• Calcium• Hydrogen• Copper• Nickel• Chlorine• Helium• Oxygen• Iron• Iodine• Arsenic

• Name: Calcium Symbol: Ca Atomic Number: 20 Atomic Mass: 40.078 amu Melting Point: 839.0 °C (1112.15 °K, 1542.2 °F) Boiling Point: 1484.0 °C (1757.15 °K, 2703.2 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 20 Number of Neutrons: 20 Classification: Alkaline Earth Crystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 1.55 g/cm3 Color: Silvery

• Date of Discovery: 1808 Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy Name Origin: From the latin word calcis (lime) Uses: life forms for bones and shells Obtained From: chalk, limestone, marble. 3.5% of crust

• Name: Hydrogen Symbol: H Atomic Number: 1 Atomic Mass: 1.00794 amu Melting Point: -259.14 °C (14.009985 °K, -434.45203 °F) Boiling Point: -252.87 °C (20.280005 °K, -423.166 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 1 Number of Neutrons: 0 Classification: Non-metalCrystal Structure: Hexagonal Density @ 293 K: 0.08988 g/cm3 Color: colorless

• Date of Discovery: 1766 Discoverer: Henry Cavendish Name Origin: From the Greek words hudôr (water) and gennan (generate) Uses: Balloons, metal refining Obtained From: mines, oil, gas wells

• Name: Copper Symbol: Cu Atomic Number: 29 Atomic Mass: 63.546 amu Melting Point: 1083.0 °C (1356.15 °K, 1981.4 °F) Boiling Point: 2567.0 °C (2840.15 °K, 4652.6 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 29 Number of Neutrons: 35 Classification: Transition Metal

• Crystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 8.96 g/cm3 Color: red/orange

• Date of Discovery: Known to the ancients Discoverer: Unknown Name Origin: From the Latin word cyprium, after the island of Cyprus Uses: electrical conductor, jewelry, coins, plumbing Obtained From: chalcopyrite, coveline, chalcosine

• Name: Nickel Symbol: Ni Atomic Number: 28 Atomic Mass: 58.6934 amu Melting Point: 1453.0 °C (1726.15 °K, 2647.4 °F) Boiling Point: 2732.0 °C (3005.15 °K, 4949.6 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 28 Number of Neutrons: 31 Classification: Transition MetalCrystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 8.902 g/cm3 Color: white

• Date of Discovery: 1751 Discoverer: Alex Cronstedt Name Origin: From the German word kupfernickel (false copper) Uses: electroplating metal alloys, nickel-cadmium batteries Obtained From: pentlandite

• Name: Chlorine Symbol: Cl Atomic Number: 17 Atomic Mass: 35.4527 amu Melting Point: -100.98 °C (172.17 °K, -149.764 °F) Boiling Point: -34.6 °C (238.55 °K, -30.279997 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 17 Number of Neutrons: 18 Classification: Halogen Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic Density @ 293 K: 3.214 g/cm3 Color: green

• Date of Discovery: 1774 Discoverer: Carl Wilhelm Scheele Name Origin: From the Greek word khlôros (green) Uses: Water purification, bleaches Obtained From: Salt

Name: Helium Symbol: He Atomic Number: 2 Atomic Mass: 4.002602 amu Melting Point: -272.0 °C (1.15 °K, -457.6 °F) Boiling Point: -268.6 °C (4.549994 °K, -451.48 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 2 Number of Neutrons: 2 Classification: Noble Gas Crystal Structure: Hexagonal Density @ 293 K: 0.1785 g/cm3 Color: colorless

Date of Discovery: 1895 Discoverer: Sir William Ramsey Name Origin: From the Greek word hêlios (sun) Uses: balloons, deep sea diving Obtained From: natural gas deposit, air

Name: Oxygen Symbol: O Atomic Number: 8 Atomic Mass: 15.9994 amu Melting Point: -218.4 °C (54.750008 °K, -361.12 °F) Boiling Point: -183.0 °C (90.15 °K, -297.4 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 8 Number of Neutrons: 8 Classification: Non-metalCrystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 1.429 g/cm3 Color: colorless

Date of Discovery: 1774 Discoverer: Joseph Priestly Name Origin: From the Greek words oxus (acid) and gennan (generate)

Uses: supports life Obtained From: from liquid air

Name: Iron Symbol: Fe Atomic Number: 26 Atomic Mass: 55.845 amu Melting Point: 1535.0 °C (1808.15 °K, 2795.0 °F) Boiling Point: 2750.0 °C (3023.15 °K, 4982.0 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 26 Number of Neutrons: 30 Classification: Transition MetalCrystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 7.86 g/cm3 Color: Silvery

Date of Discovery: Known to the ancients Discoverer: Unknown Name Origin: Latin Symbol Origin: From the Latin word ferrum (iron) Uses: steel, hemoglobin (carries oxygen in blood) Obtained From: iron ores

• Name: Arsenic Symbol: As Atomic Number: 33 Atomic Mass: 74.9216 amu Melting Point: 817.0 °C (1090.15 °K, 1502.6 °F) Boiling Point: 613.0 °C (886.15 °K, 1135.4 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 33 Number of Neutrons: 42 Classification: Metalloid Crystal Structure: Rhombohedral Density @ 293 K: 5.72 g/cm3 Color: Gray

• Date of Discovery: Known to the ancients Discoverer: Unknown Name Origin: From the Greek word arsenikos and the Latin word arsenicum Uses: Poison, conducts electricity, semiconductors Obtained From: mispickel

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