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PRESENTER Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD APHA Past President 2019-2020 Evelyn Green Davis Fellow Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard University @CamaraJones

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Page 1: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

PRESENTER

Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD APHA Past President 2019-2020 Evelyn Green Davis Fellow Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard University @CamaraJones

Page 2: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

“How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: the who?, what?, when?, and where? of decision-making

Policies: the written how?

Practices and norms: the unwritten how?

Values: the why?

Jones CP. Confronting Institutionalized Racism. Phylon 2003;50(1-2):7-22.

Page 3: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

“How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: the who?, what?, when?, and where? of decision-making

Policies: the written how?

Practices and norms: the unwritten how?

Values: the why?

Jones CP. Confronting Institutionalized Racism. Phylon 2003;50(1-2):7-22.

Page 4: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

“How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: the who?, what?, when?, and where? of decision-making

Policies: the written how?

Practices and norms: the unwritten how?

Values: the why?

Jones CP. Confronting Institutionalized Racism. Phylon 2003;50(1-2):7-22.

Page 5: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

“How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: the who?, what?, when?, and where? of decision-making

Policies: the written how?

Practices and norms: the unwritten how?

Values: the why?

Jones CP. Confronting Institutionalized Racism. Phylon 2003;50(1-2):7-22.

Page 6: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

“How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: the who?, what?, when?, and where? of decision-making

Policies: the written how?

Practices and norms: the unwritten how?

Values: the why?

Jones CP. Confronting Institutionalized Racism. Phylon 2003;50(1-2):7-22.

Page 7: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Police killings of unarmed Black men “How is racism operating here?”

Page 8: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Police killings of unarmed Black men “How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: Presence or absence of Civilian Review Boards

Page 9: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Police killings of unarmed Black men “How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: Presence or absence of Civilian Review Boards

Policies: Use of Grand Jury system to indict police officers

Page 10: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Police killings of unarmed Black men “How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: Presence or absence of Civilian Review Boards

Policies: Use of Grand Jury system to indict police officers

Practices: Over-policing of communities of color

Page 11: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Police killings of unarmed Black men “How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: Presence or absence of Civilian Review Boards

Policies: Use of Grand Jury system to indict police officers

Practices: Over-policing of communities of color

Norms: Blue Code of Silence

Page 12: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Police killings of unarmed Black men “How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: Presence or absence of Civilian Review Boards

Policies: Use of Grand Jury system to indict police officers

Practices: Over-policing of communities of color

Norms: Blue Code of Silence

Values: View of Black men as inherently threatening

Page 13: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Excess deaths of “Black” people from COVID-19 “How is racism operating here?”

More likely to become infected More exposed

Less protected

Once infected, more likely to die More burdened by chronic diseases

With less access to health care

Page 14: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Excess deaths of “Black” people from COVID-19 “How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: Racial segregation of housing | education | jobs;

disproportionate incarceration

Page 15: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Excess deaths of “Black” people from COVID-19 “How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: Racial segregation of housing | education | jobs;

disproportionate incarceration

Policies: Limited personal protective equipment for low-wage essential workers; limited paid sick leave

Page 16: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Excess deaths of “Black” people from COVID-19 “How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: Racial segregation of housing | education | jobs;

disproportionate incarceration

Policies: Limited personal protective equipment for low-wage essential workers; limited paid sick leave

Practices: Testing centers (affluent areas | drive-up | requiring doctor’s orders); testing strategies (symptomatic only)

Page 17: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Excess deaths of “Black” people from COVID-19 “How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: Racial segregation of housing | education | jobs;

disproportionate incarceration

Policies: Limited personal protective equipment for low-wage essential workers; limited paid sick leave

Practices: Testing centers (affluent areas | drive-up | requiring doctor’s orders); testing strategies (symptomatic only)

Norms: Narrow focus on the individual | a-historical stance | myth of meritocracy

Page 18: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Excess deaths of “Black” people from COVID-19 “How is racism operating here?”

Identify mechanisms Structures: Racial segregation of housing | education | jobs;

disproportionate incarceration

Policies: Limited personal protective equipment for low-wage essential workers; limited paid sick leave

Practices: Testing centers (affluent areas | drive-up | requiring doctor’s orders); testing strategies (symptomatic only)

Norms: Narrow focus on the individual | a-historical stance | myth of meritocracy

Values: Hierarchy of valuation by work role | age | existence of chronic diseases; skepticism about lottery for rationing

Page 19: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters

Anti-Racism Collaborative 8 Collective Action Teams

Page 20: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Communication

and Dissemination

Guiding questions

How can we support the naming of racism in all public and private spaces?

What tools and strategies are needed to start community conversations on racism?

Page 21: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Communication

and Dissemination

Early ideas

Develop a communication toolbox: allegories, billboards, films, podcasts, songs, tweets, webinars

Put racism and anti-racism on community agendas: Anti-Racism Chats, Civic Dinners, Town Hall Meetings

Page 22: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Education

and Development

Guiding questions

How can we support training around issues of “race,” racism, and anti-racism at educational institutions of all levels?

What does effective anti-racism curriculum look like?

Page 23: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Education

and Development

Early ideas

Convene anti-racism scholars and activists

Develop curricula for schools of public health, medicine, social work, law

Develop curricula for K-12 education

Publish allegories as children’s books

Page 24: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Global Matters

Guiding questions

How can we use the International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) to support anti-racism work in the United States?

What can we learn from anti-racism work in other nations?

Page 25: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Global Matters

Early ideas

Inform the US public about US obligations under ICERD

Examine anti-racism efforts in other countries: Australia, Brazil, Cuba, New Zealand, Rwanda, South Africa, others

Participate in global conversations on social justice

Page 26: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters History

Guiding questions

What is the history of successful anti-racism struggle in the United States and around the world? How can this history guide our anti-racism work today?

How can we institutionalize attention to history in all decision-making processes?

Page 27: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters History

Early ideas

Teach our full histories: 1619 Project, textbooks, museums, school curricula, after-school programs

Hire historians to staff City Councils, State Legislatures, US Congress

Page 28: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Liaison

and Partnership

Guiding questions

What anti-racism work is happening at the community level?

What anti-racism work is happening in other sectors?

How can we create linkages?

Page 29: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Liaison

and Partnership

Early ideas

Catalog and connect local anti-racism efforts throughout the nation and the world

Draft an anti-racism commitment agreement for communities, businesses, and organizations across sectors

Page 30: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Organizational

Excellence

Guiding questions

How do we answer the question “How is racism operating here?” in each of our settings?

How do we examine structures, policies, practices, norms, and values?

Page 31: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Organizational

Excellence

Early ideas

For example, identify policies that:

Allow segregation of resources and risks

Create inherited group dis/advantage

Favor the differential valuation of human life by “race”

Limit self-determination

Page 32: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Policy

and Legislation

Guiding questions

What are current policy and legislative strategies to address and dismantle racism?

What new strategies should we propose?

Page 33: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Policy

and Legislation

Early ideas

Catalog formal anti-racism policies adopted by US jurisdictions: Maryland, Milwaukee County, New Mexico, Seattle King County

Develop and disseminate model legislation addressing the many mechanisms of structural racism

Page 34: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Science

and Publications

Guiding questions

What research has been done to examine the impacts of racism on the health and well-being of the nation and the world?

What INTERVENTION strategies have been evaluated?

What new measures and methods are needed?

Page 35: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Communication Liaison

Po

licy

Glo

bal M

atters Science

and Publications

Early ideas

Put measures of racism on population-based surveys: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Youth Risk Behavior Survey; others

Develop the science and practice of anti-racism

Page 36: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Barriers to achieving health equity

Narrow focus on the individual Self-interest narrowly defined

Limited sense of interdependence

Limited sense of collective efficacy

Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant

A-historical stance The present as disconnected from the past

Current distribution of advantage/disadvantage as happenstance

Systems and structures as givens and immutable

Myth of meritocracy “If you work hard you will make it”

Denial of racism

Two babies: Equal potential or equal opportunity?

Page 37: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Barriers to achieving health equity

Myth of zero-sum game “If you gain, I lose”

Fosters competition over cooperation

Masks the costs of inequity

Hinders efforts to grow the pie

Limited future orientation Disregard for the children

No “Seven generations” perspective

No “How are the children?” focus

Usurious relationship with the planet

Myth of American exceptionalism Disinterest in learning from others

Sense of US entitlement

Page 38: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Barriers to achieving health equity

White supremacist ideology Hierarchy in human valuation

“White” as the ideal and the norm

Sense of “White” entitlement

Dehumanization of people of color

Fear at the “browning” of America

Page 39: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

What can we do today?

Page 40: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Look for evidence of two-sided signs

Page 41: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Burst through bubbles to experience our common humanity

Page 42: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Be interested Believe Join in The stories of others

Page 43: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

See “the absence of”

Page 44: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Reveal inaction in the face of need

Page 45: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Know our power

Page 46: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Action is power

Page 47: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Collective action is power

Page 48: Camara Phyllis Jones MD, MPH, PhD · Limited sense of interdependence Limited sense of collective efficacy Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant A-historical stance The

Camara Phyllis Jones, MD, MPH, PhD 2019-2020 Radcliffe Fellow Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University Past President American Public Health Association Adjunct Professor Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University Senior Fellow and Adjunct Associate Professor Morehouse School of Medicine [email protected] (404) 374-3198 mobile


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