Prof. Dr. techn. G. Scheffknecht

Institute of Combustion and Power Plant Technology

Heiko Dieter

Trondheim, TCCS 8, June 18th, 2015

Calcium Looping Post Combustion CO2 Capture:

A promising technology for emission free

cement production

The Calcium Looping Process for Power Plants

1 Schaupp et al., EnBW, Final Report CaL-Mod Project, 2013 2 Dieter et al., Energy Procedia, 2014

* Including compression

2

Flue

Gas

Air

Coal

ASU

O2

N2

CO2-lean Flue Gas

CO2-rich

Flue Gas

CO2 to Storage

CaO (+CO2)

CaORegenerator

T = 900 CCaCO3 + Heat CO2 + CaO

CoalAir

CO2

Conditioning

Make-up Limestone

Purge

Carbonator

T = 650 CCO2 + CaO CaCO3 + Heat

Coal-fired

Powerplant

G 1

SteamGenerator

CaL Steam Generator

G 2

Low CO2 Capture Costs1

26,8 €/tCO2*

Low Efficiency Penalty2

7,8 %*

Process Characterisation

Electr. heated

10 kWth facility

Charitos et al.,

Abanades

et al.

TGA Sorbent

Characterisation

Grasa et al.

R&D Roadmap Calcium Looping Process

3

Process Idea

Commerical

Plant

Labscale

Process

Simulation

10 kWth –

DFB

Facility

0,2 -1,7 MWth

Pilot Plants

Process

Demonstration

Demo

Plants

(20 MWth)

Shimizu

et al.

1999

Process Demonstration:

Realistic Process

Conditions

• No external heating

• Real Flue Gas

• Oxyfuel Calcination

• Coal influence (S, ash)

Process Simulation & Cost Calculations

Hawthorne et al., Poboss et al., Abanades et al.

Fuel

The 200 kWth Calcium-Looping Pilot Plant

L-valve

Loop Seal

Flue Gas

O2+CO2

O2 + CO2

CO2-lean

Flue Gas

CaO

CaCO3

O2 + CO2

CO2-rich Gas

Turbulent Carbonator

High flue gas load

flexibility

BFB-TFB-CFB

No entrainment

required for solid

cicrulation

Plant sizes < 200 MWth

Operating Window

Flue Gas Load:

50 - 200 kWth

Sorbent Looping Ratio:

3-13 molCaO/molCO2

(≈ 100-1000 kgCa/h)

Total Solid Inventory:

70-120 kg CaO/CaCO3

Pilot Plant operational results

5

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Tem

pe

ratu

re [

°C]

T Regenerator

T Carbonator

60

70

80

90

100

CO

2 C

aptu

re [

%]

ECO2

0

5

10

15

20

8:05 9:05 10:05 11:05 12:05 13:05

CO

2C

on

c. [

vol-

%]

yCO2, in

yCO2,out

Over 90% capture efficiency achieved over a wide range of operating conditions

Effect of water vapor in real flue gas

Capture efficiencies for real flue

gas close to chemical equilibrium

Efficiency potential identified with real flue gas incl. water vapor (15 vol.-%)

Improvement potential with real flue

gas up to 60 % identified in pilot

experiments

Calciner performance at oxy-fuel combustion

Successful oxy-fuel regeneration with flue

gas recycle

Full calcination of sorbent

Calciner CO2 outlet concentrations

above 90 vol.-%,dry

Excess O2 outlet concentrations

below 3 vol.-%,dry

Inlet O2 concentrations above

50 vol.-%,dry without temperature peaks

in the riser

7

Fuel

L-valve

Loop Seal

Flue Gas

O2+CO2

O2 + CO2

CO2-lean

Flue Gas

CaO

CaCO3

O2 + CO2

CO2-rich Gas

Simulation of process efficiency

CO2 capture model:

Implemented in ASPEN

Plus Simulation

Prediction of CO2

capture efficiency

Validated with data from

pilot scale experiments

Used for process optimization and identification of efficiency potential Charitos et al.

Process optimization by simulations

Design tool to identify optimum operating points by process simulations

Identification of minimum required

sorbent make-up ratio

Optimization of looping ratio to safe

fuel for calcination

MU= Sorbent Make-Up ratio (molCacO3/molCO2) Tau= specific sorbent inventory (molCa/molCO2 s)

10

Source: cement.hoganasbjuf.com

The Horizon 2020 project CEMCAP

CO2-lean

Flue Gas

CaO

CaCO3

CO2-rich Gas

Following presentation by M. Romano

Goals of CEMCAP

11

The objectives of this WP are to:

• Increase TRL of Calcium Looping technology for cement plants from 4 to 6

• Optimize and adapt process parameters (make up flows, solids type, etc) to achieve a high

process efficiency

• Develop a novel integrated concept with high potential to reduce cost and energy penalty,

providing the basis for a detailed design of a pilot to reach TRL6.

Leading CaL concept: Calcium Looping post combustion

capture operated in twin CFB fluidized bed reactors. Integrated CaL concept operated in

entrained-flow carbonator/calciner.

Demonstration of Calcium Looping post combustion capture for cement

Optimization of operating and process conditions

Development of an integrated Calcium Looping cement process

Calcium Looping Post combustion capture

Addi-

tive

Integrated CaL cement process

Summary

Next steps:

Demonstration and optimization of Calcium Looping for cement application

Calcium Looping successfully demonstrated at pilot scale for power plants

Validated process model developed as process design tool for scale up

Thank you for your interest!

This demonstration work at pilot scale was conducted within a joint university-industrial research &

development project funded by EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG and the European project

CaL-Mod funded by the Research Fund for Coal and Steal (RFCS-2010-00013).

13

Contact:

Heiko Dieter

Institute of Combustion and Power Plant Technology,

University of Stuttgart

heiko.dieter@ifk.uni-stuttgart.de

Thank you for your attention!

Acknowledgement

This presentation was enabled by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020

research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 641185

www.sintef.no/cemcap

Twitter: @CEMCAP_CO2

Disclaimer: The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute endorsement of the contents which reflects the

views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein