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California Science Test (CAST)Academy
Training of Trainers
California Next Generation Science Standards and the California Science Test: Implications for Teaching and Learning
Spring 2018
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California Science Test Academy Agenda
Session 1: Review the types and roles of assessments in a comprehensive science assessment program. Session 2: Review the California Next Generation Science Standards (CA NGSS), the role of phenomena, and multidimensional items. Session 3: Experience the California Science Test (CAST) training test items. Session 4: Reflect on the instructional demands for students and teachers illustrated by the CAST training test items.
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Introductions
WestEd staff Educational Testing Service (ETS) staff California Department of Education (CDE) staff Participants—Who is here? • Grade level • Role
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Overview of Materials Booklets
• Participant Booklet • Training Test Items Booklet • Training Test Scoring Guide Booklet • Appendix 1 (from the 2016 Science Framework for California Public Schools)
Loose handouts • Dimensions of the CA NGSS • Aligning the Training Test Items • Performance Expectations • Item Specifications
Slide deck Facilitator’s Guide (Draft)
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What word comes to mind when you think of the CA NGSS?
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What word comes to mind when you think of the CAST?
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What the CAST Academy Is andIs Not The CAST Academy is: • An introduction to the CAST item types • An opportunity to reflect on the instructional implications of the new item types, for the teacher and student
The CAST Academy is not: • An introduction to the basics of the CA NGSS • A training focused on increasing science content knowledge
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Appoint a Table Spokesperson
Ensure that al l voices are heard. Be prepared to share with the larger group.
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Objectives (1)
Develop a shared understanding of the intended purposes and uses of formative, interim/benchmark, and summative assessments. Understand the design of the CAST. Understand the role of performance tasks in providing robust evidence of student learning.
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Why a New Science Test?
New standards require new assessments of all types— formative, interim/benchmark, summative. The new standards represent significant shifts. • Previous standards included separate content and investigation/experimentation standards. • The CA NGSS is three-dimensional, integrating science and engineering practices, disciplinary core ideas, and crosscutting concepts.
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How We Got Here: Key Events
2013 2014 2015 2016 20182017 2019
September California
State Board of Education
(SBE) adopts CA NGSS
January–February CA NGSS Framework
Focus Groups & Public Comment
March–May Science Leadership
Team develops State Implementation Plan
for CA NGSS
July Begin Science Assessment Stakeholder
Meetings
April– December CA NGSS Rollout Phase 1
April– December CA NGSS Rollout Phase 2
November SBE adopts the Science Curriculum Framework
March SBE adopts
the California
Science Test
April– December CA NGSS Rollout Phase 3
March–July CAST Pilot Test
March 2017–November 2018 K–8 Science Instructional Materials
Review
May– December CA NGSS Rollout Phase 4
October– December CA NGSS Rollout Phase 5
April–July CAST Field Test
May– June
Accelerating into CA NGSS
January–July CAST
Operational Test
We are
here
Legend: Board Action
Planning Professional Learning
Testing
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Examples of Science Assessments
California Science Test (CAST)
Classroom Observations
Field Study Investigations
Teacher-Created Tests/Quizzes
AP Exams
Publisher Tests Classroom
Discussions
End-of-Unit Tests Student-Developed
Models
Student Group Work
Student Portfolios
Controlled Experiments
Interim/BenchmarkAssessments
End-of-Course Exams
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Types of Assessments
One way assessments can be categorized is by how often they occur:
Short cycle (formative) • Day-by-day, ongoing
Medium cycle (interim/benchmark) • Approximately quarterly or every six weeks
Long cycle (summative) • At the end of a course, a semester, or a year
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Short Feedback Cycle—Formative Assessment Process Description: • “Formative Assessment is a deliberate process used by teachers and students during instruction that provides actionable feedback used to adjust ongoing teaching and learning strategies to improve students’ attainment of curricular learning targets/goals.”²
Purposes: • Provide immediate or very rapid feedback to teachers and students.
• Provide evidence that can be used to adjust teaching and learning.
²Smarter Balanced: The Formative Assessment Process. 2015. Retrieved from http://www.smarterbalanced.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Formative-Assessment-Process.pdf
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A Few Examples of Formative Science Assessments
California Science Test (CAST)
Classroom Observations
Field Study Investigations
Teacher-Created Tests/Quizzes
AP Exams
Publisher Tests Classroom
Discussions
End-of-Unit Tests Student-Developed
Models
Student Group Work
Student Portfolios
Controlled Experiments
Interim/BenchmarkAssessments
End-of-Course Exams
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Medium Feedback Cycle—Interim/Benchmark Assessment Description: • “Interim/benchmark assessments . . . address intermediate goals on the way to meeting end-of-year, or end-of-course goals. Typically administered quarterly or every six weeks, they cover a shorter period of instruction than long-cycle assessments and, consequently, provide more detail about student learning, although not enough to guide day-to-day teaching and learning.”³ Purposes: • Monitor students’ academic progress toward longer-term goals. • Inform school improvement planning. ³2016 Science Framework for California Public Schools, Chapter 9 Assessment
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A Few Examples of Interim/Benchmark Science Assessments
California Science Test (CAST)
Classroom Observations
Field Study Investigations
Teacher-Created Tests/Quizzes
AP Exams
Publisher Tests Classroom
Discussions
End-of-Unit Tests Student-Developed
Models
Student Group Work
Student Portfolios
Controlled Experiments
Interim/BenchmarkAssessments
End-of-Course Exams
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Long Feedback Cycle—Summative Assessment Description: • May be referred to as a “culminating assessment” or an “end-of-course” assessment
• Provides information on students’ knowledge and skills relative to learning standards • May be used for “high-stakes” purposes Purposes: • Provide an overall description of students’ learning status. • Monitor and evaluate student achievement at the group level. • Inform program-level and school-improvement planning.
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A Few Examples of Summative Science Assessments
California Science Test (CAST)
Classroom Observations
Field StudyInvestigations
Teacher-Created Tests/Quizzes
AP Exams
Publisher Tests
End-of-Unit Tests
Classroom Discussions
Student-Developed Models
End-of-Course Exams
Interim/BenchmarkAssessments
Portfolios
Controlled Experiments
Student
Student Group Work
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From Assessment Types to Item Types Different item types elicit different information about student learning and can be used for different purposes. Some example item types include: • Selected response (e.g., multiple choice single select, multiple select) • Fill-in-blank • Technology-enhanced items (e.g., drag and drop, inline choice, simulation) • Constructed response • Performance task (i.e., a set of items with a common stimulus)
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CAST Operational Test Design (1) Assessment Segment A
Assessment Segment B
Assessment Segment C
Scope and Depth of
Measurement
Measures a broad sample of
CA NGSS performance
expectations (PEs)
Deep measurement of a
targeted sample of a few PEs provided in item sets
Broad and deep— full range of
measurement of PEs for each
grade span.
Number of Items
32 to 34 discrete (stand-
alone) items
2 performance tasks with 4 to 6 items each
1 performance task with 4 to 6
items OR 6 to 7 discrete (stand-
alone) items See also page 6 of the Participant Booklet.
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CAST Operational Test Design (2) Assessment Segment A
Assessment Segment B
Assessment Segment C
Reporting Level
Contributes to student and group scores
Contributes to student and group scores
Contributes to group scores
Type of Items
Includes selected-response, technology-
enhanced, machine-scorable items
Two 4- to 6-item PTs (item sets)—includes selected-response, technology-enhanced, and constructed response items
Includes selected-response, technology-enhanced items (like
segment A) OR a single PT (like segment B)
PEs Measured by Grade/ Grade Span
Grade 5: G3–5 PEs* Grade 8: G6–8 PEs Grades 10, 11, or 12: G9–12 PEs
Grade 5: G3–5 PEs* Grade 8: G6–8 PEs Grades 10, 11, or 12: G9–12 PEs
Grade 5: G3–5 PEs* Grade 8: G6–8 PEs Grades 10, 11, or 12: G9–12 PEs
*also includes the foundational concepts introduced in K–G2
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Why Performance Tasks?
READ: Performance Tasks from 2016 Science Framework for California Public Schools, page 7, in the Participant Booklet.
DO: Mark 2–3 of the most important words and/or phrases (highlight, underline, or circle).
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Key Phrases
. . . assess a single PE or a bundle of related PEs . . . . . . centered around phenomena . . . . . . use and apply what they know . . . . . . conduct science and engineering within the classroom . . .
2016 Science Framework for California Public Schools, Chapter 9, pp.13-14.
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Reflect
Talk Listen
Reflect and Share: Performance Tasks
What is the value to both teachers and students of using performance tasks in science assessments?
• How might evidence gathered from a performance task differ from evidence provided by discrete (standalone) items?
• What is the value to both teachers and students of using performance tasks as formative, interim/benchmark, and summative assessments?
Capture your thinking in the Performance Tasks graphic organizer (p. 8 in the Participant Booklet). Share your thoughts at your tables.
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Session 2: Review the CA NGSS, Role of Phenomena, and Concept ofMultidimensional Items
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Objectives (2)
Understand the organization of the CA NGSS. Examine the structure of a CA NGSS performance expectation (PE) and deconstruct each dimension.
Analyze a multidimensional item. Recognize the role of phenomena in instruction and assessment of the CA NGSS.
Examine a CAST item specification and understand the role of item specifications in the development of the CAST.
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Three Dimensions of the CA NGSS The Science and Engineering
Practices are what scientists and engineers DO.
The Disciplinary Core Ideas are what scientists and engineers KNOW.
The Crosscutting Concepts are how scientists and engineers THINK.
*
*The CA NGSS logo is a registered trademark of Achieve.
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Science and EngineeringPractices (SEPs) The CA NGSS contain eight SEPs that develop across the grade bands: 1. Asking Questions and Defining Problems 2. Developing and Using Models 3. Planning and Carrying Out Investigations 4. Analyzing and Interpreting Data 5. Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking 6. Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions 7. Engaging in Argument from Evidence 8. Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information
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Domains of the Disciplinary Core Ideas
Physical Sciences Life Sciences Earth and Space Sciences Engineering, Technology, and Application of Science
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Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs) PS1: Matter and Its Interactions PS2: Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions PS3: Energy PS4: Waves and Their Applications
LS1: From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes LS2: Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics LS3: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits LS4: Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity
ESS1: Earth’s Place in the Universe ESS2: Earth’s Systems ESS3: Earth and Human Activity
ETS1: Engineering Design ETS2: Links Among Engineering, Technology, Science, and Society
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Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)
The CA NGSS contain seven CCCs that develop across the grade bands: 1. Patterns 2. Cause and Effect 3. Scale, Proportion, and Quantity 4. Systems and System Models 5. Energy and Matter 6. Structure and Function 7. Stability and Change
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Analyze a Multidimensional Item
Read the item on page 10 of the Participant Booklet. Use the Dimensions of the NGSS handout to answer these questions. In order to respond correctly to the item: • Which SEP(s) would a student need to use? • Which DCI(s) would a student need to understand? • Which CCC(s) would a student need to apply?
A student filled a plastic cup with ice cubes and placed a lid on the cup. The empty cup with the lid weighed 20 grams. The cup with the lid and the ice cubes weighed 180 grams. The student used a hair dryer to gently heat the ice cubes. After all the ice melted, the student weighed the cup with the lid and the liquid water. The diagram shows the changes that took place.
Empty Cup with Lid ~ ~
~--------__...L.--::
After Heating ~ ------.c;:;: ~ ____...,__...L.--::
Complete the bar graph to show the weight of the ice cubes and the weight of the liquid water.
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"' E I! .., C .. .c -~ ., 3:
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
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Ice cubes Liquid water
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As a Table Group:Analyze a Multidimensional Item
In your table group: • Share your thoughts on the SEP(s), DCI(s), and CCC(s) assessed by the item.
• Discuss how the item gathers evidence of student understanding of each dimension.
A student filled a plastic cup with ice cubes and placed a lid on the cup. The empty cup with the lid weighed 20 grams. The cup with the lid and the ice cubes weighed 180 grams. The student used a hair dryer to gently heat the ice cubes. After all the ice melted, the student weighed the cup with the lid and the liquid water. The diagram shows the changes that took place.
Empty Cup with Lid ~~
~-------d--::::
After Heating ~~
~__________..--'_J.,,:
Complete the bar graph to show the weight of the ice cubes and the weight of the liquid water.
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"' E f: 0)
.!: l: 0) ·.; 3:
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
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Ice cubes Liquid water
Structure of a PE (1)
PE statementClarification StatementAssessment Boundary
Foundation Boxes
Also see Participant Booklet, page 11.
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Structure of a PE (2) 5-PS1 Matter and its Interactions
Students who demonstrate understanding can
5-PS1-2 .. Measure and graph quantities to provide evidence that regardless of the type of change that occurs when heating, cooling, or mixing substances, the total weight of matter is conserved. [Clarification Statement: Examples of reactions or changes could include phase changes, dissolving, and mixing that form new substances.] [Assessment Boundary.- Assessment does not include distinguishing mass and wei ht
The performance expectation above was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education.-
s\.i,IClll\,,,,C' GIIU a;;;;;11y11n;c:.1111g
Practices Using Mathematics and Com utational Thinkin
Disci~lina!)'. Core Ideas
PS1 .A: Structure and Pro erties of Matter • The amount (weight) of
matter is conserved when it changes form, even in transit ions in which it seems to vanish .
PS1 .B: Chemical Reactions
• Standard units are used to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume.
Crosscutting Concepts
Mathematical and computational th inking in 3-5 builds on K-2 experiences and progresses to extending quantitative measurements t a variety of physical properties and using computation and mathematics to analyze data and compare alternative
.e.sin solutions • Measure and graph
quantities such as weight to address scientific and engineering questions and problems
.,, __ _ CCC Grade-Band-Specific Bullet
DCI Grade-Band-Specific Bullet SEP Grade-Band Description
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SEP Grade-Band-Specific Bullet
Also see Participant Booklet, page 11.
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As a Table Group: Deconstructing a PE
Discuss the following questions for the example PE, 5-PS1-2.
The PE statement: What does the PE statement reveal about how students are expected to combine practices, knowledge, and connections to crosscutting concepts?
The Clarification Statement and the Assessment Boundary: What are the implications of the Clarification Statement and the Assessment Boundary for instruction and for assessment?
The dimensions: How do the foundation boxes support the interpretation of the PE?
You may use the graphic organizer on page 12 of the Participant Booklet.
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SE DC
CCC
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As a Table Group: Deconstructing theDimensions of a PE
On poster paper or the large paper on your table, answer these questions: What are the discrete skills and knowledge in the PE? What would be evidence of student learning for each dimension of the PE?
The progressions in the Appendix 1 handout may be helpful.
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Role of Phenomena in the CAST Design Scientific Phenomena
• Phenomena are observable events that occur in the universe that make you wonder “what,” “how,” or “why.”
• They must be engaging but don’t have to be phenomenal. • Provide opportunities for sense-making using an integration of the three dimensions to explain or make sense of the phenomenon.
Table groups: Generate a list of 2–3 phenomena that could be used in the classroom to facilitate student learning of the example PE, 5-PS1-2.
You may use the graphic organizer on page 14 of the Participant Booklet.
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The CAST Item Characteristics
Items are set in a context suggested by a phenomenon.
Each item is multidimensional. A single item is unlikely to assess all components of each dimension of a PE.
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CAST Item Specifications Tools for item writers
• Ensure items align with the claim made by the PE • Strategies for developing multidimensional items
Guides for reviewers • Alignment of items • Valid assessment of the PE
Tools for educators • Understanding the three-dimensional nature of the assessment
• Strategies for developing items for formative, interim/benchmark, and summative use in the classroom
Source: CAST Item Specifications and ECD Documentation 44
Code and Title
Performance Ex1pectati,on
Clarification Statement
Asse.ssment Boundary
Science a1n 1d E ngi neeri ng Practice:s:
Sub-Practice
Sub-Practice Assessment Targets
DCI Assessment 'Targets
CCC Assessment Tar-gets
PoiSs ilble Phenomena or Co,ntexts"'
Exam piles of Integration of Assessment T.a rgets. and
Evide•nce
Co,mmon Misconce1ptions"'
Additi:onall Assessment Boundaries
*No,t an exhaustive list
Disciplinary Core Ideas: 1Crosscutt i ng Conce•pts:
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Structure of the CAST Item Specifications
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As a Table Group: Using theCAST Item Specification
Use the CAST item specification for 5-PS1-2 in your loose handouts to do the following: Compare the Assessment Targets for each dimension in the item specification to the discrete skills, knowledge, and evidence on your poster. Compare the Examples of Integration of Assessment Targets in the item specification to the example item. Consider any revisions to your deconstruction of the PE in light of the information in the item specification.
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Reflect and Share Reflect
Talk Listen
How do you see yourself using the item specifications as a resource? What would be best uses of the item specifications? How might you use the item specifications to inform teaching and learning? Capture your thinking on page 16 in the Participant Booklet. Share your thoughts at your table.
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Objectives (3)
• Experience California Science Test (CAST) discrete items and performance tasks from the perspective of a student.
• Understand the design of CAST items and scoring rubrics.
• Understand the alignment of the items as an integration of multiple dimensions of a performance expectation.
• Reflect on the instructional demands for students and teachers illustrated by the CAST Training Test items.
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The Test Development ProcessAssessment development
experts receive new items/PTs from item
writers
Assessment development experts
and accessibility expertsreview and revise
items/PTs
Educator participants
review items/PTs
Assessment development
experts reconcile recommended edits
CDE reviews/ approves items/PTs
Census Pilot/Field test
items/PTs
Educator participants review items with
field test data
CAST Item Review Copyright © 2018 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved
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CAST Training Test Demo
Online training test: http://www.caaspp.org/practice-and-
training/index.html
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Taking the Training Test
Individually and as a student, complete the grade five, grade eight, or high school training test items in the CAST Training Test Items booklet.
Consider these questions as you interact with the items: • How would your students react to items like these?
oWhat would they be good at? oWhat would they struggle with?
• How are phenomena used in the items and performance task?
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Reflect: CAST Training Test Initial Reactions
Reflect on your experience with the items. • What would students need to know and/or experienceto successfully respond to these items that is differentthan for pre–CA NGSS items?
• How are the demands different for discrete items as compared to items grouped in a performance task?
• What potential barriers might special populations and other students, in general, encounter in the items?
Capture your thoughts on page 18 in the ParticipantBooklet.
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As a Table Group:Debriefing the CAST Items
With your table group, begin to brainstorm a shared list. • What would students need to know and/or experience to successfully respond to these items that is different than for pre–CA NGSS items? • How are the demands different for discrete items as compared to items grouped in a performance task? • What potential barriers might special populations and other students, in general, encounter in the items?
You may use the graphic organizer on page 19 in the Participant Booklet.
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The diagram shows how the fish and plants interact wit h each other in the fish tank.
Carbon Dioxide
Fish !Plants
Describe what would most likely ha ppen in the fish tank if the plants were removed . Enter your answer in the box provided .
3 Lake A 1-point response: M icrocosm Exemplar(s ):
• "If plants are gone there is no oxygen for the fish and the fi sh get sick or die." OR
• "Fish need oxygen from plants so if there are no plants fish could get hurt ." OR
• "Plants give oxygen t hat f ish need so if t here are no plants fish don't get enough oxygen and get sick or die."
Rubric: The student recognizes t hat if the plants are removed, the level of oxygen wou ld decrease and put the health of the fi sh at risk.
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...
I
Scoring Terms Stimulus
Item
Exemplar and rubric
All terms are in Key Terms, page 28 in the Participant Booklet.
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Scoring Your Responses
Use the Training Test Scoring Guide booklet to score your responses to the
items.
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As a Table Group:Debriefing the Scoring Experience
• Discuss your scores for the constructed response item (grades five and eight) or items (high school). • Based on the scoring guide, what do students need to know and be able to do to successfully complete items like the training test items? • Edit or annotate your shared list as needed based on the table discussion. You may use the graphic organizer on page 20 of the Participant Booklet.
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Aligning theCAST Training Test Items
For each item in the grade-level training test, fill in the Aligning the Task (#2) handout to indicate: • Which of the SEPs are students likely to use? • Which DCIs will students need to use? • Which of the CCCs are students likely use?
Item SEP DCI CCC 1 2
Refer to the handout, Dimensions of the CA NGSS (#1), for the list of SEPs, DCIs, and CCCs.
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As a Table Group:Alignment Discussion
Discuss your alignments for each item and compare to the alignments in the Training Test Scoring Guide. • Remember—the overlapping and integrated nature of the dimensions means it’s sometimes possible to see more than one alignment.
Edit or annotate your shared list as needed based on the table discussion.
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Reflect: Instructional Implications ofthe Scoring Process
Think about the training test items for your grade level and look back at your table’s shared list.
What kinds of learning experiences and assessment opportunities would support students’ success on items like these?
Make some notes on the graphic organizer on page 21 in the Participant Booklet and be ready to share with your table in Session 4.
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Session 4: Implications of the CAST Item Types andTest Design for Teaching and Learning
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Objectives (4)
• Reflect on the instructional implications and demands for teaching and learning to demonstrate success on items like those illustrated by the CAST Training Test.
• Consider ideas for developing CA NGSS–aligned lessons, formative assessment opportunities, and other types of assessments that will support all students’ learning and performance on the CAST.
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As a Table Group:Share Instructional Implications
Share your reflections: • What kinds of learning experiences and assessment opportunities would support students’ success on items like these?
Review the loose handout #3, Instructional Shifts Required by the CA NGSS. • Discuss how these shifts align with your thinking about the learning experiences and assessment opportunities that would support your students.
You may use the graphic organizer on page 23 of the Participant Booklet.
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As a Table Group:Learning Experiences andAssessment Opportunities Poster
Make a poster of ideas for learning experiences and assessment opportunities that support student progress toward the learning goals of the CA NGSS Briefly describe ideas for one to two new learning experiences you can implement for students in your setting. Describe how each new learning experience includes the use of a phenomenon and the integration of the three dimensions of the CA NGSS. Describe ideas for using assessments that can scaffold your students’ learning in the context of the new experiences.
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Gallery Walk Visit each poster • Identify ideas that seem most relevant to your studentsand/or instructional context. Note these ideas in thegraphic organizer on page 25 in the Participant Booklet.• Use a sticky note to provide constructive feedback.
Return to your own poster • Review the feedback provided to your team.• Share ideas identified during the gallery walk that seemmost relevant.• Discuss any additions and/or revisions to your poster.
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Reflect
Talk Listen
Closing Thoughts and Takeaways
Reflect on today’s session and discuss with your table group:• What strategies did you learn that are most relevant toyour classroom instruction or context?
• What ideas will you take back to the classroom, school,and/or LEA?
• What actions can you take to enhance your capacity tosupport effective teaching and learning of the CA NGSS?
Share ideas with larger group.You may use the graphic organizer on page 26 of the Participant Booklet.
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Additional CAST Resources California Science Standards https://www.cde.ca.gov/pd/ca/sc/ngssintrod.asp
2016 California Science Framework https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/sc/cf/scifwprepubversion.asp
California Science Test https://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/ca/caasppscience.asp
California Science Test Informational Video https://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/ca/castpilotvideo.asp
California Science Test Administration http://www.caaspp.org/administration/about/science/
CAST Training Test http://www.caaspp.org/practice-and-training/
CAST Training Items Scoring Guides http://www.caaspp.org/ta-resources/practice-training.html
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Copyright Restrictions Permission is granted in advance for reproduction of these resources, in part or in their entirety, for the explicit use by educators to better understand the California Science Test. For any other purpose (including commercial enterprises), this resource, or portions thereof, may not be reproduced without permission from the California Department of Education. To obtain permission to reproduce the information (text or graphics) contained in this document, submit the specifics of your request in writing to the Copyright Program Office, Communications Division, California Department of Education, 1430 N Street, Suite 5602, Sacramento, CA 95814. Fax: 916-319-0100.
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Thank you!
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