Byzantine Byzantine ArtArt

Byzantine CharacteristicsByzantine Characteristics

Mosaics and icons become the main form of Mosaics and icons become the main form of decorationdecoration

Central dome church.Central dome church.Floor plans take the form of a Greek Cross Floor plans take the form of a Greek Cross and most often haves a central Dome. and most often haves a central Dome.

The altar faces East.The altar faces East.

TerminologyTerminology

IconIcon – a religious image usually a saint or – a religious image usually a saint or Christ image.Christ image.

MinaretMinaret – a tall, slender tower attached – a tall, slender tower attached to a mosque from which the crier calls to a mosque from which the crier calls people to prayer.people to prayer.

PendentivePendentive - A triangular piece of - A triangular piece of vaulting coming from the corner of a vaulting coming from the corner of a rectangular area to support a round or rectangular area to support a round or polygonal dome. Usually four are needed polygonal dome. Usually four are needed to support a round dome on a square to support a round dome on a square base.base.

Church of San VitaleChurch of San Vitale. Ravenna, Italy. . Ravenna, Italy.

(c. 525-547 AD)(c. 525-547 AD)

4. 4. Emperor Justinian and his AttendantsEmperor Justinian and his Attendants. (546 AD) Mosaic, . (546 AD) Mosaic, at San Vitale, Ravenna.at San Vitale, Ravenna.

Empress Theodora and her AttendantsEmpress Theodora and her Attendants. (546 AD) . (546 AD) Mosaic, at San Vitale, Ravenna.Mosaic, at San Vitale, Ravenna.

Byzantine Mosaic (details)

Q. What are Justinian and Theodora holding?

Justinian holds bread (the Eucharist) and Justinian holds bread (the Eucharist) and Theodora holds the cup of the communion Theodora holds the cup of the communion

(the wine). (the wine). What does this symbolize?What does this symbolize?

Halo over his head.Justinian is placed in front (overlapping feet).

Close up of Mosaic Close up of Mosaic

History:History:Theodora was the Theodora was the most powerful most powerful women in the women in the Empire’s history.Empire’s history.

She fought to give She fought to give women more rights women more rights (in a way she was (in a way she was the first feminist)the first feminist)

Remix:Istanbul not ConstantinopleThey Might Be Giants1990

Original:Lyrics by: Jimmy KennedyMusic by: Nat SimonThe Four LadsSwing Style 1953

Turkey’s announcement that Constantinople would henceforth only be known by the name Istanbul created a stir. This swing song written in Turkey’s defense took the edge off Western pique and served to soften Western outrage over the Muslimization of the city's name.[2]

One of the better-known versions of "Istanbul (Not Constantinople)" is the cover by the alternative rock alternative rock band They Might Be Giants They Might Be Giants (TMBG), who released it on their album Flood in1990. It was released as the second single from that album in the same year. TMBG's version is at a faster tempo than the original.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBTxjYeRPB8

originalhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wcze7EGorOk

5. Anthemius of Tralles & Isodorus of Miletos. 5. Anthemius of Tralles & Isodorus of Miletos. Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia. . (c. 532-537 AD) Istanbul, Turkey.(c. 532-537 AD) Istanbul, Turkey.

Byzantine ArchitectureByzantine Architecture How did they place a dome on a How did they place a dome on a

square room?square room?

Interior of the Interior of the Hagia SofiaHagia Sofia……

(Interior View: Dome of the Hagia Sophia)

HistoryHistory•Means church of the “Holy Wisdom,” Means church of the “Holy Wisdom,” originally constructed under the orders of originally constructed under the orders of Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian

•Began as an orthodox church and served as Began as an orthodox church and served as Cathedral of Constantinople 360-1453 ADCathedral of Constantinople 360-1453 AD

•Served as a mosque from 1453 (conquered Served as a mosque from 1453 (conquered by the Ottoman Turks, under Sultan Mehmed by the Ottoman Turks, under Sultan Mehmed II) until 1934 II) until 1934

•Secularized by the Republic of Turkey and Secularized by the Republic of Turkey and has served as a museum since 1935 has served as a museum since 1935

PendentivePendentive – A triangular piece of vaulting – A triangular piece of vaulting springing from the corner of a rectangular springing from the corner of a rectangular area to support a round or polygonal dome. area to support a round or polygonal dome. Usually four are needed to support a round Usually four are needed to support a round dome on a square base. dome on a square base.

8. Hagia Sofia

Forms of decoration:-interior - mosaics

Borrowed Architectural Features:-dome-Arches-Columns

New Architectural Feature: -pendentive-minarets

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIYb9bBA9mY

Venice is SinkingSpirit of the West1993

The song is about Mann's honeymoon in Venice with his wife, Jill Daum. Infatuated with the city, Mann expresses his desire never to leave by alluding to the sinking of the city and asserting that he'll go down with it: "And if Venice is sinking/Then I'm going under". The song also references Marino Marini's sculpture "Angelo della Città":

The private chapel of the Doge (ruler of Venice), now the city’s church. Built over the remains of St. Mark the Evangelist.

6. 6. St. Mark’s BasilicaSt. Mark’s Basilica. (1063 AD) Venice, Italy.. (1063 AD) Venice, Italy.

Greek Cross Plan

5. St. Mark’s Cathedral. (1063) Venice, Italy.

History:•Originally the private chapel of the Doge (ruler of Venice), now the city’s church•Built over the remains of St. Mark the Evangelist, supposedly stolen by merchants from Alexandria (North Africa)•The horses were stolen from the Hippodrome of Constantinople during the 4th Crusade (1204) Forms of decoration:-mosaics 8,000 square meters of mosaics

Architectural Features:-domes-Greek floor plan-arches