!iilt

._~

FI6.9: Comp arison plot of I (modulus) versus ky (wa ve number) plots for the six 1D objects shown.


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158 T I L L E R , K O H A N E , A N D D I B B L E

o b j e c t. T h u s , o n e o f th e c o r n e r s t o n e s o f q u a n t u m m e c h a n i c s i s i m p l i c i tl y b u i l t i n to p h y s i c sw h e n o n e a t t e n d s t o b o t h D - s p a c e a n d R - s p a c e c o u n t e r p a r t s o f a n o b j e c t . I n t e r e s t i n g l y ,non - l oc a l e f f e c t s a r e a l s o na t u ra l l y bu i l t i n be c a u s e t he qua l i t y de ns i t y i n a pa r t i c u l a r s m a l lr e g i o n o f D - s p a c e i s g i v e n i n t e r m s o f a n i n t e g r a l o v e r t h e e n t i r e d o m a i n o f R - s p a c e a n dt h u s s e p a r a te d D - s p a c e r e g i o n s a r e c o n n e c t e d t o e a c h o t h e r v i a t h e to t a l R - s p a c e d o m a i n .T o i n c r e a se g e n e r a l a w a r e n e s s o f t hi s d u a l a s p e c t o f D - s p a c e o b j e c ts , l e t u s c o n s i d e r t h eR - s p a c e n o r m a l i z e d m o d u l u s , In , f o r a s e ri es o f o n e - d i m e n s i o n a l ( l - D ) o b j e c t s w h e r e

I n = [ ( F T ) ( F T * ) ] I / 2 [ V . (7 )H e r e , F T * i s t h e c o m p l e x c o n j u g a t e o f b- rf a n d V i s t h e o b j e c t v o l u m e in D - S p a c e . I nF i g u r e 9 , th e D - s p a c e 1 -D o b j e c t s ar e s h o w n o n t h e l e f t ( t h e l in e s h a v e - z e r o w i d t h ) w i t ht he y - a x i s ve r t i c a l a nd t he x - a x i s ho r i z on t a l . O n t he r i gh t , f o r t he t op fou r ob j e c t s , I n i sp l o t t e d a s a func t i o n o f t he w a ve n um be r , ky , i n R - s pa c e , ( fo r t he bo t t o m t w o , i t i s k a l ongone o f t he a rms ) . I n t he mi dd l e , s e c t i on p l o t s o f I n ve r s us kx (ho r i z on t a l d i r e c t i on ) a nd ky(ve r t i c a l d i r e c t i on ) a r e g i ve n (T i l l e r a nd C ue nde t , 1999) . I t i s pa r t i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t i ng t on o t e ( 1) t h e i n t e r f e r e n c e p r o d u c e d i n t h e f i rs t l i n e ' s I n - m a p b y t h e p r e s e n c e o f a s e c o n di de n t i c a l li ne d i s p l a c e d s l i gh t l y in t he x -d i r e c t i on , (2 ) f o r t he t r i a ng l e - s ha p e d l i ne , I n do e sn o t d e c a y t o z e r o a s k , a l o n g o n e o f t h e a r m s , i n c r e as e s a n d ( 3 ) t h e r e m a r k a b l y d i f f e r e n t I n-pa t t e rns fo r t he 6 D - s pa c e l i ne ob j e c t s (T i l l e r a nd C ue nde t , 1999) . R - s pa c e ma ps o f t h i ss o r t c a n b e c a l c u l a te d f o r 2 - D , 3 - D . .. . N - D o b j e c ts a n d t h e f o l l o w i n g i m p o r t a n t q u e s t i o na r i s e s : " C a n h u m a n s d e v e l o p c o g n i t i v e a w a r e n e s s o f t h e s e R - s p a c e c o u n t e r p a r t s t oD - s p a c e o b j e c t s? "P r i b r a m ( 1 9 9 1 ) h a s w r i tt e n e x t e n s i v e ly o n t h e b r a i n p r o c e s s e s i n v o l v e d i n v i s u a l i m a g -i n g . F r o m h i s v i e w p o i n t , a D - s p a c e i n f o r m a t i o n p a tt e r n e n t e rs t h e b o d y v i a t h e c i r c u la r l e n so f t he e ye a n d , e ve n t ua l l y , i t a c t i va t e s t he i np u t a nd o pe ra t o r ne u ron s o f t he b r a i n ' s c o r t i c a lc o l u m n s . T h i s l e a d s t o o v e r l a p p i n g r e c e p t i v e fi e ld s o f i n t e r n e u r o n s , w h i c h a r e t u n a b l e b ya da p t a t i on a nd ha b i t ua t i on . Ea c h i n t e rne u ron t hus a c t s l i ke a b i n i n a c ompu t e r t ha t s t o r e st h e a v e r a g e s o f t h e p a r t o f t h e p a t t e r n t o w h i c h i t h a s b e e n e x p o s e d . T h e e n s e m b l e o fr e c e p t i ve f i e l d s (b i ns ) s t o r e s t he a ve ra ge pa t t e rn . W he n one p l o t s t he s e r e c e p t i ve f i e l dp a t te r n s , t h e y b e a r a m a r k e d c o r r e l a ti o n t o t h e G a b o r f u n c t i o n ( l ik e t h e H a r t le y f u n c t i o n ,t h e G a b o r f u n c t i o n is a F T o v e r a f in i te r a t h e r th a n o v e r a n i n f in i t e d i s ta n c e ) o f t h e D - s p a c epa t t e rn i m p i n g i n g on t he i r i s o f t he e y e (T i l le r , 1997) .A ge ne ra l v i e w o f t h is , t he n , i s t ha t c o r ti c a l ne u ron s a c t li ke i nd i v i du a l r e c e i v i ng a n t e n -n a s i n a l a r g e a r r a y c o n v e r t i n g t h e D - s p a c e i n f o r m a t i o n i n t o a d i f f r a c t i o n p a t t e r n w h o s em a t h e m a t i c a l re p r e s e n ta t i o n is v e r y c l o s e t o t h e p a r t ic u l a r F T . T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n c o n v e r s i o nt o t h e f r e q u e n c y d o m a i n a p p e a r s t o b e i d e a l f o r s u b s e q u e n t b r a i n p r o c e s s i n g a n d b r a i np e r c e p t io n . C o n s c i o u s a w a r e n e s s o f t h e o u t e r w o r l d i n f o r m a t i o n p a t te r n a l s o r e q u i r e s t h eo c c u r r e n c e o f a n i n v e r s e F T i n th e l a te r s t a g es o f t h e p r o c e s s i n g c h a i n . F o r o u r p u r p o s e sh e r e , th i s in d i c a t es t h a t b o t h R - s p a c e a n d D - s p a c e i n f o r m a t i o n m a p s o f t h e p r i m a r y i n p u ti n f o r m a t i o n a r e a v a i la b l e a t s o m e u n i q u e l o c a t i o n o f o u r b r a i n s w h i c h s u g g e s t s t h a t it m a yi n d e e d b e p o s s i b l e f o r h u m a n s t o h a v e c o g n i t i v e a w a r e n e s s o f t h e R - s p a c e b a n d i n t h eo v e r a l l s p e c t r u m o f r e al it y !D. F ul f il l ing the Pr ime Direc t ive v ia R-space In terac tions

I n 1 9 2 4, d e B r o g l i e p o s tu l a t e d th a t t h e m o t i o n o f a p h y s i c a l p a r t ic l e is g o v e r n e d b y t h ep r o p a g a t i o n o f c e r t a i n " p i l o t w a v e s " w h i c h a r e i n t i m a t e l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e p a r t i c l e


18/20

C A N C O N S C I O U S N E S S B E IM P R I N T E D IN T O A N E L E C T R I C A L D E V I C E ? 159

( Bo h m , 1 9 5 1; E i s b e r g , 1 9 61 ). T h e w a v e l e n g th , ~,, t h e f r e q u e n c y v , a n d t h e v e lo c i t y , v ' =VR, o f t h e s e p i l o t w a v e s a s s o c i a t e d w i th a p a r t i c l e o f m o m e n tu m , p , v e lo c i t y v = v D , a n dt o t al r e l a ti v i st i c e n e r g y , E , a r e g i v e n i n t e r m s o f P l a n c k ' s c o n s t a n t , h , b y

h E (8a)~ , = - ; v = - - a n d v R = v ~ , = Ep h pR e l a t i v is t ic m e c h a n i c s r e q u i r e s t h a t

VRVD = c 2, (8 b )w h e r e c = l i gh t v e l o c i t y . S i n c e v o < c , a l w a y s , VR > C , a l w a y s a n d t h e w a v e s m a k i n g u p t h ep i l o t g r o u p , w h i c h l o o k s q u a l i t a t i v e l y a s s h o w n i n F i g u r e 1 0 , m u s t b e c o n s i d e r e d a si n f o rm a t i o n w a v e s . T h e p h y s i c a l p a r ti c le m u s t b e s o m e w h e r e w i t h in t h i s e n v e l o p e w i t h ap o s i t i o n u n c e r t a i n t y o f A x . W i t h t h e s e w a v e s b e i n g R - s p a c e w a v e s , t h e r e i s a c o n j u g a t ef r e q u e n c y u n c e r t a i n t y l e a d i n g to A k = l /A x a n d t h is q u i t e n a t u r a l ly l e a d s t o t h e m a t h e m a t i c a ls t a t e m e n t f o r th e H e i s e n b e r g u n c e r t a i n t y p ri n c i p l e v i a E q . 8 a ( E i s b e r g , 1 9 61 ); i .e .,

0,i oIIq.GH A A . A A Av v v V v L~X

( a )

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~ 0Me t c . _ ~

X

(b )F IG . 10 . ( a ) A g r o u p o f p i l o t w a v e s f o r a p h y s i c a l p a r t i c l e l o c a t e d s o m e w h e r e i n t h e g r o u p a n d ( b ) T h e s u m

o f t w o s i n u s o i d a l w a v e s o f s l i g h t l y d i f f e r e n t f r e q u e n c i e s a n d w a v e n u m b e r s , k , T h e w a v e s p r o p a g a t e a tv e l o c i t y v " w h i l e t h e g r o u p p r o p a g a t e s a t v e l o c i t y v .


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Ax Apx = h/27r. (8c )T h i s c e r t a i n l y t e n d s t o v a l i d a t e t h e q u a n t u m e x i s t e n c e o f d e B r o g l i e ' s p i l o t w a v e s p l u st h e i r d o m a i n o f o r ig i n a s R - s p a c e .F r o m t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t s , o n e c a n c o n c l u d e t h a t t h e I I E D s h a v e a r e a l e f f e c t o np h y s i c a l m a t e r i a l s , i n o r g a n i c a n d o r g a n i c . T h e s i m p l e s t p o s t u l a t e w o u l d s e e m t o b e t h a ts u c h e f f e c ts a r e r e l at e d t o t h e E M w a v e s e m i t t e d b y t h e o s c il la t o rs i n t h e d e v i c e s . H o w -e v e r , th e s e E M w a v e s a r e a c tu a l ly p h o t o n s , a lb e i t p h o t o n s w i t h v e r y l o n g w a v e l e n g t h s a n dq u i t e l o w e n e r g y . A s s u c h , e a c h h a s a d e B r o g l i e p i l o t w a v e b u i l t f r o m R - s p a c e c o m p o -n e n t s . O n e p r e s u m e s t h a t i t i s n o t t h e D - s p a c e i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e p h o t o n s a n d t h ew a t e r o r f ru i t f l y l a rva e t ha t p rod uc e s t he s e une x pe c t e d r e s u l ts bu t , r a the r , i t is t he R - s pa c ec o u n t e r p a r ts o f t h e p h o t o n s t h a t ar e i n t e r a ct i n g w i th t h e R - s p a c e c o u n t e r p a r t s o f t h e w a t e ro r l a rv a e t o d r i v e t h e s e c h a n g e s . A t t h is e a r ly s t ag e i n o u r u n d e r s t a n d i n g , w e c o u l d u s e t h er u b r ic i n t e n t i o n - a u g m e n t e d E M F ' s t o i n d ic a t e t h a t s o m e n e w t y p e o f a s so c i a t io n w i t hE M - w a v e s h a s o c c u r r e d w h i c h a l l o w s a s p e c if i c in t e n t io n t o i n te r a c t w i t h t h e t a rg e t . T h ea c t ua l de t a i l s o f t h i s R - s pa c e i n t e r a c t i on a nd how t he de t a i l e d c ha nge s a t t ha t l e ve l f e e db a c k i n to s p e c i f ic D - s p a c e a l te r a ti o n s is b e y o n d t h e s c o p e o f t h is p a p e r . H o w e v e r , a s i m p l ec o n c e p t u a l p i c t u r e c a n b e g i v e n .A s pe c i f i c i n t e n t i on t o be fu l f i l l e d i n D - s pa c e r e qu i r e s a c e r t a i n s e t o f p roc e s s e s i nD -s p a c e t o ope ra t e i n a pa r t i c u l a r w a y . T h i s , in t u rn , r e qu i r e s tha t a c e r t a i n t he r m od yn a m i cp o t e n t i al m a p b e a p p l i e d to D - s p a c e w i t h t h e r a te o f f u l fi l lm e n t o f t h e i n t e n t i o n i n D - s p a c eb e i n g d e t e r m i n e d b y E q . 2 . D e f i n i n g t h is t h e r m o d y n a m i c p o t e n t i al m a p i n t e r m s o f c e r t a i ng e o m e t r i c a l f i el d s a n d p o t e n t i a ls i n D - s p a c e, t h e R - s p a c e c o u n t e r p a r t s o f t h e s e a r e g i v e n b yv a r i o u s F T ' s . I t i s p r o p o s e d t h a t t h e r e i s a l a w f u l w a y w h e r e b y t h e h i g h e r d i m e n s i o n a li n t e n t io n c a n b e f i r st e x p r e s s e d i n R - s p a c e b y t h e s e s p e c if i c F F ' s s o t h a t t h e i n v e r s e F T ' st h e n a c t a s f o r c e s o n D - s p a c e t o c a u s e t h e s e d e s ir e d m a n i f e s ta t i o n s t o e v e n t u a l l y a p p e a r i nD - s p a c e . I f w e t a k e t h e e x a m p l e o f p H c h a n g e i n w a t e r as o u r t a rg e t , th e n s o m e o f t h e D -s p a c e p r o c e s s e s th a t m i g h t b e i n v o l v e d w o u l d b e ( 1 ) th e d i s s o c ia t io n r e a c t io n o f H 2 0 , ( 2 )t he s o l ub i l i t y r e a c t i ons o f C O 2 a nd 02 i n w a t e r , a nd (3 ) a ny a c i d o r ba s e d i s s oc i a t i onr e a c t i o n f o r d o p a n t s p e c i e s p r e s e n t i n t h e w a t e r . A l t e r a t i o n s a t t h e v a c u u m l e v e l m i g h tc h a n g e t h e e q u i l ib r i u m c o n s t a n t s f o r t h e se c h e m i c a l re a c t io n s s u f f ic i e n t ly t o b r i n g a b o u tt h e d e s i r e d c h a n g e s .E. Other Considerations

Ea r l y on i n t h i s e xpe r i me n t a l p rog ra m, i t w a s d i s c ove re d t ha t , e ve n i n t he e l e c t r i c a l l ys w i t c h e d - o f f s ta te , s o m e f o r m o f in f o r m a t i o n l e a k a g e w a s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n t h e i m p r i n t e dd e v i c e a n d t h e u n i m p r i n t e d c o n t r o l d e v i c e . T h i s m a n i f e s t e d a s a t e m p o r a l l y d e c r e a s i n gd i f f e r e n c e i n t h e r e s u l ts f o u n d w h e n t h e d e v i c e s w e r e s e p a ra t el y u s e d i n t h e t a r g e t e x p e r i -me n t . The u l t i ma t e s o l u t i on t o t h i s d i f f i c u l t y w a s t o s t o r e e a c h de v i c e i n i t s ow n e l e c t r i -c a l l y g r o u n d e d F a r a d a y c a g e a f t e r f i r s t c o m p l e t e l y w r a p p i n g i t i n a l u m i n u m f o i l . T h et h e o r e t i c a l r a t i o n a l e u s e d h e r e w a s t h a t s u b t l e d o m a i n s u b s t a n c e i n t e r a c t s v i a a p r o c e s sw i t h D - s p a c e s u b s t a n c e m a n i f e s t i n g a m a g n e t i c v e c t o r p o t e n t ia l c o n t r i b u t i o n z k A , a t t h eD- spa ce /R -spa ce in te r face (T i l l e r e t a l. , 1995) . T hi s i s thou gh t to be a type__of eq ui l ib r iu mp a r t it io n i n g . S i n c e i t i s w e l l k n o w n f r o m s ta n d a r d e le c t r o d y n a r n ic s t h a t A A p r o d u c e s a ne l e c t r i c f i e l d e f f e c t , A E , a nd a ma gne t i c f i e l d e f f e c t , A H (K ra us a nd C a rve r , 1973 ;J a c k s o n , 1 9 6 3 ) , t h e n e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c r a d i a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e d e v i c e s ( e v e n i n t h e " o f f "


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C AN C ONSC I OUSNESS B E I MPR INTED I NTO AN EL EC TR I C AL DEVI C E.9 161

state) and the environment might allow information transfer. This, in turn, would tend toreduce AA which would, in turn, reduce the intention "charge" in the subtle domain. Inany event, although not perfect, this procedure has allowed the intention "charge" to bestored in the devices for -3 months and has greatly diminished the apparent communica-tion between the two devices.Returning to the question posed by the title of this paper, the devices exhibit a form ofintelligence and follow the prime directive indicated by the specific intention. Moreover,they appear free to select from among the possible process paths to fulfill this primedirective. Whether or not they are also free to deny the prime directive is not yet apparentin our experimental results. Without a clear definition of consciousness, it will not bepossible to make a final judgement on this issue; however, at our present level of under-standing, it is probably reasonable to conclude that an IIED does manifest some aspects ofconsciousness !

A c k n o w l e d gm e n t sThis work was partially supported by Ditron, LLC. The use of laboratory space in theBiology and Environmental Engineering Departments at Stanford University is gratefullyacknowledged.

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