1

1

R—G

VD1: Trong C6H5CH2OH thì C6H5CH2–

VD2: CH2=CHCH2—Cl + NaOH CH2=CHCH2—OH + NaCl.

Tên nhóm

CTCTCTCT

halogen–X

(X = halogen)–X halogen CH3Cl

Ancol –O—H –OH CH3OH

–CHO CH3CHO

Axit

cacboxylic–COOH cacboxyl CH3COOH

Este –COO– este CH3COOCH3

Amin –NH2 amin CH3NH2

–C—H

O

–C—OH

O

–N—H

H

–C—O–

O

2

1 3CH2OH + Na CH3CH2ONa + ½H2.

3CH2OH là

A) CH3. B) OH. C) ONa. D) CHO.

2 3CHO + Ag2O CH3COOH + 2Ag.

3CHO là

A) CH3. B) CHO.

C) CH3COOH. D) OH.

3 3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O.

3COOH là

A) CH3. B) COOH.

C) COONa. D) CO.

4A) HCOOC2H5. B) CH3CH2OH.

C) CH3CH2COOH. D) HCHO.

5A) HCOOCH3. B) CH3COOH.

C) CH3COOCH3. D) CH3COOC2H5.

6A) HCOOCH3, CH3CH2OH, CH3COOCH=CH2.

B) HCOOH, HCHO, HCOOCH3.

C) HCOOCH3, CH3COOCH3, CH3COOCH=CH2.

D) CH3COOH, CH2=CHCOOH, C6H5COOCH3.

7A) CH3CH2OH. B) CH3CHO.

C) CH3COOH. D) CH3COOCH3.

8 3COOH là sai:

A) CH3COOH và HCOOCH3

B) CH3

C) CH3

D) CH3

3

2

• VD3: CH3CH2OH, CH3COOH, …

• VD4: CH2=CHCH2OH, HCOOCH=CH2, …

• VD5: C6H5COOH, …

•

VD6: CH3OH, C6H5COOCH3, …

•

VD7: HOCH2CH2OH, (COOH)2, …

•

VD8: H2NCH2COOH, HOC–COOH, …

HOOC–CH2CH2–

A) B)

C) D)

A 2=CHCOOH. X là axit

A)

B)

C)

D)

B

A)

B)

C)

D)

C 2–CHOH–CH2OH. Z là ancol

A)

B)

C)

D)

HOC CHO

4

3

–

k = kR + kG R và kG

VD9:

k = 1.k 2

4

• nH2n+2–2kOa.

• nH2n+2–2k+bOaNb.

VD10:

kR = 1.

kG

•

nH2n–4O4.

k 3

D(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

5

VD11: 2H3O. Hãy xác

2H3O)n hay C2nH3nOn.

kR = 0.

có n nhóm CHO kG =n

2 2n 3n nk 1 1

2 2

k n

1

2

và k = 2 4H6O2.1 2

E 3H4O3.

A) C3H4O3. B) C6H8O6.

C) C9H12O9. D) C6H8O3.

F 2.

A) CHO2. B) CH2O.

C) C2H2O4. D) C4H4O8.

G

A) HCHO. B) CHO.

C) C2H2O2. D) C4H4O4.

6

CnH2n+2–2kOa nCO2 + (n+1–k)H2O2

o

O

t

2 2

2 2

2 2

CO H O

CO H O

CO H O

n n n n 1 k k 1, mµ k >0 k 0

n n n n 1 k k 1

n n n n 1 k k 1

TH1 :

TH2 :

TH3 :

i

i

i

H(1) ankan.

(2) xicloankan.

(3) anken.

(4) ankin.

(6) ankylbenzen.

(a)

(b)

I2

2

A) HCOOH. B) (COOH)2.

C) CH3COOH. D) CH2(COOH)2.

J2

A) HCHO. B) (CHO)2.

C) C2H2(CHO)2. D) C2H3CHO.

2 2CO H O

n n .

2 2CO H O

n n .

Chú ý

7

Câu1 B2 B3 B4 D5 B6 C7 B8 C9 BA A

CâuB CC CD

E BF CG CH

I AJ A

D

(a) CnH2n+2O

(b) CnH2nO

(c) CnH2n+2O3

(d) CnH2n–2O2

(e) CnH2n–2O

(f) CnH2n–4O4

(g) CnH2nO2

(h) CnH2n–4O4

(i) CnH2n+3N

(j) CnH2n+2N2

H

(a) 2, 3, 8, 10, 13.

(b) 1, 7, 9