CHEMISTRY!Matter: Properties and Changes

Tuesday, September 2, 2014

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PROPERTIES OF MATTER

What is the BIG IDEA?

Everything is made up of matter

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

What is the main idea we want to understand when talking about Properties of Matter?

Most common substances exist as solids, liquids and gasses, which have diverse physical and chemical properties.

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Define the three states of matter and give examples:

Solid: A solid is a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume. The particles of matter in a solid are packed tightly and are rigidly held in place. When heated, a solid will slightly expand.

Ex) Wood, iron, and paper

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Define the three states of matter and give examples:

Liquid: A liquid is a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container. The particles of matter in a liquid are not rigidly held in place and are less closely packed that the particles in a solid. A liquids volume is constant regardless of the container. When heated, a liquid will tend to expand.

Ex) Water or Blood

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Define the three states of matter and give examples:

Gas: A gas is a form of matter that not only flows to conform to the shape of its container, but it also fills the entire volume of its container. Compared to solids and liquids, the particles of matter in a gas are very far apart. The gas form of a substance can also be referred to as a vapor.

Ex) Air or steam

PROPERTIES OF MATTERUsing what we know about their particles, compare all three state of matter.

Solids have the most compact particle of matter

Liquids have particles of matter that are less compact than solids, but more compact than gasses

Gasses have particles of matter that are very far apart in comparison to liquids and solids.

PROPERTIES OF MATTERWhat is a physical property?

A physical property is a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition.

PROPERTIES OF MATTERWhat is a chemical property?

A chemical property is the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances.

PROPERTIES OF MATTERCompare physical and chemical properties.

Physical properties describe a substance without changing the composition of the substance.

Chemical properties describe a substance’s reactivity with other substances that may or may not change the composition of the substance

PROPERTIES OF MATTERWhat is an intensive property?

Intensive properties are independent of the amount of a substance that is present.

Example: Density of a substance is the same no matter the amount.

PROPERTIES OF MATTERWhat is an extensive property?

Extensive properties are dependent on the amount of a substance that is present.

Example: Weight or Mass of a substance depends on how much you have present.

PROPERTIES OF MATTERCompare intensive and extensive properties.

Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of a substance

Extensive properties do depend on the amount of a substance

CHANGES IN MATTERWhat is the main idea that we want to understand when talking about changes in matter?

Matter can undergo physical and chemical changes.

CHANGES IN MATTERWhat is a physical change?

A physical change is a change which alters a substance without changing its composition.

Example: Ice melting, water boiling, steam condensing, and water freezing

CHANGES IN MATTERWhat is a chemical change?

A chemical change is a process that involves one or more substances changing into a new substance.

Example: Iron mixing with oxygen and rust forming

CHANGES IN MATTERCompare physical and chemical changes

Physical Changes do not change the composition of the substance

Chemical Changes do change the composition of a substance

CHANGES IN MATTERDefine the Law of Conservation of Mass

The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction – it is conserved.

mass reactants = mass products

MIXTURES OF MATTERWhat is the main idea we want to understand when talking about mixtures of matter?

Most everyday matter occurs as mixtures – combinations of two or more substances.

MIXTURES OF MATTERWhat is a mixture?

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances.

MIXTURES OF MATTERDefine the two types of mixtures:

Heterogeneous Mixture: A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct.

Example: Salad

MIXTURES OF MATTERDefine the two types of mixtures:

Homogeneous Mixture: A homogeneous mixture is a mixture that has constant composition throughout.

Example: Kool aide, Sweet Tea, and chocolate milk

MIXTURES OF MATTERList some examples of Heterogeneous and Homogeneous mixtures

MIXTURES OF MATTERWhat is a solution?

A solution is a homogeneous solution.

MIXTURES OF MATTERHow can Mixtures be separated

Filtration: Filtration is a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid.

Distillation: Distillation is a separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved. One substance will be boiled off while the other remains.

MIXTURES OF MATTERHow can Mixtures be separated

Crystallization: Crystallization is a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance.

Sublimation: Is a separation technique in which a solid changed to vapor without melting. Sublimation is used to separate two solids when one is capable of sublimation.

MIXTURES OF MATTERHow can Mixtures be separated

Chromatography: Chromatography is a a technique that separated the components of mixture dissolved in either a gas or a liquid based on the ability of each component to travel or to be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate.

ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDSWhat is the main idea we want to understand when talking about elements and compounds?

A compound is combination of two or more elements.

ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

What is an Element?

An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.

ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

How are elements organized?

The periodic table organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups. Elements in the same group have very similar chemical and physical properties.

ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

What is a compound

A compound is made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically.

ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

Matter

Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Homogeneous Mixtures

Pure Substances

Elements Compounds

ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

Law of definite proportions

The law of definite proportions states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass, no matter how large or small the sample.

ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

Law of multiple proportions

The law of multiple proportions states that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same fixed mass of the other element in ratio of small whole numbers.

NOTES ARE POSTED

These notes are posted on my website:

www.pearlandisd.org/webpages/skenney