cambridge greek and latin classics g editorsassets.cambridge.org/97811070/14428/frontmatter/...to...

CAMBRIDGE GREEK AND LATIN CLASSICS

G eneral Editors

P. E . EasterlingRegius Professor Emeritus of Greek, University of Cambridge

Philip HardieSenior Research Fellow, Trinity College, and Honorary Professor of Latin,

University of Cambridge

R ichard HunterRegius Professor of Greek, University of Cambridge

E . J. K enneyKennedy Professor Emeritus of Latin, University of Cambridge

S . P. OakleyKennedy Professor of Latin, University of Cambridge

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-107-01442-8 - Cicero : Pro Marco CaelioEdited by Andrew R. Dyck

FrontmatterMore information

http://www.cambridge.org/9781107014428

http://www.cambridge.org


C I C E RO

PRO MARCOCAELIO

edited by

A N D R E W R . DYC KProfessor Emeritus of Classics, University of California, Los Angeles







cambridge university pressCambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town,

Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City

Cambridge University PressThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru, UK

Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

www.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107643482

c© Cambridge University Press 2013

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the written

permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2013

Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by the MPG Books Group

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

isbn 978-1-107-01442-8 Hardbackisbn 978-1-107-64348-2 Paperback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence oraccuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to

in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on suchwebsites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.







To Janis







CONTENTS

Preface page ixAbbreviations xMap 1 The Roman world in 56 bc xii–xiiiMap 2 Rome in the late Republic xivChronological table xv

Introduction 11 The charge and the court 12 Procedure in the quaestiones perpetuae 13 The crime and its background 24 The date of the trial 45 The defendant 46 The prosecution team 67 The prosecution strategy 78 The defense team 99 The general defense strategy 1010 Cicero’s approach 1111 Clodia’s role 1212 The outcome and sequel 1413 Language and style 1714 Periodic style, rhythm 2215 Relation of the delivered and published speeches 2516 The published speech and its afterlife 2617 The text 28

Sigla 31

M. TVLLI CICERONIS ORATIO PRO MARCO CAELIO 33

Commentary 57

Works cited 180Index of Latin words 192Index of Greek words 199General index 200

vii







PREFACE

R. G. Austin’s commentary on Pro Caelio introduced several successive generationsof anglophone students to the speech and is fondly remembered by many, eventhose who simultaneously recognize its flaws.1 Austin deployed his formidablelearning on what modern students tend to regard as Cicero’s most attractivespeech, and he did so in a highly engaging manner. On the other hand, the flawsin his book are also considerable, and time has tended to magnify rather thanreduce their scope. Despite his knowledge of Latin grammar, it is possible tocontest some of his interpretive and textual decisions. Further, he tended to begulled by Cicero’s rhetorical wiles and too often fell back on his own (often quitedeft) renderings at the expense of explaining how the Latin actually works (a needperhaps less urgent in those days). In addition, some decisions taken by authorand publisher made the book less than ideally “user-friendly.” It was decided thatthe Latin text should be a reprint of Clark’s OCT, so Austin occasionally foundhimself in the awkward position of arguing against his own text. In addition,Austin buried a great deal of essential matter in a long series of appendixesthat it is difficult to persuade students to read. Finally, over the course of threeeditions Austin revised some of his views and arrived at new interpretations;these, however, are relegated to a series of “Additional Notes” at the back; in suchcases the reader typically first encounters an interpretation that further searchingshows to have been repudiated and replaced by a different (and usually better)one. For all these reasons I was not surprised when the series editors asked meto undertake a new commented edition of Pro Caelio in accord with the norms ofthe Cambridge Greek and Latin Classics.

It is a pleasure to register debts to several benefactors. I thank the serieseditors and the Syndics of the Press for commissioning the project, The LoebClassical Library Foundation for generously funding related research expenses,Brent Vine for bibliographic advice, Stephen Oakley and Philip Hardie forreading and improving my drafts and Michael Sharp and his staff for bringingthe book to print with their usual care and efficiency; I am solely responsible forany remaining errors. My greatest debt is recorded in the dedication.

1 Cf. Henderson 2006, who also offers much interesting information about Austin.

ix







ABBREVIATIONS

C. refers throughout to Cicero; all dates are bc unless otherwise indicated; otherauthors and works are abbreviated as in the OLD or otherwise OCD.

CAH The Cambridge Ancient History. 2nd edn. 14 vols. Cambridge1984–2005.

Ernout and Ernout, A., and A. Meillet. Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue

Meillet Latine. Histoire des mots. 4th edn. Paris 1967.G–L Gildersleeve, B. L., and G. Lodge. Latin grammar. 3rd edn.

London 1895.H–S Hofmann, J. B., and A. Szantyr. Lateinische Syntax und Stilistik.

Munich 1965.ILS Inscriptiones Latinae selectae, ed. H. Dessau. 3 vols. Berlin

1892–1916.K–S Kuhner, R., and C. Stegmann. Ausfuhrliche Grammatik der

lateinischen Sprache, II: Satzlehre. 2 vols. With corrections to the4th edn. by A. Thierfelder. Darmstadt 1966.

LSJ Liddell, H. G., and R. Scott. A Greek–English Lexicon. 9th edn.rev. H. S. Jones. Oxford 1940.

LTUR Steinby, E. M., ed. Lexicon topographicum urbis Romae. 6 vols.Rome 1993–2000.

MRR Broughton, T. R. S. Magistrates of the Roman Republic. 3 vols. NewYork 1951–Atlanta 1986.

NLS Woodcock, E. C. A new Latin syntax. Cambridge, ma 1959.OCD Oxford classical dictionary, 3rd edn., ed. S. Hornblower and

A. Spawforth. Oxford 1996.OCT Oxford Classical Texts.OED Oxford English dictionary. 2nd edn. 20 vols. Oxford 1989.OLD Oxford Latin dictionary, ed. P. G. W. Glare. Oxford 1982.PHI Packard Humanities Institute cd rom 5.3. Palo Alto,

ca (source of information about numbers of attestationsetc.).

RAC Reallexikon fur Antike und Christentum, ed. T. Klauser et al.Stuttgart 1950–.

RE Wissowa, G., and W. Kroll, eds. Paulys Realencyclopadie der

classischen Altertumswissenschaft. 34 vols. in 68 + index and15 supplements. Stuttgart 1893–1980.

Richardson Richardson, L. J. jr. A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome.Baltimore and London 1992.

x







LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi

SVF Stoicorum ueterum fragmenta, ed. H. von Arnim. 4 vols. Leipzig1903–24.

TLL Thesaurus linguae Latinae. Leipzig 1900–.TLRR Alexander, M. C. Trials in the late Roman Republic, 149 BC to 50

BC. Toronto 1990.







0 75 150 km

0 75 miles

ALLOBROGESLacus Lemannus

SENONES

VadaSabatia

Genua

Pisae

CosaVulci

Forum Aurelium

RomePraeneste

Spoletium

Reate

Cortona

PistoriaFaesulae

Mulvius pons

PAEL

IG

NI

AG

ER

PICEN

US

Via Aemilia Scauri

Via Cassia

Via Aurelia

Via Clodia

see inset 1

see inset 2

Inset 2

Numantia

Sardinia

Sicily

S A BI N

E

Veii

Volaterrae

LakeTrasimene

Ameria

Mutina

Larinum

GAUL

Baccanae

ViaAmerina

Fulginiae

Sacriportus?

AGER GALLICUS

AriminumLuca

Bovillae Via Appia

InteramniaTibe

r

SALASSI

Map 1: The Roman world in 56 bc







0 250 500 750 1000 km

0 250 500 miles

0 150 300 km

0 150 miles

AthensCephallenia Mt. Amanus

MytilenePharsalus

Philippi

Puteoli

Pydna

Cilicia

AquaeSextiae

Massilia

Vercellae

GALLIACISALPINA

GALLIANARBONENSIS

Arpinum

CannaeCapua

Misenum

Mt. Garganus

Pompeii

Carthage

A P U L I ACAM

PAN

IA

Inset 1

see inset 2

Terracina

Naples

Pomptine Marshes

Arausio

Thyatira

Aletrium

Nola

S a l l e n t i ni

Bru

t ti i

Oscans

Alexandria

Cyprus

Baiae

E G Y P T

Heraclea

Thurii

LIGURIA

MACEDONIA

Pergamum

Via Appia

Map 1: (cont.)







Tibe

ris

O O

km1 / 2

mile

1 / 2

TA

RE

NT

UM

CA

MP

US

MA

RT

IUS

Thea

tre

and

Port

ico

of

Pom

pey

JAN

ICU

LU

MVIA

PORT

UENSIS

Port

icu

sA

emili

a

Jun

o R

egin

a

Min

erva

Dia

na

Po

rta

Lave

rnal

is

VIA OSTIENSIS

AV

EN

TIN

E

Po

rta

Trig

emin

a

Mer

cury

P

ort

aR

aud

usc

ula

na

Po

rta

Nae

via

Tiber

is

VIAARDEATINA

VIA A

PPIA

VIA

LATI

NA

VIA APPIA

Po

rta

Cap

ena

PA

LA

TIN

E

C A E L I US

MO

NS

Po

rta

Cae

limo

nta

na

Po

rta

Qu

erq

uet

ula

na

Po

rta

Esq

uili

na

Tellu

s

Aq

ua

Ap

pia

(31

2)

VIA

TU

SCU

LAN

A

VIA

PRA

ENES

TIN

A (L

ABI

CAN

A)

Aqua Anio

Vet

us (27

2)

Aqua Marcia

(144)

Aqua Tepula (1

25)

VIA

TIB

URT

INA

(C

OLL

ATI

NA

)

VIA

NO

MEN

TAN

A

OP

PIU

SM

ON

S

CARINAE

Jun

oLu

cin

a

FORU

MRO

MA

NU

M

CIS

PIU

S

MO

NS

VIA

TIB

URT

INA

(VET

US)

Po

rta

Vim

inal

is

Po

rta

Co

llin

a

VIA

SA

LAR

IAP

INC

IUS

MO

NS

Po

rta

Qu

irin

alis

Qu

irin

us

Salu

s Sem

oSa

ncu

s

Po

rta

Salu

tari

s

Po

rta

San

qu

alis

VIA LATA

E S Q U I L I N E

QU

IRIN

AL

Cu

ria

Po

rta

Fon

tin

alis

Vel

ia

CIRC

US M

AXIM

US

Empo

rium

(war

ehou

ses)

Cere

s

PORTUS

PON

S

AEM

ILIU

S

INSU

LATI

BER

INA

Po

rta

Flu

men

tan

a VIC

US

TU

SCUS

Port

aC

arm

enta

lis

CA

PIT

OL

Co

mit

ium

VIA

SACR

A

CIR

CU

SFL

AM

INIU

S

Saep

ta

N

1 Te

mp

le o

f Ju

pit

er S

tato

r2

Reg

ia3

Bas

ilica

Iulia

4 R

ost

ra N

ova

5 Fo

rum

Iuliu

m6

Tem

ple

of

Co

nco

rd7

Tem

ple

of

Satu

rn8

Tem

ple

of

Jup

iter

Op

tim

us

Max

imu

s9

Tem

ple

of

Op

s?10

Tu

llian

um

11

Tem

ple

of

Ves

ta

Mau

sole

um

Au

gu

sti

Ho

rti

Pom

pei

ani

83

5 47

6

Dir

ibit

ori

um

Ho

rti

Cae

sari

s

9

1

2

Tom

b o

f th

e Sc

ipio

nes

10

11

Pon

s Su

blic

ius

Bal

nea

ePa

llaci

nae

? VIC

US

IUG

ARIU

S

VIMIN

A

L

Nym

ph

aeu

m

Lupe

rcal

Map

2:R

ome

inth

ela

teR

epub

lic.U

nder

linin

gin

dica

tes

stru

ctur

esad

ded

afte

r56

bc







CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

88 (?) Birth of M. Caelius Rufus as son of a Roman eques withbusiness interests in Africa

80 Ptolemy XII Auletes succeeds to the Egyptian throne onthe death of Ptolemy XI Alexander II

72 (?) Caelius entrusted to Cicero’s care (tirocinium fori)67–66 Catiline governor of Africa63 Consulate of Cicero and C. Antonius; Caelius supports

Catiline’s second candidature for consul; Catiline’sconspiracy

early 62 Catiline and his army annihilated at the battle of Pistoria62 (?) Caelius serves on the staff of Q. Pompeius Rufus,

governor of Africa59 Caelius successfully prosecutes C. Antonius for extortion

as governor of Macedonia in spite of Cicero’s defense;Rome recognizes Ptolemy as legitimate monarch ofEgypt in exchange for massive bribes

58–57 Cicero goes into exile under pressure from P. Clodius astribune of the plebs but is allowed to return afterseventeen months

57 Ptolemy flees to Rome in the face of riots in Alexandriaand seeks Roman assistance in regaining his throne

late 57 Assassination of Dio, ambassador sent by theAlexandrians to plead against restoration of Ptolemy

February 56 Cicero successfully defends L. Calpurnius Bestia againstprosecution de ambitu by Caelius

February–March 56 Caelius files a second suit against BestiaMarch 56 Sextus Cloelius, a henchman of P. Clodius, acquitted of

charges3–4 April 56 Caelius prosecuted de ui by Bestia’s son Atratinus and

defended by himself, Crassus and Cicero52 Caelius tribune of the plebs; champions the cause of

Milo, the murderer of P. Clodius; Milo, convicted in spiteof Cicero’s defense, goes into exile

50 Caelius curule aedile49 Civil war breaks out between Caesar and Pompey;

Caelius follows the former, Cicero the latter48 Caelius praetor peregrinus; promotes radical legislation,

is stripped of office; attempts to join Milo’s revolt inCampania; is killed at Thurii by Spanish and Celticcavalry loyal to Caesar

xv







cambridge greek and latin classics g editorsassets.cambridge.org/97811070/14428/frontmatter/...to...

Documents