c. a. peery, m. l. keefer, and s. r. lee idaho cooperative fish and wildlife research unit u.s....

C. A. Peery, M. L. Keefer, and S. R. Lee Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit

U.S. Geological Survey and

Northwest Fisheries Science CenterNOAA Fisheries

C. A. Peery, M. L. Keefer, and S. R. Lee Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit

U.S. Geological Survey and

Northwest Fisheries Science CenterNOAA Fisheries

Funding:U. S. Army Corps of Engineers

U. S. Geological Survey

Funding:U. S. Army Corps of Engineers

U. S. Geological Survey

Use of known-source adult chinook salmonUse of known-source adult chinook salmon

and steelhead to evaluate homing and survival of adult migrants in the Columbia River:

2000-2002

and steelhead to evaluate homing and survival of adult migrants in the Columbia River:

2000-2002

USGSUSGSscience for a changing worldscience for a changing world

NWFSCNOAA

Study goal: Use radio telemetry to monitor and evaluate passage of adult salmon and steelhead in Columbia and Snake rivers

MethodsMethods

2. Release tagged fish downstream 2. Release tagged fish downstream

and upstream of Bonneville Dam.and upstream of Bonneville Dam.

1. Collect and tag fish at Bonneville Dam.1. Collect and tag fish at Bonneville Dam.

Snake RiverSnake River

Columbia RiverColumbia River

Rock Rock IslandIsland

Rocky Rocky ReachReach

WellsWells

Chief Chief JosephJoseph

Grand Grand CouleeCoulee

CanadaCanada

U.S.A.U.S.A.

McIntyre McIntyre DamDamLake Lake OsoyoosOsoyoosZosel Zosel

DamDam

The The DallesDalles

John John DayDay McNary McNary

Lower Lower GraniteGranite

Priest Priest RapidsRapids

PortlandPortland

WanapumWanapum

Yakima R.Yakima R.

Lower Lower MonumentalMonumental

LittleLittleGooseGoose

BonnevilleBonneville

Ice Ice HarborHarbor

Study Area

Use of PIT tagsUse of PIT tags

1999: Trial use of archival Data Storage Transmitters (DSTS). fish tagged at Ice Harbor Dam and retrieved at Lower Granite Dam using Sort-by-Code

1999: Trial use of archival Data Storage Transmitters (DSTS). fish tagged at Ice Harbor Dam and retrieved at Lower Granite Dam using Sort-by-Code

2000: Selecting for known-source fish at Bonneville Dam for evaluations of homing ability.2000: Selecting for known-source fish at Bonneville Dam for evaluations of homing ability.

2002: Double tagged (radio and PIT) fish used to evaluate fishway PIT tag detectors and lost tags.2002: Double tagged (radio and PIT) fish used to evaluate fishway PIT tag detectors and lost tags.

2002: Develop methods to interpret fishway PIT tag detections to evaluate adult salmon and steelhead passage at dams.2002: Develop methods to interpret fishway PIT tag detections to evaluate adult salmon and steelhead passage at dams.

ObjectivesObjectives

Summarize homing and straying rates for known-source adults Summarize homing and straying rates for known-source adults

Identify fates and distribution of known-source fish that did not home or strayIdentify fates and distribution of known-source fish that did not home or stray

• Mainstem harvest • Mainstem harvest

• Unknown fate • Unknown fate

BOBO TDTD

JDJDMNMN

IHIHLMLM GOGO

LGrLGr

PRPR

WPWP

RIRI

RRRR

WLWL

Upstream from LGrUpstream from LGr

255 (20%)255 (20%)

At LGrAt LGr

383 (30%)383 (30%)

YakimaYakima

218 (17%)218 (17%)

Upper Columbia dams and hatcheriesUpper Columbia dams and hatcheries

277 (22%)277 (22%)

Carson NFHCarson NFH

78 (6%)78 (6%)

At LoMoAt LoMo

46 (4%)46 (4%)

PIT-tag sites for 1,276 sp/su chinook salmon with radiosPIT-tag sites for 1,276 sp/su chinook salmon with radios

John DayJohn Day

15 (1%)15 (1%)

other: 3 Umatilla, 1 Tucannonother: 3 Umatilla, 1 Tucannon

(2000-2002)(2000-2002)

BOBO TDTD

JDJDMNMN

IHIHLMLM GOGO

LGrLGr

PRPR

WPWP

RIRI

RRRR

WLWL


143 (11%)143 (11%)

At LGrAt LGr

650 (51%)650 (51%)

466 (36%)466 (36%)

PIT-tag sites for 1,285 steelhead with radios (2000-2002)PIT-tag sites for 1,285 steelhead with radios (2000-2002)

UmatillaUmatilla

18 (1%)18 (1%)

other: 1 Yakima, 1 Wind, 4 Walla Walla, Tucannon 2other: 1 Yakima, 1 Wind, 4 Walla Walla, Tucannon 2

Upper Columbia dams and hatcheriesUpper Columbia dams and hatcheries

BOBO TDTD

JDJDMNMN

IHIHLMLM GOGO

LGrLGr

PRPR

WPWP

RIRI

RRRR

WLWL


or Lyons Ferryor Lyons Ferry

5 (4%)5 (4%)

PIT-tag sites for 118 fall chinook with radios (2000-2002)PIT-tag sites for 118 fall chinook with radios (2000-2002)

UmatillaUmatilla

18 (1%)18 (1%)

other: 1 Ringold Hatcheryother: 1 Ringold Hatchery

Upper Columbia damsUpper Columbia dams

97 (82%)97 (82%)

YakimaYakima

10 (8%)10 (8%)5 (4%)5 (4%)

PR HatcheryPR Hatchery

Homing/Escapement* of PIT-tagged stocksHoming/Escapement* of PIT-tagged stocks

Wind JohnDayYakima Snake UCol Umatilla Snake UCol

Ho

min

g (

%)

0

20

40

60

80

100

200020012002

Sp/Su chinook Steelhead


Ho

min

g (

%)

0

20

40

60

80

100

200020012002


* Homing for Snake fish = last recorded upstream from Lower Granite Dam or at LGr Trap* Homing for Snake fish = last recorded upstream from Lower Granite Dam or at LGr Trap

* Homing for Upper Columbia fish = last recorded upstream from Priest Rapids Dam* Homing for Upper Columbia fish = last recorded upstream from Priest Rapids Dam

140140470470 186186

3838120120

4848

1515

28282929

9898

88

9999

1010

357357 436436

326326140140

2000

Chi-square tests for between-stock differences in homingChi-square tests for between-stock differences in homing

Snake v. Wind

Snake v. U. Columbia

Snake v. Yakima

2001 2002

Wind v. U. Columbia

Yakima v. Wind

Yakima v. U. Columbia


Steelhead

Sp/Su Chinook

0.120 0.391 0.131

0.357

0.008 yak

0.004 yak

0.060

0.191

0.130 0.688

0.141

0.087

0.008 yak

0.977

0.007 col


Str

ayi

ng

(%

)

0

5

10

15

20

200020012002



Str

ayi

ng

(%

)

0

5

10

15

20

200020012002


Straying* of PIT-tagged stocksStraying* of PIT-tagged stocks

* Includes fish harvested out-of-basin whose straying may have been temporary* Includes fish harvested out-of-basin whose straying may have been temporary

40%40%

(38% of sp/su chinook and 31% of steelhead strays were harvested)(38% of sp/su chinook and 31% of steelhead strays were harvested)

470470

186186

3838

120120

4848

1515

28282929

88

9999

1010

357357

436436

326326

140140

140140

9898

Where PIT-tagged sp/su chinook stocks strayedWhere PIT-tagged sp/su chinook stocks strayed

BO TD

JDMN

IH

LM GO

LGr

PR

WP

RI

RR

WL

Snake (13)

U. Columbia (3)

Total straying rate = 1.88% (24/1,276)

Wind (6)

Yakima (1)

Umatilla (1)

stray harvest

Where PIT-tagged steelhead stocks strayedWhere PIT-tagged steelhead stocks strayed

BO TD

JDMN

IH

LM GO

LGr

PR

WP

RI

RR

WL

Snake (46)

U. Columbia (32)

Total straying rate = 6.85% (88/1,285)

Walla Walla (4)

Tucannon (1)

Umatilla (5)

stray harvest

Differential steelhead straying: shoreline orientation?Differential steelhead straying: shoreline orientation?

Strayed into OR-shore tributaries

Strayed into WA-shore tributaries

Did not stray in lower river 752

32

10

Snake

435

9

22

Upper

Columbia

P = 0.003 P = 0.065

Stock

Chi-square test


Ma

ins

tem

ha

rve

st

(%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

200020012002


PIT-tagged stocks harvested in mainstem* fisheriesPIT-tagged stocks harvested in mainstem* fisheries

470

186

38

120

48

15

28

29

8

99

10

357

436

326140

98

140

* Downstream from Lower Granite and Priest Rapids dams* Downstream from Lower Granite and Priest Rapids dams

ds BO BO pool TD pool JD pool abv MN lower Snake

Num

ber

of h

arve

sted

fish

0

10

20

30

40

50

WindJohn DayYakimaSnakeU. ColumbiaUmatillaTucannonSnakeU. Columbia

Distribution of mainstem* harvestDistribution of mainstem* harvest

Chinook

Steelhead

* Downstream from Lower Granite and Priest Rapids dams

11

181

77101

781

65


Un

kn

ow

n f

ate

(%

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

200020012002


PIT-tagged stocks unaccounted for* in mainstemPIT-tagged stocks unaccounted for* in mainstem

* Includes fish last recorded at dams or in reservoirs downstream from L. Granite/P. Rapids

470

18638

120

48

15

28

29

8

99

10

357 436 326

140

98

140

2000

Chi-square tests for between-stock differences in unknownChi-square tests for between-stock differences in unknown

Snake v. Wind


Snake v. Yakima

2001 2002

Wind v. U. Columbia

Yakima v. Wind

Yakima v. U. Columbia


Steelhead

Sp/Su Chinook

0.021 snr 0.009 col 0.909

0.022 win

<0.001 win

0.048 snr

0.001 col

0.531

0.867 0.057

0.028 snr

0.223

0.981

0.100

0.218

yak (1.7%)

snr (6.2%)

col (12.9%)

win (17.2%)

ds BO BO pool TD pool JD pool abv MN lower Snake

Num

ber

of h

arve

sted

fish

0

10

20

30

40

50

WindJohn DayYakimaSnakeU. ColumbiaUmatillaTucannonSnakeU. Columbia

Distribution of fish with unknown* fateDistribution of fish with unknown* fate

Chinook

Steelhead

* Downstream from Lower Granite and Priest Rapids dams

7

62

54304

870

44

Collection gallery

PIT-tag site

Upstream LGr

Homing to L. Granite by PIT-tagged chinook with radios:Homing to L. Granite by PIT-tagged chinook with radios:

n % home% recaptureddownstream % stray

255 83.9

LGr - Barge

LGr - River

201 70.1 10.9 5.0 13.9

182 81.9 12.9 1.1 4.9

10.2 0.4 5.5

sites ds% mainstem

<0.001 0.726 0.030 0.003

<0.001 0.796 0.002 0.002

0.880 0.533 0.378 0.801

Chi-sq

tests

Barge v. River

Barge v. Upstream

River v. > Upstream

Effects of juvenile bargingEffects of juvenile barging

PIT-tag site

Homing to L. Granite by PIT-tagged steelhead with radios:Homing to L. Granite by PIT-tagged steelhead with radios:

n % home% recaptureddownstream % stray

142 79.6

LGr - Barge

LGr - River

135 65.9 6.7 9.6 17.8

514 73.7 10.9 5.6 9.7

8.5 2.8 9.2

sites ds% mainstem

Barge v. River 0.072 0.145 0.652 0.009

Barge v. Upstream 0.011 0.575 0.018 0.035

River v. > Upstream 0.155 0.398 0.173 0.838

Chi-sq

tests

Upstream LGr

Effects of juvenile bargingEffects of juvenile barging

Estimates of homing, straying, harvest and unknown fate:Estimates of homing, straying, harvest and unknown fate:

~ 81.2%~ 81.2%

ChinookChinook

HomingHoming

~ 1.9%~ 1.9%StrayingStraying

~ 9.2%~ 9.2%HarvestHarvest

~ 7.8%~ 7.8%UnknownUnknown

Conclusions: Chinook SalmonConclusions: Chinook Salmon

Homing relatively high for Yakima River, low for Wind RiverHoming relatively high for Yakima River, low for Wind River

Large differences in proportions of unaccounted for fishbetween stocks, mostly in 2001: low harvest of summer chinookLarge differences in proportions of unaccounted for fishbetween stocks, mostly in 2001: low harvest of summer chinook

Barged fish home at lower rates, stray at higher rates andtended to have larger proportions with unknown fateBarged fish home at lower rates, stray at higher rates andtended to have larger proportions with unknown fate

Estimates of homing, straying, harvest and unknown fate:Estimates of homing, straying, harvest and unknown fate:

~ 83.9%~ 83.9%

SteelheadSteelhead

HomingHoming

~ 6.9%~ 6.9%StrayingStraying

~ 11.2%~ 11.2%HarvestHarvest

~ 10.5%~ 10.5%UnknownUnknown

Conclusions: SteelheadConclusions: Steelhead

Homing generally consistent between stocksHoming generally consistent between stocks

Upper Columbia stocks harvested at higher rates than Snake River stocksUpper Columbia stocks harvested at higher rates than Snake River stocks

Barged fish home at lower rates, stray at higher rates andtended to have larger proportions with unknown fateBarged fish home at lower rates, stray at higher rates andtended to have larger proportions with unknown fate

Methods Obj. 2. Build and install PIT detectors.

Instream PIT detectors are based on 23 mm, 12 mm and 12 mm extended read range 134 kHz ISO tags.

Components:

Open coil inductor loops composed of multi-strand wire strung through 4 in. diameter PVC pipe. Multiple loops can be combined to cover stream widths. Largest units tested to date were 6 x 2 m.

Multiplexor.Portable computerPower supplyWeatherproof housing

Methods Obj. 2. Build and install PIT detectors.

Face view Side view

Water level

Flow

c. a. peery, m. l. keefer, and s. r. lee idaho cooperative fish and wildlife research unit u.s....

Documents

pit fish

tag fish

source fish

bonneville dam

pittag sites

use of pit tags

lower granite dam

fishway pit tag detections