cambridge international examinations cambridge ...nov 07, 2017 · c organ system tissue cell d...

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.
IB17 11_0610_11/3RP © UCLES 2017 [Turn over
*0846476635*
BIOLOGY 0610/11
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. Electronic calculators may be used.
2
A growth
B nutrition
C movement
D respiration 2 The table shows the scientific names of four members of the cat family.
common name scientific name
A All four cats are members of the same species.
B The leopard and the ocelot are members of the same genus.
C The leopard, lion and tiger are members of the same genus.
D The leopard, lion and tiger are members of the same species. 3 The diagram shows a type of tooth.
crown
root
Use the key to identify the tooth.
1 the root is divided into two parts ............................................................... go to 2
the root is not divided into two parts ......................................................... go to 3
2 the height of the crown is greater than the length of the root ................... A
the height of the crown is less than the length of the root ........................ B
3 flattened crown ......................................................................................... C
© UCLES 2017 0610/11/O/N/17 [Turn over
4 The diagram shows a student’s drawing of guard cells.
Which label is not correct?
A cell membrane
B cytoplasm
C vacuole
D cell wall 5 The diagrams show a leaf and its internal structure.
1
2
3
What are the levels of organisation of the labelled structures?
1 2 3
B organ cell tissue
D tissue cell organ
© UCLES 2017 0610/11/O/N/17
6 The diagram shows an insect as seen using the low power lens of a microscope.
The actual diameter of the circle is 0.3 cm.
What is the approximate size of this insect in millimetres?
A 0.1 mm B 1.0 mm C 2.0 mm D 3.0 mm 7 The diagram shows part of a section through a leaf.
Which arrow represents the diffusion of oxygen during photosynthesis?
leaf cells xylem
A pressure inwards on the cell vacuoles
B pressure inwards on the chloroplasts
C pressure outwards on the cell walls
D pressure outwards on the nuclei
5
9 Which of these is digested by protease?
A
B
C
D
10 Which enzyme is used to produce clear apple juice?
A amylase
B lipase
C pectinase
D protease 11 What is the optimum pH for stomach enzymes?
A pH 2 B pH 7 C pH 9 D pH 12 12 What are the raw materials necessary for photosynthesis?
A carbon dioxide and water
B light and a suitable temperature
C oxygen and carbon dioxide
D water and a suitable temperature 13 In plants, which substance contains magnesium ions?
A cellulose
B chlorophyll
C haemoglobin
D starch 14 What must be increased in the diet of a person suffering from constipation?
A fats
B fibre
C iron
D protein
B Fats are digested into simpler sugars.
C Starch is digested into simpler sugars.
D Starch is digested into amino acids. 16 The diagram shows the human alimentary canal, with a string marked in metres beside it.
oesophagus
anus
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
How long is the small intestine?
A 2 m B 6 m C 8 m D 9 m 17 What is a description of transpiration?
A exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere
B loss of water vapour from the leaves and stems of a plant
C movement of water from the roots to the leaves
D movement of water through the cells of the leaf
7
18 Which tissue transports water from the roots to the leaves in a plant?
A cortex
B epidermis
C mesophyll
D xylem 19 On which organ is an ECG performed?
A brain
B colon
C ear
D heart 20 The diagram shows a cross-section through a human blood vessel.
elastic and fibrous connective tissue
muscle layer
A an artery
B a capillary
C a vein
D a ventricle 21 Which are both chemical barriers to the transmission of pathogens?
A mucus and stomach acid
B mucus and white blood cells
C skin and hairs in the nose
D skin and stomach acid
8
© UCLES 2017 0610/11/O/N/17
22 The table shows the approximate composition of inspired and expired air.
gas percentage of gas in inspired air
percentage of gas in expired air
P 78.10 78.10
Q 20.90 16.00
R variable variable
S 0.04 4.00
A carbon dioxide
23 In an experiment to investigate anaerobic respiration, two bottles are set up in a warm room, as shown.
balloon
P Q
© UCLES 2017 0610/11/O/N/17
24 The diagram represents the exchange of gases during breathing and during respiration in the body.
carbon dioxide in blood
X Y
B lungs body cells
C body cells air
D body cells lungs 25 The table shows information about urea.
Which row is correct?
organ that makes urea
organ that excretes urea
A amino acids kidney bladder
B amino acids liver kidney
C fatty acids kidney bladder
D fatty acids liver kidney 26 What is the most important function of sweating?
A to remove excess heat from the body
B to remove excess salts from the body
C to remove excess urea from the body
D to remove excess water from the body
11
27 What shows the order in which these structures are involved in a reflex action?
A effector → motor neurone → relay neurone → sensory neurone → receptor
B effector → sensory neurone → motor neurone → relay neurone→ receptor
C receptor → sensory neurone → relay neurone → motor neurone → effector
D receptor → motor neurone → sensory neurone → relay neurone→ effector 28 The diagram shows a person sweating in hot weather.
What part is played by sweat glands during the process of sweating?
A effector
B receptor
C sense organ
D stimulus 29 The diagram shows the gas exchange surface of a person who has just smoked a cigarette. Substance P can cause cancer.
P moisture
alveolus wall
© UCLES 2017 0610/11/O/N/17
30 Which method of birth control works by preventing an egg from being released?
A condom
C monitoring body temperature
D vasectomy 31 Which environmental factor is not always a requirement for seed germination?
A light
B oxygen
C suitable temperature
D water 32 Four processes involved in labour and birth are shown.
1 cutting the umbilical cord
2 contraction of muscles in the uterus wall
3 dilation of the cervix
4 passage of the baby through the vagina
In which sequence do these events normally occur?
A 2 → 3 → 1 → 4
B 2 → 3 → 4 → 1
C 3 → 2 → 1 → 4
D 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 33 In some mammals the allele for brown coat colour is dominant to the allele for white coat colour.
Which percentage of offspring will be white if a cross is made between two heterozygous mammals?
A 0% B 25% C 50% D 100%
13
34 Which term is defined as a length of DNA that codes for a protein?
A amino acid
B chromosome
C gene
D mutation 35 What makes tongue rolling an example of discontinuous variation?
A A person can roll their tongue only when they are young.
B There are many different types of tongue rollers.
C Tongue rolling has to be learnt.
D Tongue rolling is something that a person either can or cannot do. 36 What is shown by the widest block in a pyramid of numbers for a grassland ecosystem?
A all the consumers in the pyramid
B the carnivores in the pyramid
C the organisms at the top of the pyramid
D the producers in the pyramid 37 A food chain is shown.
potato plant → slug → hedgehog
By which process is energy transferred from the potato plant to the slug?
A egestion
B excretion
C ingestion
D photosynthesis
© UCLES 2017 0610/11/O/N/17
38 A farmer put some fertiliser on his field. Some of the fertiliser drained into a nearby lake.
land with fertiliser
lake plants
What is the effect of the fertiliser on the growth of the crop plants in the field and the plants in the lake?
crop plant growth
lake plant growth
A decreased decreased
B decreased increased
C increased decreased
D increased increased 39 The diagrams show the depth and rate of breathing in a person at 12.00 pm and 1.00 pm.
volume
0.5 dm3
What happens to the person’s breathing between 12.00 pm and 1.00 pm?
depth of breathing
rate of breathing
A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases
© UCLES 2017 0610/11/O/N/17
40 The table shows the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in three different years.
year 1930 1980 1990
What is the most likely cause of this change?
A destruction of rainforests
D rise in the sea level
16
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2017 0610/11/O/N/17
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The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
IB17 11_0610_21/4RP © UCLES 2017 [Turn over
*6977353268*
BIOLOGY 0610/21
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. Electronic calculators may be used.
2
© UCLES 2017 0610/21/O/N/17
1 Which term is defined as all the chemical reactions that occur in cells?
A photosynthesis
C respiration
D metabolism 2 The diagram shows a section of DNA from a chimpanzee.
A G C T A C A G A G
Which diagram shows a section of DNA from the organism that is most closely related to the chimpanzee?
AA G C T A C A G A T
AB G C T A C A G T T
AC T C A A C A G T T
AD T C T A C A G T T 3 The length of a mitochondrion in a photomicrograph is 15 mm.
The actual length of the mitochondrion is 3 µm.
What is the magnification of the photomicrograph?
A ×5 B ×45 C ×5000 D ×45 000
3
4 The diagrams show a leaf and its internal structure.
1
2
3
What are the levels of organisation of the labelled structures?
1 2 3
B organ cell tissue
C organ system tissue cell
D tissue cell organ 5 Different factors affect the rate of diffusion of molecules across a membrane.
Which row represents changes to factors that will increase the rate of diffusion?
concentration
4
© UCLES 2017 0610/21/O/N/17
6 A red blood cell and a palisade mesophyll cell are placed in a solution which has a higher water potential than the cells.
What will happen to each cell?
red blood cell palisade mesophyll cell
A bursts bursts
C loses mass gains mass
D loses mass loses mass 7 The diagram shows a protease molecule catalysing the break down of a protein molecule.
R
P
Q
S
What are the parts labelled P, Q, R and S?
enzyme product substrate active site
A P Q R S
B R S P Q
C S P Q R
D S R Q P
5
8 The diagram shows the structure of part of a DNA molecule.
X
A Enzymes become part of the product.
B Lowering the pH always slows down the reaction rate.
C Raising the temperature always increases the reaction rate.
D The specificity of an enzyme depends on the shape of its active site. 10 Which enzyme is used to produce clear apple juice?
A amylase
B lipase
C pectinase
D protease 11 Which structure would be found in large numbers in cells that have a high energy requirement?
A chloroplast
© UCLES 2017 0610/21/O/N/17
12 What must be increased in the diet of a person suffering from constipation?
A fats
B fibre
C iron
D protein 13 Which disease can be caused by a deficiency of iron in the diet?
A anaemia
B kwashiorkor
C marasmus
D rickets 14 The diagram shows the human alimentary canal, with a string marked in metres beside it.
oesophagus
anus
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
How long is the small intestine?
A 2 m B 6 m C 8 m D 9 m
7
15 The graph shows the concentration of oxygen in the air spaces of a green leaf of a plant during a 12-hour period.
concentration
time
X
Which statement about carbon dioxide in the air spaces during time X is correct?
A Carbon dioxide is being produced because the rate of photosynthesis is greater than the rate of respiration.
B Carbon dioxide is being produced because the rate of respiration is greater than the rate of photosynthesis.
C Carbon dioxide is being used because the rate of photosynthesis is greater than the rate of respiration.
D Carbon dioxide is being used because the rate of respiration is greater than the rate of photosynthesis.
16 What is a description of transpiration?
A exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere
B loss of water vapour from the leaves and stems of a plant
C movement of water from the roots to the leaves
D movement of water through the cells of the leaf
8
© UCLES 2017 0610/21/O/N/17
17 The diagram shows the vessels associated with the flow of fluids to and from body cells.
Which is the lymph vessel?
A
D
C
B
18 The diagram shows a cross-section through a human blood vessel.
elastic and fibrous
A an artery
B a capillary
C a vein
D a ventricle 19 Which are both chemical barriers to the transmission of pathogens?
A mucus and stomach acid
B mucus and white blood cells
C skin and hairs in the nose
D skin and stomach acid
9
20 The table shows some of the changes that occur during breathing.
from contracted to relaxed
from relaxed to contracted
Which changes occur to cause inspiration?
A P, Q and Z B X, Q and R C X, Y and R D X, Y and Z 21 In an experiment to investigate anaerobic respiration, two bottles are set up in a warm room, as
shown.
balloon
P Q
© UCLES 2017 0610/21/O/N/17
22 The graph shows the lactic acid concentration in blood during and after exercise.
1.0
0.5
time / minutes
Z
The continuation of which process accounts for the shape of the graph at Z?
A deep breathing
C high rate of breathing
D movement of lactic acid from the muscles 23 What is the most important function of sweating?
A to remove excess heat from the body
B to remove excess salts from the body
C to remove excess urea from the body
D to remove excess water from the body 24 Four effects of a specific hormone are listed.
increased blood pressure
What is this hormone?
25 The diagram shows a person sweating in hot weather.
What part is played by sweat glands during the process of sweating?
A effector
B receptor
C sense organ
D stimulus 26 The diagram shows a synapse in a reflex arc.
P Q
What are the identities of the two neurones and in which direction does the neurotransmitter pass?
neurone P neurone Q direction of passage of neurotransmitter
A motor relay P → Q
B motor sensory P → Q
C relay motor Q → P
D relay sensory Q → P
12
Which feature of pathogens triggers this response?
A antibodies
B antibiotics
C antigens
D memory cells 28 Which environmental factor is not always a requirement for seed germination?
A light
B oxygen
C suitable temperature
D water 29 Which row shows the adaptive features of sperm cells?
flagellum jelly coat mitochondria
A absent absent present
B absent present absent
C present absent present
D present present absent 30 In some mammals the allele for brown coat colour is dominant to the allele for white coat colour.
Which percentage of offspring will be white if a cross is made between two heterozygous mammals?
A 0% B 25% C 50% D 100% 31 Which term is defined as a length of DNA that codes for a protein?
A amino acid
32 The following are involved in protein synthesis.
1 amino acids assembled in order
2 mRNA moves to the cytoplasm
3 mRNA passing through a ribosome
4 DNA in the nucleus
In which order do they become involved when proteins are made?
A 1 → 3 → 2 → 4
B 3 → 2 → 1 → 4
C 4 → 2 → 3 → 1
D 4 → 3 → 2 → 1 33 What makes tongue rolling an example of discontinuous variation?
A A person can roll their tongue only when they are young.
B There are many different types of tongue rollers.
C Tongue rolling has to be learnt.
D Tongue rolling is something that a person either can or cannot do. 34 The distribution of the sickle-cell allele in human populations varies in different areas of the world.
What is an explanation for this difference?
A People that are heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele have a resistance to cholera.
B People that are heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele have a resistance to malaria.
C People that are heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele are more likely to suffer from anaemia.
D People with sickle-cell anaemia have more alleles. 35 Nitrogen in the air cannot be used by plants until it is in the form of nitrates.
Which two processes convert nitrogen from the air into nitrates?
A decomposition of faeces and nitrification
B denitrification and lightning
14
© UCLES 2017 0610/21/O/N/17
36 What is shown by the widest block in a pyramid of numbers for a grassland ecosystem?
A all the consumers in the pyramid
B the carnivores in the pyramid
C the organisms at the top of the pyramid
D the producers in the pyramid 37 The diagrams show the depth and rate of breathing in a person at 12.00 pm and 1.00 pm.
volume
0.5 dm3
What happens to the person’s breathing between 12.00 pm and 1.00 pm?
depth of breathing
rate of breathing
A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases 38 Ligase enzymes are used in genetic engineering to
A cut open plasmid DNA.
B insert plasmids into bacteria.
C isolate the DNA making up a human gene.
D join human DNA to plasmid DNA.
15
A to introduce new species
B to maintain nutrient cycles
C to maintain resources
D to protect vulnerable environments 40 Some examples of the waste products of human activity are discarded household rubbish,
excess fertiliser, industrial chemicals and untreated sewage.
Which of these can both cause increased growth of aquatic plants?
A chemical waste and discarded household rubbish
B discarded household rubbish and excess fertiliser
C excess fertiliser and untreated sewage
D untreated sewage and chemical waste
16
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2017 0610/21/O/N/17
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DC (NH/CGW) 133508/4 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over
* 5 5 1 8 5 2 3 0 3 6 *
This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
BIOLOGY 0610/31 Paper 3 Theory (Core) October/November 2017 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
2
CBA
E
Use the key to identify the insects in Fig. 1.1.
Write the letter for each insect in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
1 (a)
go to 2
go to 3
Alaus oculatus
Photinus pyralis
3 (a)
Graphosoma lineatum
Coccinella septempunctata
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
algae not to scale
Use Fig. 2.1 to answer these questions.
(i) State the name of one producer in this food web.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the name of one herbivore in this food web.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) Complete the food chain, containing four organisms, that ends with the seagull.
Write the names of the organisms in the boxes.
seagull
[1]
5
(iv) The shark population has decreased.
Explain what effect this might have on the populations of starfish and limpets.
starfish ...............................................................................................................................
(v) Suggest two factors that could decrease the shark population.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
(c) State the principal source of energy for food webs.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
6
0610/31/O/N/17© UCLES 2017
(d) The sea forms an important part of the water cycle.
Fig. 2.2 shows the water cycle.
sea
C
D
B
A
Fig. 2.2
State the names of the processes shown by the letters in Fig. 2.2.
A ...............................................................................................................................................
B ...............................................................................................................................................
C ...............................................................................................................................................
0610/31/O/N/17© UCLES 2017 [Turn over
3 (a) There are four different types of birth control method. These are shown in Table 3.1.
Complete Table 3.1 by writing each of the following examples of birth control in the correct column.
abstinence condom contraceptive pill
diaphragm female sterilisation IUD
monitoring body temperature vasectomy
natural chemical barrier surgical
[4]
(b) Complete the sentences to state how the contraceptive pill works.
Choose your answers from the list.
Each of the words may be used once, more than once or not at all.
egg cells enzymes hormones ovary
ovules sperm testes
.................................................. releasing .................................................. . [3]
(c) HIV is an example of a sexually transmitted infection.
(i) State what the letters HIV stand for.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) Suggest two ways that the spread of HIV can be controlled.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
4 Fig. 4.1 shows a lily flower.
F
E
D
C
A
B
Fig. 4.1
(a) State the letters that identify the parts of the flower in Fig. 4.1.
anther ....................
filament ....................
petal ....................
(b) The lily flower is pollinated by insects.
State two ways that the pollen from the lily flower is different from the pollen of a wind- pollinated flower.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
State the name of the process that produces gametes.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
10
0610/31/O/N/17© UCLES 2017
(d) The boxes on the left contain the names of parts of a flower.
The boxes on the right contain the functions of parts of a flower.
Draw one straight line to link each part of the flower with its function.
Draw four lines.
often coloured to attract insects
where pollen is deposited
[4]
5 Fig. 5.1 shows a diagram of a cross-section of a leaf.
B
A
Fig. 5.1
(a) (i) Identify the parts labelled on Fig. 5.1 and state the names of
tissue A ..............................................................................................................................
(ii) The cells in tissue A are adapted for photosynthesis.
State where photosynthesis occurs in the cell.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Draw circles around the structures that are found in both plant and animal cells.
cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm
starch grains nucleus permanent vacuole
[3]
12
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) Fig. 5.2 shows two leaves from the same plant.
A
B
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
6 Drugs are substances that alter chemical reactions in the body.
(a) The boxes in the middle show the name of the drug.
The boxes on the left show the long-term risk of using the drug.
The boxes on the right show the short-term effect of using the drug.
Draw one straight line from the name of the drug to its long-term risk.
Draw another line from the name of the drug to its short-term effect.
Draw three lines on each side.
lung cancer
long-term risk short-term effect
0610/31/O/N/17© UCLES 2017
(b) Fig. 6.1 shows the percentage of people who misused drugs in a one-month period.
These data were taken from a survey of people of different ages.
0
5
10
one month
25
30
35
40
11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30 31–35 36–40 41–45 46–50 51–55 56–60 61–65 66–70
Fig. 6.1
Use the information in Fig. 6.1 to answer these questions.
(i) State the age group that had the lowest percentage of people misusing drugs.
.............................................................................................................................years [1]
(ii) State the percentage of 31–35 year-olds that misused drugs in one month.
...................................................................................................................................% [1]
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
(c) Drugs can also be used for medicinal reasons. Antibiotics are an example of a medicinal drug.
...................................................................................................................................................
7 Fig. 7.1 shows a potometer.
This equipment is used to measure the rate of water uptake in a leafy shoot.
ruler
Fig. 7.1
(a) A leafy shoot in a potometer was exposed to different conditions.
The distance moved by the air bubble in 10 minutes was recorded.
Table 7.1 shows the results.
Table 7.1
cool, damp air 4
cool, dry air 6
warm, damp air 10
warm, dry air 50
(i) State which conditions result in the greatest rate of water uptake in the shoot.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Calculate the rate of water uptake in millimetres per minute for the shoot in cool, damp air.
Show your working.
(iii) The rate of water uptake is approximately equal to the rate of transpiration.
An increase in wind speed increases the rate of transpiration.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(d) State the name of the tissue that transports water to the leaves.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
8 Water is an important part of a balanced diet.
(a) State three other components of a balanced diet.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................ [3]
(b) State where most water is absorbed in the alimentary canal.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
Fig. 8.1 shows the organ system that excretes excess water.
kidneys
A
B
C
Fig. 8.1
State the names of the parts labelled A, B and C.
A ........................................
B ........................................
(d) The volume and the concentration of urine can vary.
Body temperature, exercise and water intake affect the volume and concentration of urine.
Table 8.1 shows three changes in the body.
Complete Table 8.1 by putting a tick in the boxes to show how each change affects the volume and concentration of the urine.
One example has been done for you.
Table 8.1
increases decreases increases decreases
increase in body temperature
0610/31/O/N/17© UCLES 2017
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
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* 2 6 7 4 1 8 0 0 9 1 *
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DC (LK/JG) 133513/4 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over
BIOLOGY 0610/41 Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2017 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required.
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1 Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2 show two images of villi.
Fig. 1.1 shows a surface view of many villi viewed through a scanning electron microscope.
Fig. 1.2 shows a section of one villus viewed through a light microscope.
villi
Villi are found in the small intestine.
(a) State the function of villi.
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(b) Identify and describe two of the labelled components of a villus.
Use the letters in Fig. 1.2 in your answer.
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(c) Some infections in the small intestine can cause diarrhoea.
(i) Describe the effects of diarrhoea on the body.
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(ii) State the treatment for the effects of severe diarrhoea.
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State the component of the blood that transports nutrients.
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(ii) The nutrients in the blood can be used to become part of cells.
State the name of this process.
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(iii) Amino acids are an example of a type of nutrient transported in the blood.
State two examples of larger molecules found in cells that are made from amino acids.
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2 A group of students planned an investigation to determine the effects of physical activity on breathing rate.
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(b) The students measured their breathing rates before physical activity and every minute for five minutes after cycling around the school field.
Write a hypothesis for their investigation.
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(c) Fig. 2.1 shows a woman on a stationary bicycle. The mask fitted over her nose and mouth measures the composition of the air she breathes out.
Fig. 2.1
Fig. 2.2 shows the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air expired by the woman in the five minutes after she stopped exercising.
The dashed line on the graph shows the concentration of carbon dioxide in her expired air when she was at rest, before she began to exercise.
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
percentage concentration
concentration of carbon dioxide expired immediately after exercise
Fig. 2.2
Describe and explain the results of the investigation shown in Fig. 2.2.
Use the data in Fig. 2.2 in your answer.
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(d) Before starting the investigation, the researchers confirmed that the woman did not have coronary heart disease.
(i) Suggest why.
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3 The flowers of pea plants can be pollinated by bees.
(a) State three features of flowers that would attract insects such as bees.
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(b) Successful pollination results in fertilisation.
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(c) Following fertilisation, seeds will form.
In pea plants there are two alleles for height:
• tall (T) • dwarf (t)
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(ii) A farmer wanted to identify the genotype of tall pea plants as either homozygous dominant or heterozygous.
He used a homozygous recessive dwarf pea plant to determine the genotype of the tall pea plants.
State the name of this type of genetic cross.
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(iii) Complete the genetic diagram to determine the genotype of the parent plant if all the offspring from the cross are tall plants.
parental phenotypes tall × dwarf
(iv) Another farmer wants to produce pure-breeding dwarf pea plants.
State the genotypes of both of the parent pea plants the farmer should use.
Give a reason for your choice.
genotypes ..........................................................................................................................
reason ...............................................................................................................................
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4 A neurone is a type of specialised animal cell.
(a) (i) Neurones develop from unspecialised cells.
State the name of these unspecialised cells.
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State two structural features common to all animal cells.
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(iii) Most neurones are longer than other types of animal cell.
Suggest why most neurones are very long.
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(b) Some neurones connect to effector organs.
(i) State the name of the type of neurone that connects to an effector organ.
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(c) Fig. 4.1 shows parts of two neurones. The area in the dashed circle has been magnified.
M
E
F
G
H
JK
L
Fig. 4.1
(i) Complete Table 4.1. One row has been done for you.
Table 4.1
component of the cell that releases energy during aerobic respiration
H neurotransmitters chemicals that transmit signals from one neurone to the next neurone
the gap between two neurones
the sac in which neurotransmitters are transported to the cell membrane
the molecules that the neurotransmitters bind to
the structure that controls the activities in the cell
[5]
(ii) State where in the body the neurones in Fig. 4.1 would be found.
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(e) Nerves and hormones coordinate the functions of the body.
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State the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration by yeast.
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(b) When yeast respires anaerobically, ethanol is released.
Ethanol is a type of sustainable resource that can be produced from a wide range of crops. It can be used as a biofuel.
Table 5.1 summarises some information about crops that are used to make biofuel.
Table 5.1
optimum growth temperature / °C
wheat ethanol 53–84 24 800–1200
corn ethanol 63–76 18 360–1000
sugar beet ethanol 110–122 18 360–1000
sugar cane ethanol 110–140 28 800–1200
oil palm oil 150–166 28 1100–2500
(i) Uruguay has an average temperature range of 12 °C to 24 °C and an average annual rainfall of 1000 mm.
Suggest and explain which crop would be the most suitable crop to grow for producing biofuel in Uruguay.
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(ii) Sugar cane requires soil with high concentrations of nitrogen and potassium.
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(iii) Researchers in Brazil are considering using microscopic algae that live in water to produce biofuels. They have found that algae can produce a maximum amount of energy of 200 GJ per m2.
1 m2 = 0.0001 ha
Convert the production of biofuel from algae into GJ per ha.
Space for working.
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(a) (i) State two other features of all viruses.
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adenovirus picornavirus
Fig. 6.1
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
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* 0 4 1 6 2 5 9 0 5 6 *
DC (ST/SG) 133516/4 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over
BIOLOGY 0610/51 Paper 5 Practical Test October/November 2017 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: As listed in the Confidential Instructions.
For Examiner’s Use
0610/51/O/N/17© UCLES 2017
1 Fruits such as apples and bananas contain chemicals called polyphenols. An enzyme, polyphenol oxidase, is also present. It catalyses a reaction which converts the polyphenols into browncoloured compounds.
This reaction happens when the cells are damaged and exposed to oxygen in the air.
polyphenol oxidase polyphenols + oxygen browncoloured compounds
You are going to investigate the effect of pH on the enzyme polyphenol oxidase in apples.
Read all the instructions but DO NOT CARRY THEM OUT until you have drawn a table for your results in the space provided in 1(a)(i).
You should use the gloves and eye protection provided when you are carrying out the practical work.
Step 1 Label five Petri dishes A, B, C, D and E.
Step 2 Pour the water from the container labelled water into Petri dish A.
Step 3 Pour the solution labelled B into the Petri dish labelled B.
Step 4 Repeat step 3 for each of the solutions labelled C, D and E and the Petri dishes labelled C, D and E.
Step 5 Dip the end of one piece of Universal Indicator paper into the solution in Petri dish A. Compare the colour of the indicator paper to the colour chart provided to identify the pH of the solution. Record the pH in your table in 1(a)(i).
Step 6 Repeat step 5 for Petri dishes B, C, D and E.
Step 7 Cut the apple provided in half vertically and remove the peel. Put the peel into the container labelled waste. When cutting, take care to cut downwards on to the white tile and away from your hands.
Step 8 Cut five slices from the apple, avoiding the core. Each apple slice should be approximately 30 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm in size. Keep the rest of the apple for step 11.
Step 9 On the white tile, chop one of the apple slices into small pieces and then use a spatula to crush the pieces to a pulp.
Chop and crush the four remaining apple slices. Keep each of the crushed apple slices separate from each other on the white tile, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
crushed apple slices
white tile
Fig. 1.1
Step 10 Place one of the crushed apple slices into each of the solutions in Petri dishes A, B, C, D and E. Put the lids on the Petri dishes and leave them for two minutes.
Step 11 If the cut surface of the rest of the apple has started to turn brown, cut the brown layer away. Cut another 30 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm slice. Chop and crush this apple slice in the same way as in step 9. Leave this crushed apple slice on the white tile and label it control.
Put any leftover apple into the container labelled waste.
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Step 12 Remove the lid of Petri dish A and carefully tilt the base so the liquid runs away from the crushed apple. Pour the liquid into the beaker labelled waste liquid. Make sure that the crushed apple does not fall into the waste liquid.
Do not replace the lid of the Petri dish.
Step 13 Repeat step 12 for each of the Petri dishes labelled B, C, D and E.
Step 14 Determine the colour intensity of the crushed apple in each Petri dish using the key shown in Table 1.1. Record the results in your table in 1(a)(i).
Step 15 Determine the colour intensity of the crushed apple in each Petri dish after 10 minutes and after 20 minutes. Record the results in your table in 1(a)(i).
While you are waiting continue with the other questions.
Table 1.1
colour of crushed apple slice no brown colour light brown dark brown
colour intensity value 1 2 3
(a) (i) Prepare a table to record your results.
Your table should include: • the colour intensity value for the crushed apple slices • the pH of each solution.
[6] (ii) List the pH values from the most effective to the least effective in preventing the browning
of the apple slices.
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Table 1.2
household product
olive oil lemon juice milk water salt water baking soda
pH no value 2.0 6.6 7.0 7.6 9.0
(iv) Using the results of your investigation, suggest which of the household products in Table 1.2 could be used to treat cut apples to prevent them from going brown. Explain your choice.
household product .............................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
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(b) (i) State one variable that has been kept constant in the investigation you have carried out.
Describe how this variable has been kept constant.
variable ..............................................................................................................................
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(d) Identify one source of error in steps 8, 9 or 10 and suggest an improvement for this error.
source of error ..........................................................................................................................
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(e) The enzyme polyphenol oxidase and the substrate polyphenol can be extracted from crushed apples. The substrate turns brown when the enzyme is present.
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(f) In another experiment, enzymes were extracted from two different fruits.
These enzyme extracts were heated at 65 °C for a total of 60 minutes.
During this time samples were removed every 15 minutes.
The samples were tested to find out how much enzyme activity remained.
Table 1.3 shows the results of the experiment.
Table 1.3
apricot avocado
(i) Plot a line graph on the grid of enzyme activity against sample time.
You should plot the data for the apricot and for the avocado.
[5]
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2 Fig. 2.1 is a photomicrograph of some blood cells.
phagocytes
nuclei
lymphocyte
magnification ×1500
Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) State two visible differences between the red blood cells and the white blood cells (phagocytes and lymphocytes) in Fig. 2.1.
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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(ii) Make a large drawing of the two cells labelled phagocytes in Fig. 2.1.
[4]
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(b) (i) Measure the diameters of the three marked blood cells, along both the lines drawn on each of the cells, in Fig. 2.1. Record these measurements in Table 2.1.
Add the missing units to Table 2.1.
Calculate the average diameter for each type of blood cell and write your results in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
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lymphocyte
phagocyte
[3]
(ii) Calculate the actual average diameter of the red blood cell using your answer in 2(b)(i) and the following equation.
magnification = average diameter of the red blood cell in Fig. 2.1
actual average diameter of the red blood cell
Give your answer in micrometres (μm) to the nearest whole number. 1 mm = 1000 μm
Show your working.
0610/51/O/N/17© UCLES 2017
Permission to reproduce items where thirdparty owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answerrelated information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
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DC (NF/SG) 133515/4 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over
* 4 6 7 2 8 1 9 3 0 9 *
BIOLOGY 0610/61 Paper 6 Alternative to Practical October/November 2017 1 hour Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required.
2
0610/61/O/N/17© UCLES 2017
1 Fruits such as apples and bananas contain chemicals called polyphenols. An enzyme, polyphenol oxidase, is also present. It catalyses a reaction which converts the polyphenols into browncoloured compounds.
This reaction happens when the cells are damaged and exposed to oxygen in the air.
polyphenols + oxygen polyphenol oxidase
browncoloured compounds
Some students investigated the effect of pH on the enzyme polyphenol oxidase in apples.
The students were provided with one apple, distilled water and four solutions labelled B, C, D and E. Each solution had a different pH.
Step 1 Five Petri dishes were labelled A, B, C, D and E.
Step 2 20 cm3 of distilled water was added to Petri dish A.
Step 3 20 cm3 of solution B was poured into the Petri dish labelled B.
Step 4 Step 3 was repeated using solutions C, D and E and the Petri dishes labelled C, D and E.
Step 5 Universal Indicator paper and a pH colour chart were used to find the pH of each of the solutions in the five Petri dishes.
Step 6 Six slices were cut from an apple and put on to separate white tiles. The apple slices were cut to approximately the same size.
Step 7 Each apple slice was chopped into small pieces and then crushed with a spatula.
Step 8 One of the crushed apple slices was put into each of the solutions in Petri dishes A, B, C, D and E. A lid was put on to each of the Petri dishes and they were left for two minutes.
Step 9 The crushed apple from the remaining slice was left uncovered, on the white tile and was labelled control.
Step 10 The lid of Petri dish A was removed and the liquid was poured away, leaving only the crushed apple in the Petri dish. The Petri dish lid was not replaced.
Step 11 Step 10 was repeated for Petri dishes B, C, D and E.
Step 12 The students looked at the colour of the crushed apple slice in each Petri dish at 0 minutes, 10 minutes and 20 minutes.
The students used the key shown in Table 1.1 to identify the colour intensity value for each crushed apple slice.
Table 1.1
no brown colour light brown dark brown
colour intensity value 1 2 3
3
Fig. 1.1 shows the students’ results.
A B C
pH 7 pH 2 pH 3 pH 8 pH 9
crushed apple
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) Prepare a table to record the results.
Your table should include: • the colour intensity value for the crushed apple slices • the pH of each solution.
[5]
(ii) List the pH values from the most effective to the least effective in preventing the browning of the apple.
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Table 1.2
household product
pH no value 2.0 6.6 7.0 7.6 9.0
(iv) Suggest which of the household products in Table 1.2 should be used to prevent cut apples from going brown. Explain your choice.
household product .............................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
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(b) (i) State one variable that was kept constant in the investigation described.
Describe how this variable was kept constant.
variable ..............................................................................................................................
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(d) Identify one source of error in steps 6, 7 or 8 and suggest an improvement for this error.
source of error ..........................................................................................................................
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(e) The enzyme polyphenol oxidase and the substrate polyphenol can be extracted from crushed apples. The substrate turns brown when the enzyme is present.
Some students were provided with extracts of the enzyme and the substrate.
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(f) In another experiment, enzymes were extracted from two different fruits.
These enzyme extracts were heated at 65 °C for a total of 60 minutes.
During this time samples were removed every 15 minutes.
The samples were tested to find out how much enzyme activity remained.
Table 1.3 shows the results of the experiment.
Table 1.3
apricot avocado
(i) Plot a line graph on the grid of enzyme activity against sample time.
You should plot the data for the apricot and for the avocado.
[5]
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2 Fig. 2.1 is a photomicrograph of some blood cells.
phagocytes
nuclei
lymphocyte
magnification ×1500
Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) State two visible differences between the red blood cells and the white blood cells (phagocytes and lymphocytes) in Fig. 2.1.
1 .......................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................
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(ii) Make a large drawing of the two cells labelled phagocytes in Fig. 2.1.
[4]
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(b) (i) Measure the diameters of the three marked blood cells, along both the lines drawn on each of the cells, in Fig. 2.1. Record these measurements in Table 2.1.
Add the missing units to Table 2.1.
Calculate the average diameter for each type of blood cell and write your results in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
/ ...............
lymphocyte
phagocyte
[3]
(ii) Calculate the actual average diameter of the red blood cell using your answer in 2(b)(i) and the following equation.
magnification = average diameter of the red blood cell in Fig. 2.1 actual average diameter of the red blood cell
Give your answer in micrometres (μm) to the nearest whole number. 1 mm = 1000 μm
Show your working.
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Permission to reproduce items where thirdparty owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answerrelated information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
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