Burning heat (heating value or calorific value): As heat is generated by burning a quantity (volume or weight) of fuel in standard conditions. Explosion Limits: The percent by volume (% V) or the percentage of moles of gas mixture with air or pure oxygen may explode when fire ignition sources. This parameter has important implications in terms of ensuring safety of oil storage terminal. - The lower explosive limit means the percent by volume (% V) or the smallest percentage of moles of gas in a mixture with air or pure oxygen may explode when fire ignition sources. - Limitations on fire: The percent by volume (% V) or the largest percent of gas moles in a mixture with air or pure oxygen may explode when fire ignition sources. - The fire and explosion: As the gas mixture composition in percent by volume (% V) or molar percentage in the region bounded by the lower limit and upper limit. - The safety zone: A zone of gas mixture composition in percent by volume (% V) or molar percent beyond the fire. Compression ratio Z: This is the ratio of the actual volume of gas and the volume of the ideal gas of the same molecular weight in the same conditions. Humidity of the air: As the amount of water in the air at the temperature and pressure are different. These two concepts are in place to assess the moisture content in the air is: relative humidity and absolute humidity. - Absolute Humidity: The amount of water vapor present in a unit volume or per unit luongcua gas and is usually expressed in grams of water / g m3 of gas or water / kg air. - Relative Humidity: The ratio of the mass of water vapor in the gas mixture and the maximum amount of water vapor may be present in the gas volume under saturated conditions (measured by percentage or share units) . Dew point (dew point of the gas under the water) is the point in temperature, water vapor pressure of certain gases condenses into fog. Flashpoint (Flash Point): The lowest temperature at which the product is heated in certain conditions will evaporate and mix with air can then turn off the fire flashed like lightning when taken fire is approaching. The copper plate corrosion: is the quantity characterizing potential corrosion of fuel, including fuel sulfur is the major factor mainly for corrosive fuel. 1.3.2 The nature of danger Fire and explosion: Significant characteristics most important to ensure the safety issues in the oil and gas import warehousing and petroleum products is limited to the explosion of the product in which the flash point is the special parameters important. This factor should take precedence in the fire room for fuel. Characteristic quantities for levels of light hydrocarbon constituents in the product. If the product contains light hydrocarbon constituents will contain volatile in the tank where the vapor of a hydrocarbon they lie between the explosion limit is dangerous, likely to occur when sparks fire . The temperature of the gasoline igniting the range (-40 C), jet fuel from 28 C - 60 C (average 40 C), diesel oil from 35 C - 80 C (average 60 C) and Lubricant - 325oC from 120oC. Therefore, ISO 5307-2009 flash point was taken as a basis for classification of petroleum and petroleum products as 03 categories: - Category 1: Includes all kinds of products with flash point 37,8oC; - Category 2: Includes all kinds of products with a flash point temperature from 60oC 37,8oC -; - Type 3: Includes the product flash point 60 C. Corrosion potential of the product or the sulfur content in the product is one of the risk of corrosion of tanks leak led to the product caused the warehouse fire this product. The hydrocarbons colorless, odorless, tasteless, during processing and use is likely to cause danger. So to check the leakage of hydrocarbons, the flavorings are added, depending on demand and the level of safety. Mercaptans are flavorings commonly used in the process of checking leakage of hydrocarbons. Poisoning: In addition to explosives, petroleum and petroleum products can also infect humans through contact with them. - Liquid Products: gastrointestinal toxicity: petroleum and petroleum products are not toxic to the digestive system but if swallowed will cause nausea. The ability to spot danger from the digestive tract, they can flush the lungs during vomiting, especially dangerous when swallowed gasoline high volatility. poisoning through exposure to the skin: various types of petroleum products can cause itching and skin infections when exposed to skin. Gasoline will cause itchy eyes sticking up. The heavy oils to the skin if exposed repeatedly will cause similar harm. - Air Products (Gas): When inhaled a small amount of gas (below the lower limit of fire - LFL) will cause loss of control as drunken state, headaches and itchy eyes. If you are a large amount of gas can be deadly. The harm caused by gas poisoning mainly due to gas when exposed to the work. Toxicity of different gases will vary. Mainly dependent on the aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene and H2S. Cold burns: This is a typical hazards of liquefied petroleum gas and compressed air. When liquefied or compressed gas will collect heat and cold burns easily. When cold burns skin burns easily cold and numb necrosis. 2 Transportation Boats - Barge - Tank The transportation of oil and oil products, including: - Waterways: specialized marine vessels; River vessels; self-propelled barges and self-propelled; ship crude oil, product tankers, gas ships, oil barges, barges gas. - Road: road tankers for the transport of oil and gas; - Rail transport: the transport of oil, gas; - Pipelines: crude oil transportation, oil products, natural gas, LPG, LNG ... Within the scope of this document refers only to means of water transportation (sea / river) and tank trucks have direct contact communication port to export oil and gas storage and petroleum products. 2.1 Structure Features and equipment of vehicle safety Anatomy of waterway transport and roads have the same characteristics as the main 2 parts: The equipment related to moving vehicles and equipment components related to receiving, storage and delivery: - Vessel, river vessels, barges: The motion includes a system, machine lights, steering gear, marine equipment ... and part of cargo including cargo boxes, pipes, pumps, compressors system valves, instrumentation system temperature and pressure ... - Tank: The motion includes the engine, drivetrain, wheels ... and part of goods including: cargo boxes, pumps, valves, instrumentation ... - All vehicles transporting petroleum and petroleum products must be equipped with fire protection systems in accordance with the type of shipment, size and type of vehicle. 2.1.1 Vessel Although not warehousing safety management on board, but by maintaining the safety of the ship directly affect the safety of the repository. structure Tankers (crude oil and oil products) have storage tanks along the hull. General structure tanker's engine compartment and cabin located in the back room, the shell itself is divided by transverse bulkheads and longitudinal bulkheads 1-3. Figure 2.2: Structure tankers, longitudinal section Figure 2.3: Structure tankers, cross-sectional For fire prevention, the Tank, overflow boxes should be separated from the engine compartment, and control stations in the region by the cofferdam room (double walled spaces in between). Along the length of the drive train from the upper deck is the nose bridge to ensure the movement of hydraulic hydraulic, piping, electric wiring. Bridge should have a firm texture, with the number of links and link elastic slip fit to avoid cracking when pitching strong demand in large wind wave conditions. Deck area above the cargo compartment installed alongside not assume, just railing installed shielding to avoid accumulation of water vapor and hydrocarbon accumulation in stormy conditions. Chronic author with chronic open-door only installed outside of the cargo compartment. Vertical walls and horizontal walls and water sealing is capable of withstanding water pressures columns and inertial forces caused by liquid (when a cargo hold side cavity is not). The division of the area into the cargo compartment and limits on their size is due to the fact the following requirements: - Reduction of the surface area in order to reduce the inertia torque of the surface as the ship was shaking. Vertical walls to reduce lateral inertial forces (horizontal shaking vessels) and reduce the influence of the liquid load to the stability of the ship. The transverse bulkheads reduce longitudinal inertia, reducing bending moment and hull durability; - Guarantee against oil tankers sunk; - Reduce the impact of marine pollution caused by oil in the event of a problem; - Helps tanker can carry more goods in the different compartments. On modern tankers is often designed along two walls, while the width of the ship and the larger 35-50m, in many cases it is the 3rd wall installation, the form can not watertight - block walls . Only in the small tanker that enables a vertical wall and usually ship center plane. Due to the large vertical wall, horizontal wall and no mouth carved on the large deck durability hull oil tankers are increased and this gives rise waterline and maximum payload. The cargo compartment on a tanker with two longitudinal bulkheads are divided into compartments starboard, starboard cabins and boat cabins located in the center between two vertical walls. The size and layout of the cargo compartment must meet the international standards. The cargo compartment is necessary to ensure the protection of the liquid from the impact of the external environment and avoid the impact of the following symptoms on quality of liquid: - The movement of the goods from ballast water and other liquids; - Contamination from the sediment was transported earlier; - Contamination by rust texture. Currently the application type structure after the cargo compartment: - Cavity traditional restaurant with two longitudinal bulkheads; - There are two longitudinal bulkheads and compartments reserved for balast clean; - There is a double side and double side spaces for balast isolation; - There are two longitudinal bulkheads and a double bottom, double bottom space and double side balast used for isolation; - Having the extra boxes, safes balast isolation between the hulls and body safe. The cargo compartment has two longitudinal bulkheads style and style with double bottom and side tanks have a flat surface for all structures located behind the twin structures. The flat surface allows the paint to ensure good government, simplify washing the cargo compartment, increasing the flow rate of the liquid to the suction load, reducing delivery time by tanker. Cavity pump: the pump chamber to be installed in the steering orders compared to the cargo compartment near the engine compartment. Pump cavity is separated from the cargo compartment by cofferdam or act as cofferdam between the cabin and the cargo compartment. Pump compartment separated from the cavity wall airtight KAC by the A-60 and are not equipped with the external vent pipes. During the installation of the pump cavity pumping systems to control and manipulate liquid pipeline shutdowns. Also on board was installed pumping equipment, structures for rinsing compartments such as: pump, water drying etc. .. need a pump chamber exits outside the main doors. The settling tank "SLOP" (Slop tank) - refers to a deposit for any power user containing residues from the cargo compartment, lotions or other oil compounds. At the request of the MARPOL Convention-73/78 on the tanker to install the system for depositing serving and cleaning oil-contaminated water or wash dirty balast. The size of the settling tank of oil tankers of 150 tons register, shall not be less than 3% of the capacity of each tanker. Balast tanks isolate: According to Article 13 of Annex 1 of MARPOL convention on marine pollution block mounted in the event of a crash or crash into rocks roared, the tanker was closed after 06/01/1982 must have the balast safe isolation. This requirement applies to oil tankers carrying crude oil and 20.000T DWT oil tankers carrying petroleum products with DWT 30.000T. Equipment In this document only refers to the equipment related to safety: Bridge leading to the shore (gang-way): Bridge leading down to the shore on board to ensure the protection grid below, there are handrails and long enough to touch the shore. Bridge is not located near the pipe line and avoid mooring ropes mooring area. Mooring lines (mooring lines): Flexes to train a sufficient number upon request tied to the port storage vessel size. Mooring lines to ensure the bearing. Mooring lines must be properly fastened, not cross, twist and stretch. Do not use nylon cable and steel cable in the same direction due to their elasticity different. Usually when ships would not use the mooring anchor. The cap Safe: On the cargo tanks, ships strained water, waste water tank lid to the can deposit into boxes, each hole measuring, sampling. The safe lid and measuring holes must be sealed in time delivery. Waste oil tank (slop tanks): waste oil tank where water washing the cargo tanks containing the collection. The exhaust holes (scuppers, save-alls): On the deck above the cabin floor area are the discharge hole. When you're pumping or consignee, the outlet should be back button. If it is necessary to discharge storm water to control oil flow if there is no deck on the river. The fire protection equipment: Listing of ship fire fighting equipment must be suspended deck area where recognizable. The equipment must be properly arranged and positioned to be checked periodically. Emergency tow lines (Emergency Tow-off Pendant or fire-wire): is the emergency towing wire steel cable inside layout of the ship at the 2 position and the rear quarter of the ship hull, in addition to the chronic breakdown train leave an urgent need, will use tugboats towing wires off the pier. When mooring cargo ship, the emergency tow lines must be ready. These wires are usually steel cable but now also has a wire maker of synthetic resin (synthetic) to prevent injury. Oil spill trays (drip trays): In the first area flange pipe line, the breathing tube of the oil tanks on the vessel must have spill trays. Where no fixed trays at the end of the tube to the cell tray. Valves for marine (sea chest valve): The sea-van in time must be locked. Smoking area: On the gas tankers prohibits smoking except some with signs and meet the following criteria: - Restricted in cabin areas; - None of the doors and windows open puffy-plot directly to the open deck; - It is up to the state which can cause dangerous anomalies petroleum vapor, especially when there is no wind and cargo operation on the ship or the wharf next to it. Air-conditioning: Air conditioning on board to ensure the pressure is always higher in the outer room to avoid entering vapors outside. 2.1.2 River ships, barges Structural requirements and cargo equipment, basic fire fighting river ships, oil tanker ships like tankers. Due to the low activity of waves is affected, not navigating complex maritime equipment, communication simpler structure requires lower crust. However, the layout requirements of equipment such as pumps, pipes ... and fire protection equipment such as fire pumps, fire hose, fire protection ... chemical or structural fire protection such as doors, fire rated wall, area smoking ... also must comply with regulations for ships and river barges. 2.1.3 Tank Structure fuel tank mounted on tank trucks according to ISO 4162-85 include the following major components: body, neck, cap, enter the door, the door watching, shaking his plate, exhaust structure, anti-wave plate, exhaust pipes , exhaust valves, elected sediment, sediment discharge valves, valves, exhaust valves pipeline. Figure 2.4: Structure tank cars 2 tank cars must be equipped with portable fire extinguishers. Engine exhaust must be located behind the car, the exhaust mouth provisions to be running towards the car. Tank cars should be equipped bruise brutal shooting started to mount the exhaust port to warehouse. Tank cars must be tested periodically. Technical requirements of the car for liquefied petroleum gas tank (gas) in accordance with ISO 6484-1999 should be noted as follows: - Vehicles must have an emergency disconnect switch engine, mounted behind the cabin and outside all vehicles must have clear signs (Section 5.2.2); - Tank must be designed, built, installed, tested under the provisions of the 6153 ~ 6156: 1996 (Section 6.5); - With the line connected, disconnect the primary system including refractory block 01 valve (or valves 01 and 01-way valves inside the fire) and 01 inside the safety valve (Section 7.2); - Safety valve inside the remote control phase 3i fitted with at least two trigger points at the beginning and end of the basin (Section 7:12); - With measuring instruments and test security framework: Each tank must be one suitable manometer directly connected to the steam chamber and the valve assembly 1 between the cavity vapor pressure of the tank design (Section 8.1); - Tank must have a capacity meter, 1 or 2 at the maximum liquid level indicator and thermometer (thermometer inserted so that the earth stood and read the book as well as the average temperature of the goods contained in the tub) (Section 8.3, 8.6); - Every tank must have a safety valve springs and valves fitted directly to vapor cavity; valve is installed in the smaller tank design pressure and exhaust flow to ensure the protection of the fire tank when tank cover (Section 8.7, 8.8, 8.9); - With Pump and compressor pump must be hybrid by hydraulic motor or transmission from the gearbox shaft, the electric motor is not used or the internal combustion engine (Section 9.1); - Vehicles can be equipped with special compressor compressor pressure not greater than the design pressure tank or pressure systems (9.2, 9.3); - Top speed pumps / compressors have him in the tub with a little one-way valves (Section 9.7); - Pipeline pressure on the vehicle must be designed, manufactured and installed in accordance with the provisions of the 6153 ~ 6156: 1996 (Section 10.1); - Hoses for LPG must be manually operated valves installed at the top of the tube (Section 10.7); - Tank must have the piping system diagram (Section 11.2); - Each vehicle must be equipped with at least 3 fire ban warning signs and stay away. When parking signs must be placed at least 15 m in the car positioned, easily seen (Section 12.2); - Each tank car must be equipped with at least 2 per kg powder fire put out Class 9 and 1 car per 2.5 kg powder or CO2 type placed in the cabin (Section 4:16). 2.2 The safety hazard The transportation of petroleum and petroleum products have two functions: containing and transporting petroleum and petroleum products. Compared to onshore tanks, transport vehicles have many more dangers due to their dynamic properties. The safety hazard from: - The vehicle operator: The crew has to work, just living on the media; number of crew members more; proficiency and understanding of freight uneven, and subjective consciousness for toxicological risk, health and control their own behavior under pressure and working conditions harsh environments ...; - The device on the system means that the system arising from sources of fire, heat source; - Vehicles are mobile, the ability to collide with large; - The equipment on board quickly degraded corrosion due to climate conditions, weather; - The tank truck equipment on easy false precision so much vibration; - System management and maintenance of all different media, many owners of primary focus of economic exploitation, little attention to vehicle safety. To ensure the safety of the port storage of petroleum export activities of oil companies - all warehouse scene has given the means of inspection, the authorities have regulations on structural safety and safety management system for transport means. 2.3 Safety Management System 2.3.1 For Vessel To improve safety in vehicle operation, environmental protection, especially for ships, IMO has published in 1994 and applied safety management systems International Safety Management Code - ISM Code is a part (Chapter IX) of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea - SOLAS. 2002 ISM Code applies to most ships international shipping. ISM Code include: - General provisions; - Security policy and environmental protection; - Responsibilities and powers of the company; - (The) person in charge; - The responsibility and authority of the master; - Resources and manpower; - Implement plans for the operations on the ship; - Emergency Response; - Reports and analysis of non-conformities, accidents and dangerous occurrences; - Maintenance of ship and equipment; - Documents; - Test, review and evaluation of the Company; - Certification and inspection and control. 2.3.2 For the River Boats - Barges Currently, no regulations have safety management systems specific to the ship means river barges in the country in addition to the provisions of Registration and fire. The implementation of the safety measures to be carried out in accordance with the general regulations of each company, owners of the means. 2.3.3 For Tank Similar vessels and river barges, the implementation of measures to ensure the safety of vehicles depending on company policy of media owners, no mandatory regulations of the State for this in addition to the registration regulations, fire safety and ISO 6848: 1999. Refer to the documentation: - ISGOTT - 5th Edition: Part 2, Chapter 7,8,9; - ISGINTT - 2012: Part 2, Chapter 7,8,9; - The relevant ISO. 3 Port - Storage Space 3.1 Classification of Dried Port warehouse All oil and gas storage and petroleum products have a common function is to receive - for storage - allocation of petroleum and petroleum products. However, there are many ways of classifying different repositories: - Sort By warehouses capacity; - Classification by type of goods stored in the warehouse; - Classification according to purpose; - Classification according to geographical location ...; - In this document, with the purpose of focusing the analysis to ensure safety aspects of operation, we would classify inventory as follows: Classification storage capacity: Storage Tier 1 (100,000 m3), level 2 (from 30,000 to 100,000 m3), level 3 (under 30,000 m3); Classification by type of goods stored in the warehouse: storage of crude oil, petroleum depots, storage of liquefied petroleum gas, compressed air; Classification by type of storage: Store on shore, floating storage; storage ports or no ports (not terminal); warehousing and storage ports and river ports; Classification by purpose: Terminal depots and transit, reserves; owned Classification: warehouse owned by Petrovietnam and storage units leased. port - Port is classified according to river ports, seaports, floating (non-terminal). - The ability to receive, are classified: 1.000DWT / 3.000DWT / 5.000DWT / 10,000 DWT / 50,000. 3.2 Storage port on the coast 3.2.1 Pier (for storage ports) To receive and delivery by sea. Can wharf to receive ships, river boats and barges just oil. A wharf may be T-shaped tee (finger), or fish bones. Figure 2.5: Map of Port-style "I" and "T"

Body parts wharf structure including: Bridge leads, floor work, and office, float buffer. Component system consisting of technology import: import piping, instrumentation, control system technology at the wharf. The auxiliary systems include: the lifesaving equipment, fire, lighting, lightning protection and operator. 3.2.2 Tanks The storage tank, the tank can tower, horizontal cylindrical, toilet (gas), well above ground tub or sink underground. Figure 2.6: Types of Storage The tanks are bundled accessories include: Figure 2.7: Diagram tanks and ancillary equipment

Technological systems: including piping, equipment and cargo pump on the pipe. - Depending on your needs and location installation, pipe steel pipe can be hard or soft tube; - Equipment on piping including pipe fittings (flanges, pipe trumpet, elbows, T, straight coupling "manchon" soft gaskets, gasket glasses); open devices (valves, one-way valves, quick closing valves, reflux valves); control devices (pressure gauges, thermometers, filter, air separation, first sample); compensation devices relaxation; - Pump row: Pump includes 2 main components are pumped and pumped hybrid engine. In storage, the pump is usually fixed layout into separate clusters away from the tankThere are also a number of mobile pumps to drain the bottom line remains in the tank when flushing bon.Ve structure, there are three types of centrifugal pumps, gear pumps and piston pumps; - Flowmeter: A device that can measure the precise amount used to determine the order has been shipped (for tank cars or boats, barges). To ensure accuracy, the flowmeter must be periodically tested. Equipment and fire fighting: fire trucks, fire pumps, plumbing systems, fire fighting foam, the hose, nozzle, spray guns, chemicals, water tanks, CO2 fire extinguishers, extinguisher fire chemicals, sand, shovel, ax, sack, ... The tank system technology, the first to produce as well as to train tank cars, barges are earthing systems, lightning protection. All equipment and fire control, lightning protection must be periodically checked and maintained regularly. The equipment must be arranged in accordance with regulations and in accordance with the diagram. Administrative Area: Area offices, cafeterias, motels workers. Administrative areas should be located away from the storage tank, easily escape trouble in store. 3.2.3 The safety regulations and records storage terminal Legal basis: - Vietnam Maritime Law - Articles 61 and 62. - Decree No. 21/2012 / ND - Article 17.18 of the port opening statement. - Decision 109 / QD-CHHVN: Article 12, 13.14 - Registration open ports; Article 38 - Documents wharf, dock floats; Article 39 - Content resume quays, buoys; Article 40 - Diary wharf, dock floats. - According to the text, to keep the port warehouse and ready to produce the following legal documents: acceptance record seaport facilities construction was completed and put into use is accompanied by drawings of the ground surface elevation and cross section of port; for outdoor oil ports, does not require elevation drawings and cross the harbor; acceptance record between the investor and the agency or organization in charge of the survey results at face obstacles bottom waters in front of the wharf and seaport channels, except for offshore oil port; Notify flow of maritime ports and wharves waters together with a map; for offshore oil port, maritime informed about the safe harbor offshore oil and gas; written test, performed to confirm the contents of the report and the decision to request approval of environmental impact assessment; written acceptance of fire prevention and fire fighting; Profile quays, buoys. Content resume wharf include: Characterized ships mooring buoys: size length, width, height and waterlines, tonnage (DWT), total registered tonnage (GRT), the amount of water occupies the entire load W ; The diagram and the basic parameters of port, jetty pontoon water area, buoys: length, width and height dock; The length, width and depth of the water area of port, float along the structural dimensions related ...; Map structure berths, layout fender, flange anchor broken main technical characteristics of the device; Method of mooring buoys and natural conditions (wind, currents, waves) to access, update speed train, corner counter vessel; Method and anchor mooring diagrams; Mining conditions when the ship tied up at wharves, buoys; Load cargo operators, vehicles and equipment for loading and unloading shipping breakage; The natural conditions limit as waves, wind and currents. Regulations about drift, limited angle of the tether anchor for the buoy (special type of terminal equipment tied with 2); Other Considerations when conducting counter - anchor mooring at the jetty, pontoon berths. Annually management agencies, port operators must update history jetty (especially the changes in loading and unloading equipment transport) under their management; Diary wharf, dock floats; Records of natural conditions and the service record announce the opening of the port; Harbour Bridge Decision published. - Fire Prevention and Fire Code, the accompanying text; - Article 1 of Decree No. 46/2012 / ND-CP. - Section 4.5, TCVN 5684-2003. 3.3 Floating Storage Oil (FPSO) Depending on the structure, function and scope of work, a floating storage is classified: - Warehousing and storage tank floating well offshore; - Storage warehouse storage or transit countries; - Storage of crude oil, LNG, CNG and other petroleum products ...; - Storage Space (FS, SALS), storage and export terminals not (FSO), storage, processing and export terminals not (FPSO), and refrigerated storage (FSRU), popular media exploitation, production, storage and cell production (MOPU or MODU); - Barge (Barge), self-elevating rigs (jackup), semi-submersible rig (Semisub), vessel (FSO, FPSO), Rig Tension Leg Platform (TLP) ...; - Conversion from oil tankers or other floating facilities or building new designs. According to the Vietnam Maritime Law or the International Maritime Association (IMO), the floating facilities (floating storage) containing petroleum and petroleum products are considered marine vessels, self-propelled or non-self-propelled depends on the equipped main motivation. Within the scope of this document focuses on a floating oil storage type (FPSO) operating in Vietnam waters (mainly the FSO / FPSO / Semisub) have major tasks: - Check the oil and gas separation from the central technology platforms and drilling rigs and oil handling entire commercial quality oil; - Handling of formation water; - Reserves and oil production for commercial buyers; - Wash the cargo hold under the cup holder from paraffin deposition; - Collection and gas extracted in requisition processing and storage; - Producing enough energy to meet the needs of the general FPSO; - Activities of the crew. 3.3.1 The system's main equipment FPSO FPSO must include the following equipment and systems: - The complex equipment and systems technology to: Receive and process oil from the marine works (drilling); row oil reserves; Clean water separated. - The system ensures energy. - To ensure an inert gas system for the cargo hold. - Environmental control system air, fire alarm and automatic fire. - Heating system and keep the oil temperature in the cargo hold. - Wash tunnel system with oil. - The housing and living guarantee system for the crew. - Cargo oil system piping, valves and pumping and pumping ballast water to FPSO internal oil distribution and oil for customers to shuttle tankers. - Gathering system and gas extracted in the requisition process and store oil on FPSO. - Measuring systems for commercial oil quality control system products. - Measuring system level, oil temperature and inert gas pressure in the cargo holds and ballast water. - The control system of the production process operating center rotation oil (CCR) and the central executive producer (ECR) in the tunnel. - Mooring buoy system to connect FPSO into position on oil. - The system alongside the stern to connect and keep the shuttle with a pattern FPSO "TANDEM" and the oil system. - Cranes to receive and discharge from the service vessel. - Laboratory oil analysis. - Heliport. - Lightning protection system. - The communications and maritime current regulations (for FPSO) of the International Convention. - The vehicle safety, fire alarm and gas alarm, fire fighting, rescue, burning garbage and torches. - Other systems to ensure survival for FPSO. 3.3.2 Principle of operation and technological scheme FPSO FPSO: including oil tankers or barges or floating facilities (TLP, Semisub, Jack-up, FSO, FPSO, MOPU, MODU ...) oil system of the ship, buoy anchor chain system, the tunnel and the tunnel technology cargo handling and storage for oil, a combination of technological equipment on the deck, oil systems and other systems, such as housing, torch (gas dispersion tube) .... Complex technology: the combination of technological devices and systems to carry out various implementation and control processes on FPSO technologies, such as gas separation, water splitting, and measure the quantity and quality statistics crude oil, oil products distribution and on FPSO. ... Groundwater diversion valve (Pipeline End Manifold-PLEM): the first is the underground pipe joints from fixed rigs (MSP) platform technology center for the hoses (Riser) from the mooring buoy system. PLEM used to transfer oil lines up FPSO. Mooring system consists of: - Neo may be the kind of deep groundwater into the sea bed, kind of gravity, suction anchor or anchors. - Wires can be chained anchor, anchor rope is made of metal or plastic. Buoy System Optional: include mooring buoys to receive the product valve joints with wire anchor or mooring structure. There are several types of mooring buoys system as follows: - CALM Soft Yoke / CALM (SBS); - SALM; - Small Tower "Turret" EXTERNAL or INTERNAL; - Tower stands "Tower / Jacket" Soft Yoke; - Forced scattered points "Spread Mooring". Position anchor: where anchor offshore, where the anchor chain system, PLEM and hose systems, forcing ships to customers. FPSO (common type currently operating in Vietnam as FSO / FPSO crude oil) is anchored at fixed coordinates as planned exploitation of oil and gas fields by dedicated mooring buoy system: CALM Soft Yoke, Spread Turrets and mooring. Oil on crude oil transported by the pipeline system FPSO internal underground mines from fixed platforms (or from center technology platforms) through the distribution line (PLEM) leads to nasal FPSO go through safety valve and stop valve malfunction (Van ESD) and then through the filter and measure the oil flow into the oil line going into the next firing of the secondary and the primary calcination, where crude oil is heated up to the required temperature (the technological process) and distribution of tank technology. Technology cycle in the tank: Swimming technology operating at a fixed oil, with applications gravity crude (oil treated) in the fixed rate will be poured into the funnel slowly turning into the overflow tank commodities and crude oil is considered commercial. Water was separated from the oil slowly settle to the bottom and escape into sewage tank (slop tanks). Clusters of the pump: the case of oil-water separation tank technology not satisfy the request, at the time of the pump will be on the road quantitatively reception in front of oil flow measuring input to meet pumping system to break the emulsion quality, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, antifreeze into the top spot on the road, on the way out of waste water from tank to tank technology slop tanks. Steam baked System: Purposes and calcination temperature for safe keeping, On the main deck is installed the pipes burst distribution pipe along with the vapors of the condensate line tu.He slightly baked piping is installed placed in slops tanks, tank technology, the commercial crude oil storage tanks in accordance with the capacity and function of each type of tank. Inert gas systems: Provide inert gas for all safes to ensure constant inert gas to prevent fire. the safes are equipped with high-speed pressure valve, vacuum valve mounted height of 2 meters above the deck five other chinh.Mat reduce excess pressure to the tank center technology and inert gas diffusion and gas hydrocarbon, a safety valve quickly exhaust installed on a 12 meter high vertical pipe from the main deck. Tank effluent and sewage treatment: In normal conditions 2 slop tanks tank continuous operation. Wastewater from tank to tank technology goes slop tanks left, the oil layer of the water will be collected and removed to tanks and slop oil tanks right. From here the water is pumped up the processor on the deck and the process ends. Processor wastewater effluent quality in this test prior to discharge into the sea, when the oil content in the effluent containing greater than 15 mg / l (ppm), it will turn back round right slop oil tanks are separated from the hydrocyclone go on slop tank left. Meter oil exports: In the process of crude oil - the oil stream is passed through the flow meter (meter prover) equipped with an automatic sampling unit and the precise flow measurement of oil pass through. Flow meter flowmeter consists of 3 types tuarbin, measuring the ability of each flowmeter tuarbin of 2000 m3 / h. Central control room: central control room is surrounded by layers of steel bulkhead as standard isolation A60. The process focuses on monitoring cycle technology and auxiliary systems are made from the different control panels installed in the central control room, including: - The operation of checking technology and tables; - A record number indicating the temperature and pressure of each deposit; - The control valve system in the cargo tanks and waste water tanks; - The meter operates oil; - The operation of inert gas; - Communication systems internally and externally (with the receiving vessel in the oil service boats ...). Laboratory: Laboratory is designed by the standard bulkhead A60 is similar to the central control room, equipped lab equipment, tools and equipment requested transfer crude oil samples from the laboratory. Rooms are equipped with a separate air conditioner for rubbing the atmosphere. Working oil: The oil for the ship to pick up the oil must have a program (plan) specifically to maintain the process of receiving, processing continuous oil on FSO / FPSO. All operations must be operated in compliance with "safe operating guidelines for the FSO / FPSO". Receiving vessel will be anchored to the tail oil FSO with mooring equipment, called TANDEM system. The process of pumping oil from the FSO / FPSO vessels receiving oil to be carried out through a system of floating hoses. Tug (train service) to constantly keep getting oil in the stern anchor on the wrists for time FSO / FPSO. Reception and main engine oil to ready state (stand-by) in his wrists ship time delivery. Captain FSO / FPSO is responsible for notification to receiving oil captain of the above requirements. 3.3.3 System safety and fire prevention on FPSO The system stops the problem: ESD system is activated automatically to transfer the oil to flow to an incident (emergency tank). It also works even through the kick panel signals from the fire detection and gas in the central control room. Detection systems and gas fire: fire detection systems and gas accumulation automated message tells us that the nature and level of fire danger, dangerous process and exhaust gas impact effects. They are installed throughout the main deck, living quarters and work area and is connected to the circuit board fire detection, gas central control room. Equipment to detect explosives: They are installed on the cluster technology on board, manifold, filter, input the measurements, the kilns, ... oil gauge. On the entrance of the pumping chamber, the wind tunnel, next to the cargo oil pumps .... On the way into the house, the two sides wind tunnel, the wind tunnel to tunnel, ventilation holes on diesel generators for backup. On the cockpit vents, ventilation holes on the CO2 chamber. Smoke detectors: They are installed in the hallway of the house to go back in line the main staircase in the central control room, generator room contacts backup, in laboratories, in the pumping chamber ... . Heat detector: installed fire suppression system in the dining area, kitchen and stations in the area of oil after driving FSO / FPSO. Thermal Fuse: The thermal fuse is installed on the cluster technology such as filters, the measured input and clusters of the pump, the oil roasted, oil gauges, the high temperature, causing the fuse runs out impact effect automatically. The incident report manually point: It is the button located in easy smash glass put in place as the bow deck, the measured input clusters, the clusters measured oil on the area to do Wire poop .... Fire protection systems in the country: The aim is to flush fire explosive devices in areas of technology and the front housing. Water system leading to foam (foam machine on the deck) to extinguish fires on the technology sector, the main deck and the airport. The means of fire prevention, fire suppression in the area after the stern. In all incidents situation the main fire pumps, fire pumps reserve are started manually. Deck foam system: Installed distribution nozzles fire retardant foam solution (d = 25mm) in terms of technology, on the main deck near the tunnel bulkhead, on the helipad. CO2 System: Use in case of fire in the engine room or pump chamber. In addition, mobile fire extinguishers (portable) arranged in places (according to design diagrams), facilitate the work of extinguishing spot on FSO / FPSO. 3.3.4 Regulations and safety profile FPSO FPSO the port should have to meet safety regulations and records storage terminal. As a type of ship, FPSO must meet the regulations, standards and International Vietnam. Most FPSO (FSO / FPSO) in Vietnam today is not self-propelled floating equipment on the sea. International Maritime Organization, International Labour Organization, and the International Association of other non-governmental organizations (OCIMF-forum of international oil companies) do not require thorough application, your full the convention for these vehicles, but FPSO (FSO / FPSO) are potentially dangerous sea so their activities should be carried out according to the requirements and provisions of the law on safety management : - The safety and pollution prevention FSO / FPSO to suit the requirements of SOLAS 1960 (for Warehouse closed before 5/1982) and ISO 6474-1999 but then transformed according to SOLAS 1974; - Regarding the structural safety guarantee stability in storage conditions: A solution IMO-167 (ES IV), the stability requirements intact. A solution IMO-562 (14) standard weather; - Devise load, measure the load and prevent collisions: International Conference on load lines, 1966, released 1981, additional provisions related to international treaties on load lines, 1966 Decree 1988 relating to international treaties on load lines, 1966, the international Conference on the review of regulations to prevent collisions at sea in 1972, released 1990 international conference on measuring the load of the train , 1969; - System monitoring technique and state must comply with the requirements and provisions of international documents: IMO, International Convention on ensuring safety of life at sea, 1974, as amended (SOLAS -74); IMO, International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution ships, 1973, as amended by the Protocol relating 1978, as amended (MARPOL 73/78); International Convention on Load Line ship, 1966 (Loadline, 1966); International Convention on Tonnage Measurement Convention, 1969 (tonnage, 1969); Regulations for Preventing collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREG, 72); ICS / OCIMF, International Safety Guide for Oil tankers and terminals (ISGOTT) 4th Edition; OCIMF, Introduction types of tankers and ancillary equipment (first published 4.1991); IMO, inert gas systems; IMO Guidelines oil filtration system; OCIMF, Guidelines handling, storage, monitoring and testing of hoses in operating conditions (first published 2.1995); ICS / OCIMF guidance pumping oil from ship to ship (first published 2.1988); regulations hierarchical classification and technical supervision of the International Registry or / and Vietnam (VIRES): rules for the classification and technical supervision oil vessels TCVN 6474-1999 (Rules for the classification and technical Supervision of floating storage units); The rules of administrative agencies, local governments, but the Vietnam Register, Port Authority, Agency management Immigration ... is representative. - Vietnam's regulations on certificates of technical safety and environmental protection for FPSO (Circular 33/2011 / BGTVT): ISO 6474-1 - 9 - Rules for the classification and technical supervision of floating storage; ISO 6968 - Lifting equipment on marine structures; ISO 6155 - pressure cylinders - Requires KT safe installation, use and repair; ISO 6156 - pressure cylinders - Requires KT safe installation, use or repair - Test method; ISO 8366 - pressure cylinders - Requirements for design and fabrication; ISO 6809 - Rules for the classification and manufacturing moorings ISO 6475-1 - 13 - Rules for the classification and monitoring of marine pipeline engineering; ISO 8403 - Rules for the classification and technical supervision of the stand pipe system; ISO 8404 - Rules for the classification and technical supervision software pipeline system. FPSO be considered to ensure safe operation when all the following elements: - There is sufficient material on record FPSO / port authorities by the end. The certification document states FPSO legal, compliance with standards and regulations decentralization of national and international safety boats and pollution prevention. The document issued boats indefinitely or for a certain period after the expiration of such records must be reviewed (extension) depending on the test results, testing. Not be allowed to exploit FPSO without its records or records using the term. - Be fully staffing the crew of titles, number. All crew members must be fully on FPSO diplomas, certificates and documents required for the quality, capacity, ability and health professionals valuable sailing nationally and internationally. - The crew must ensure safe operation FPSO on the basis of: To comply with the mandatory standards of national and international safety and environmental protection as well as the standards promulgated by the mine; ready to respond to emergencies during the closure process, since oil from offshore drilling until the oil pump to the vessel to receive oil; Do not stop improving safety skills including the ability to preparedness for emergencies involving the safety of FPSO and environment. - On FPSO have enough reserves (spare parts, goods, equipment, materials, water, food reserves, ... - In good technical condition, maintenance and maintenance in accordance with regulations and guidelines of the manufacturer / fabrication ecological conditions and hygiene are kept clean. Logbook is fully recorded and maintained in accordance with regulations shift. 3.4 floating warehouse - not oil export port terminals Usually the floating storage (floating storage F exploitation / P processing; containing S) together with oil export port: O terminals using a point system tied SPMs. Cargo ship tied end to end (TANDEM) to receive / pay directly from warehouses or forced to float to receive / cargoes through the float and underground piping systems. SPMs can be a standalone device, or a system, a part of the storage terminal, or an integrated system, a part of the Sea (Offshore Platform) as FPSO F (P) SO's (Floating Production Storage offloading Facility) or TRMS (Riser Turret Mooring System). Some floating storage port is integrated repository shorthanded - Single Anchor Leg Storage (SALS), includes an anchoring device type SALM fixed to the tail or nose floating storage, is kept constant by floats through a beam. Oil tankers are kept stable during processing and floating storage cargo, there is also: SBS (Single Buoy Storage); SPAR (Floating Cylinder Facility) TOWER (Tower Storage & Loading) .... DK 3.5 port entry / SPDK not dock - anchoring system Port (station) DK import / dock SPDK not receive / cargoes to ships or buoys are passed / floating structures or directly from floating storage in the tail wiring systems (TANDEM) or alongside (BY SIDE); in deep water, ships can fixed by automatic positioning system (DP). Floating storage, buoys and ships are forced stable position by anchoring system. There are 2 main types of anchoring systems: Neo forced a point (SPMs) and Neo forced dispersal points (MPMs). Each class has different styles have been designed, for use in the offshore oil and gas fields, and neighborhood onshore storage terminal to allow receiving large cargo ships and warehouses tied Fixed, float or vehicle stand. Anchoring system basically consists of parts off the buoy or floating structure, and part of the fixed structure attached to the sea floor (except for port storage devices which use automatic positioning DP). 3.5.1 System anchoring point (SPMs) The system allows cargo ships anchor tie front or behind and turned around with the wind or water; is called a point system tied - Single Point Moorings (SPMs), using Single Buoy Moorings pontoon called (SBMs). Part mooring floating structures associated with the bottom part can connect with hard texture, texture rotation (hinge) or coupling. here are 2 main types of SPMs: Systems leash anchor - Catenary Anchor Leg Moorings (calms) and tied with solitary system - Single Anchor Leg Moorings (SALMs). Set anchor chained CALM - Catenary ANCHOR MOORING LINE. Anchor mooring equipment / floating storage includes a float / float section the offshore anchoring as a holding vessel can export / import (DK / SPDK). Figure 2.8: The system is forced by anchor chains

The main parts: - Buoy Body - The body floats; - Mooring and anchoring Components - Parts tied; - Product Transfer System - The system of shipping; - Auxiliary Components - Parts Auxiliary. Function: The body creates the floats float to other parts installed on it. Floats are tied to the seabed by a number of moorings, fixed in the seabed by anchor points. Buoy system typically fixed by 6 anchor chain consisting of heavy chains / cables hanging curve. Connection between the ship floats are set in many styles. Here will introduce some typical fastening system. Are shipped in a / some soft underwater pipeline between underground valve PLEM (Pipeline End Manifold) located at the bottom and floats. His quilts have enough length and suitable for all devices in a way to move the float. Customers are switching from a floating storage and floating buoys through hoses. Flow through the valve float through swivel (Swivel), allowing flow through the stator and rotating parts of the buoy. Part auxiliary equipment needed is support equipment of navigation, pilotage distance alert, passionate and protective buffer avoiding buoys, boat duty, power, .... There are two types of body floats: - Paul turntable (Turntable buoy): Body floating buoys set static part fixed with rope tied, under section above rotate freely, allowing boats / floating storage around. - Paul pyramid (Turret buoys); Tower is a fixed stator with wire tied. The body of well-established parts can go around the tower, allowing the vessel / floating storage around. Figure 2.9: The pontoon hulls (Buoy Body)

Vessel / floating storage may be forced to float in 2 ways: - Ropes (Hawsers): It is nylon or synthetic fibers. Usually part of the chain is attached to both sides contributed to the recovery, to prevent corrosion, scratching the head. Part of elastic ropes to function reduces vibrations from the load and displacement of the vessel / floating storage. Figure 2.10: Model tied with ropes (Hawsers) - Horizontal bars (Yoke): A hard-beams used to connect to the buoy floating warehouse. This type of risk aversion required for floating storage / boat hit buoy. However, this system can only be used for anchoring a floating storage and long-term fixed costs compared with ropes. Figure 2.11 Model forced by horizontal bar (Yoke)

Another type of large calms Single Buoy Mooring Location is Exposed (ELSBM) are designed for deep-sea and inclement weather. With this type of share float is replaced by a large cylindrical floating structures. Equipped with a helipad, hoisting cables, hoses from the water and block houses. SPAR ELSBM similar, but much larger floating structures, and often repositories to be mined continuously regardless of weather. Often long-term fixed installations. Device force a solitary foot SALM - SINGLE ANCHOR LEG MOORING Equipment mooring systems for offshore oil production. Once installed allowing cargo hold steady at port due to pumping more free-floating than fixed equipment required. The main parts - Buoy Body - Body floats - Universal joint - Multidimensional Coupling - Chain or tubular column with swivel chain - chain attached swivel tubular columns - Flexible pipe - Hoses - Base (ballasted and / or piled) - Stands anchor (type or types of piles sunk)

Figure 2.12: System tied a rope to solitary

Function: SALM device to prevent collision to swivel by letting them sink into the water at a lower level bilge. Any collision is only as you enjoy the light onto the surface and repair is relatively simple and cheap. Swivel underwater part, however, inconvenient for maintenance. To prevent collisions between oil pipe with wire mooring anchors, anchor chains were replaced with bar, often stretched vertically. in shallow water, hose swivel valve manufacturing Pedestal. In deep water valves can be fitted with swivel anchor bar. Allows easy maintenance valves swivel and swivel tube from quilts to ship. The body creates the floats float to other parts installed on it. Floats are tied with Trays seabed anchored by a bar attached to a pedestal anchor, sinking or pile type (ballasted and / or piled), Paul is connected by a wire pedestal anchor or anchor column tube. Ships and buoys are connected to each other, as well as between the buoy and mooring platform in many ways. Goods exported from or through hoses directly onto ships anchored pedestal or pedestal anchor, anchor pipe through the swivel to the ship. Hoses underwater with sufficient length and appropriate for each type of float. Customers are switching from oil storage container to float through one or more tubes floating blanket. Flow through the valve from the float swivel, lets go through the stator and rotating parts of the buoy. Auxiliary parts may have the support of navigation devices for passing vehicles to see, padded to avoid collisions, work boat (boat landing), backup power (battery / power Provisions). Floating storage - Single Anchor Leg Storage (SALS) using SALM mooring equipment designed for specific purposes of oil. SALS floating storage including thin vertical pipe connected to the bottom of the pedestal anchors, beam hard, through multi-dimensional swivel at the top. In hard beam, cavity layout to highlight, to keep the tube vertical (riser) firmly by its features. Hard-beam, connected by horizontal bar storage hard (rigid arm). Pipe as manufactured goods or pipes and pipe joints blanket transfer through multi-dimensional rotation on the train or in the pipeline and no hoses swivel. Swivel valve is installed on the rig, integrated with the necessary hardware. This way swivel (Swivel) is not load-bearing component. Besides swiveling always floating on the water, resulting in reduced demand and more convenient for maintenance. Because of this special characteristic of the mooring system, characterized by non-terminal storage - SALS is almost completely independent in deep waters. Can buoy tied to a mooring anchor pad or round columns. Figure 2.13 System tied with a rope anchor Figure 2.14: System tied with cylindrical

The body has two hulls float float: Float turntable - Turntable; -Turret pyramid buoy (CALM equipment as mentioned above). Vessel / floating storage may be forced to float in 2 ways: Ropes - hawser and beams pointing - Yoke (such as equipment CALM above). The system had a small tower - Turret Fastening system tower - Turrets, including a static parts fastened to base and turns, the part of the hull / floating storage and allows interconnected vessels / floating storage orbiting Turret Tower. The main parts: - Turrets & Spider - Tower and pillows; - Turret casing - Box tower; - Turntable - Stand rotation; - Anchor arrangement - mooring equipment; - Product transfer system - Duct System products. Function: The fixed tower connected to the seabed and gripping tower chassis with hull / floating storage. The two parts of turrets connected together through a system of bearings, allowing revolve around each other, and allows ships / floating storage Turret Tower orbiting passively or actively. Can also rotate between passive coordination with the support of the propeller thrust. This is suitable for a number of weather conditions. Since then floating storage / boat can identify appropriate locations for wind direction, but the flow to minimize the impact on floating storage capacity / vessel. Reduce the size of moorings and anchor system versus a fixed forcing many points. Turret has many other functions; it supports extraction tube / pipe pressing seams; Multithreading and hold swivel joints formed intermediate device between underwater and above water. All fluids, communication systems, electrical and control systems are underwater switch Turrets. Because the pipes are through the inner part of the bearings of the Turret, should it be considered as limiting factors of vertical pipes (risers). So it can affect the capacity of the mine operators. Use Turret, work oil can be done in the form of cave mooring floating storage queue (Tandem). This allows for increased customer time and reducing the risk r blue touch OVA between the floating storage vessel than had fixed forms floating storage. However, there is a floating storage Turret requires making complex installations. Only a few companies in the world capable of manufacturing. There are several types of turrets have been developed. Turrets inside (Internal Turret): This system is usually positioned in front of the hull, between the train sometimes, but very rarely. Turrets inside the system enhanced by a large roller bearings in the bearing, can be found in the bilge or on the deck. Rolled outer ring of the bearings connected to the ship, while the inner ring attached to the fixed portion of the tower turrets. Connection between the lower part of the Turret and swivel handles with structural valve on the deck. Turret interior capable of accommodating large number of his software, capable of transporting large materials. Turrets inside large systems can accommodate over 100 quilts tube. Turret system allows floating storage within fixed long positions, withstand harsh environments, such as the North Sea. Advantages of Turret system inside versus outside Turret is easily passed on to force the ship hull. However, work restrictions are difficult to track more complex, more expensive, and design and manufacture longer than outer turrets. Figure 2:15: Turret inside

Turret outside (external turret): This system is similar Turret inside, however, it is the external hull. It includes a separate box located at the head or tail of the ship made the bracket round turrets and towers. Most Turret placed above the water level, but a few turrets placed below the water level. Bearings fitted with forced hot pad leash, attached to the pipe blanket. Leash tied to the seabed by anchors or piles. Swivel for connecting devices on board with that equipment under the sea. Because turrets placed outside the coal train, so need less Turret conversion inside. Should the maximum capacity. On the other hand the number of tubes can only be a blanket or a few tubes. Because of Turret swivel pedestal outside often put on the water, this system suitable for shallow waters. Like other systems Turrets, Turret outside withstand harsh environmental conditions, as may be around 360. The advantage is a lower investment costs, shorter construction time savings on steel. Figure 2:16: Turret outside (external)

Turret assembly is removed (Disconnectable turret): The working principle is similar to two symmetrical parts, but can be removed and re-installed. This system is well suited for warehouse work in the extreme. When the vessel / floating storage hurricane risk, hurricane or ice, the system will be operated to prevent risks. Turret whispered assembly can be kind Turret Turret inside or outside. Disconnectable Internal Turret - BTM Mooring System: This type usually mounted at the aft body / barges. Section off a large telescopic connector assembly with Turret Buoy required. Float sufficient lifting capacity of supporting the weight of the anchor rope and duct blanket. To resume by pulling floats up under the boat by cables and winches. When the ship leaves the tower still tied positions. External disconnectable turrets - the RTM Mooring system: This type is mounted in the locomotive. The removed automatically in 2 steps. First, remove the pipe blanket. Next is removing the telescopic tower connected hydraulically operated. After removing the vessel to leave the tower location was tied in place. Figure 2:17: Turret type assembly is removed (Disconnectable)

Mooring system large tower - the tower mooring Tower structure fixed on the seabed hard to force long-term space ship / floating storage Ingredients: - Tower - Tower; - Mooring Connection - Systems and equipment required to maintain; - Product transfer system - System pouring product. Function: Tower is a hard structure connected to the seabed. Pedestal swivel tied to the tower, roller bearings, allowing the ship to swing freely around the tower. Pedestal rotation system between the vessel may have more style. Our products are transshipped from the stator installed thickness sea (as valve Underground - Pipe Line End Manifold (PLEM)) through vertical pipes (risers), connected to the tower. From the solution flowing through the pipe stand swivels (swivel) to dragons soft tube, connected to a pipe system with a floating storage tower. Swivel allows flow through the stator to the rotating part. On the top floor tower for the valve, shuttle launch vehicles and auxiliary equipment. There are 3 different types of systems required to maintain the vessel to the tower: The bar system (Yoke system): The bar is connected to the rotating platform with special joints allow ships into and protruding grip. Horizontal bars include a safe ballast water to generate power train service keeps minimum. Two bars are forcing suspension lift and a safe ballast attached to the ship structure. Figure 2:18: Style horizontal bar (Yoke System)

Horizontal bars groundwater system (Submerged yoke system): This system is the same system of entry-level bar, but it's entirely up to underwater to reduce the impact forces of waves, ice. Horizontal bar is not connected to the upper part, which connects to the bottom of the ship to significantly reduce torque. This allows simple design choices as well as structural pedestal tower. The downside of this system is not accessible from the train to the tower. Figure 2:19: Underground Style horizontal bar (Submersible System Yoke) System tied with ropes (hawser system): This system is similar to the usual horizontal bar system, however, the horizontal bar is replaced by the ropes to make the system simpler and cheaper. This system is very easy to remove the assembly, the thong typically required for work cruise line shuttle (shuttle tankers). It is rarely used for floating storage. goods are transported by ship from the tower through the tube can not pour that in hoses sink. Figure 2:20: Style tied with ropes (hawser System)

3.5.2 Distributed Systems tied - Multi Point Mooring (MPMs) This system is designed to keep the vessel / floating storage in a fixed position towards fixed during cargo handling. Anchoring system and cargo systems often separated. There are two types of systems including forced dispersal and long-term fixed moorings system temporary mooring points. Forced dispersal system fixed - Spread Mooring Tanker for Permanent Mooring. Vessel / floating storage location is kept constant using an anchor system. Some speculation anchor into the seabed. Usually 2 column moorings bow and stern 2 ties. This design allows the ship can not go spiraling 360. This system has several advantages: There is no need to structure complex rotating equipment. Hoses can be connected directly from the equipment to be installed under the water valve on the vessel. However, this system is only suitable for some areas of good weather conditions, wind and steady flow. Figure 2:21: forced dispersal system (Spread Mooring System) The main parts: lanyard is connected to the seabed by mooring or anchoring conventional smoking. The wires are stretched tied by winch, then fixed with locking latch to release the tension on the winch: - Anchor normal or suction anchors (suction anchor); - Rope tied (by cable or plastic); - Hoists (winches); - Lock key chain (Chain stoppers). Function: elastic force of the ships anchored in position. This elastic force (prestressed) vessels for hybrid location if it is moving the other way. This is done by stretching the leash or day. A major advantage of the mooring system is because it forces a fixed direction, so no need to rotate around a point system should not need the tower with the large bearings, swiveling to customers. Hoses can leave in the middle of the ship, where there is plenty of space and can be arranged many hoses poured. The cargo can be arranged after the boat tail or tail wiring depends on the weather and water level, or can use float poured. Part moorings in mooring systems forced many general points can be made two ways: system construction chain - anchoring and / or system stretching day: - System leash tied (Catenary mooring line): Chains elastic force created by the weight of the chain and Romanian. Power generated in the direction of sliding. seabed and water surface creates horizontal elastic forces, allowing the ship to keep it in position. Curve shape as the hanging wire or chain link with 2 points do not lie on a vertical axis has the equation: y = k cosh (x / k). Bonding deeper the greater the force that keeps creating. That is the reason for developing methods of stretching force. - System-leash stretched Taut mooring line: Wires are connected to the vessel and connected directly to the seabed. This can only be done by wire lightweight, synthetic fiber rope. This type of wire capable of withstanding great traction and durability. In this case, greater elastic force. - Intermediary Solutions (Intermediate solution): You can select the intermediate solution, at the bottom of the chain and polyester rope connected to the boat. Leashes coercive force greater than polyester. The system had many moorings - Multi Buoy Mooring (MBMS) The system can MBM than traditional moorings systems. This system allows the ship / floating storage can not go spiraling 360. Compared with anchoring system (Spread Mooring System), this system can only be applied to areas near the shore, where the stable weather conditions, winds and currents do not change direction. This system is suitable only for small vessels. The main parts of the system MBM: - The moorings - Multi Mooring buoys; - Equipment anchor - Anchor Arrangement; - Underground valve and hoses underground - PLEM with submersible hose string. Figure 2:22: The system forced many Moorings - Multi Mooring buoys Boats are tied with a couple of moorings. Each mooring configuration may vary depending on the actual situation. A variety of factors have an important role in the system, such as the length of the ship, technological requirements and environmental conditions. Usually ships were forced by 4 points. Each point consists of 1 anchor, 1 and 1 mooring buoy moorings. The advantage of this system compared to fixed-tied system (Spread Mooring Sy) is the ship does not need to use its own mooring system. The moorings are usually equipped with quick coupling assembly operations. Equipment Anchor - anchoring Arrangement. Float is kept constant by some anchor position. Anchor mooring ropes connected with the other end connected to a buoy with padlock. Depending on the circumstances the fact that the layout will be selected anchor. It is the flow, vessel size / type seabed topography and water depth. Underground valve and hoses - PLEM with submersible hose string Underground valve and hoses wireless devices on the seabed with the valve train. The length of the string depends on the water depth, environmental conditions are expected to make goods. Mulberry fibers still underwater when the system does not work and can find salvaged boat buoys service 3.6 Storage of liquid gas well FSRU / FPSO (LNG / CNG / LPG / GTL) Floating storage cooling liquid containing gas production (FSRUs) can provide effective alternatives and flexibility for storage ashore. Offshore installation media can shore (at the port) or the offshore (with a fixed mooring system required long-term). FSRUs floating storage can be closed or transformation from LNG tankers. Depending on the extent of conversion and installation vessel to anchor mooring system (either in or Turret Turret outside) the offshore or nearshore forced into port. Storage container for liquefied natural gas LNG FPSO: design is based on the equipment installed on the body of LNG tankers. Other parts are air tanker technology systems are installed in the upper block (topside) and distributed installations on deck. Depending on the expected processing capacity of the FPSO LNG floating storage and disposal needs gas component input that can block the upper frequency weighting 20000-50000 tonnes for mid-sized floating storage; production from 1.5 to 3 MTPA. For floating storage has a capacity to handle large (3-5MTPA) upper block can be up to 70,000 tons. LPG FPSO floating storage: Currently there are several floating storage of LPG FPSO operates worldwide. According to the registry, it is considered LPG marine works, must also comply with the requirements for construction of LPG with the requirements applicable to floating warehouse (FPSO). FPSO CNG storage container: this appointment with a series of orientation was developed to serve the mining and storing compressed natural. To date, initially focused on air transport, however, this theory is also used for floating storage: large diameter pipes; Coil of small diameter; Composite pressure vessels and pressure pot steel-reinforced composites .. The different solutions were selected including: storage at high pressure (250 bar); At atmospheric pressure and at a pressure Contains moderate and low temperature (about -30 degr C). Sea NG offer solutions using rolled Seamless steel pipe sizes 6 inches or smaller, called Coselle gas is compressed to 220 bar. Coils are placed horizontally in the cargo hold; Knutsen OAS Shipping & Transport LLC EnerSea (VOTRANSTM) suggested using larger piping parallel with the cap at the top end; TransCNG suggested using straight pipes (usually diameter from 24 "- 60" in length up to 25m) surrounded by high quality composite layer called Gas Transport Module (GTM). They are made of reinforced pipe - Composite Reinforced Line Pipe (CRLP); CETech (owned by Hegh LNG Company) proposes to use Composite safes have a diameter of up to 3 meters long and 30 meters to accommodate CNG at a pressure of 150bar. Liquefied gas depots Heavy - Heavy Liquefied Gas (HLG): The recent study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of manufacturing solutions, storage and transportation of LPG HLG. Technology combines the technology of LNG and CNG consider pneumatic (pressurized gas) at temperatures higher LNG liquefaction temperature. This reduces costs and reduced demand for liquefied cup of heavy components from the inlet (feed gas) such as CO2 and LPGs. Repository solution LPG - Gas To Liquids (GTL) technology solution including liquefied petroleum gas chemical conversion of natural gas into high value liquids such as diesel and methanol. The liquid can be easily stored and transported and marketed as the final product. While this fluid has a higher commercial value of LNG, of course it requires the processing complex and expensive than LNG. Technological characteristics and safety for gas-liquid explosives warehouse are detailed in the reference document. Consider these characteristics when choosing research floating warehouse for liquid gas storage conditions consistent with Vietnam's waters. 3.7 Hazards The threat from terminal systems include: - Fire: Fire due to many reasons such as leaking oil and gas to meet the fire; electrostatics; electric shock; lightning; carelessness of humans; vandalism; fire spread from the outside; vehicle collision; equipment does not guarantee ...; - Pollution: Pollution due to many reasons such as leaking petroleum gas, careless operation pump assembly line equipment does not guarantee ...; - Toxic to humans: Humans oil contamination due to many reasons such as careless operation, no protective equipment ...; - The danger of floating storage - no dock port; - In addition to the common danger of the terminal, floating storage - port terminals do not have the risk of collision risk, safety of life at sea, security from weather conditions, activities tied remove the assembly from the people, equipment, and from third parties.