Indias pop culture from ancient times to present!By: Stephanie Mitschele and Vallie Etienne

Indian Music

History

Oldest: dating back to the Vedas Not focused on harmony or dynamic like

western classical music.

Focused on: Nava Rasa (The Nine Sentiments)

Shringara (romantic and erotic) Hasya (humorous) Karuna (pathetic) Raudra (anger) Veera (heroic) Bhayanaka (fearful) Vibhatsa (disgustful) Adbhuta (amazement) Shanta (peaceful)

Learning Strategies

A lot like Jazz improvisation.

Taught orally Guru teaches Not recorded or

written down.

Ragas:

Ravi Shankar defines ragas as: "Ragas are extremely difficult to explain in a few words. Though Indian music is modal in character, ragas should not be mistaken as modes that one hears in the music of the Middle and Far Eastern countries, nor be understood to be a scale, melody per se, a composition, or a key. A raga is a scientific, precise, subtle and aesthetic melodic form with its own peculiar ascending and descending movement consisting of either a full seven note octave, or a series of six or five notes (or a combination of any of these) in a rising or falling structure called the Arohana and Avarohana. It is the subtle difference in the order of notes, an omission of a dissonant note, an emphasis on a particular note, the slide from one note to another, and the use of microtones together with other subtleties, that demarcate one raga from the other."

Vocabulary

Rag= Melody Tal= Rhythm Swar= Note Vibhagh= The

measure Matra= The beat Lay= Tempo Avartan= The cycle Sum= emphasis on

1

Instruments found in Indian Music Sitar: “A stringed instrument of India made of seasoned gourds and teak and

having a track of 20 movable frets with 6 or 7 metal playing strings above and usually 13 sympathetic resonating strings below.”

Sarod: Played with a bow

Sarangi: A violinlike instrument

Flute Shehnai: wind instrument (brings good luck so used in wedding

ceremonies.)

Tabla: a small drum or pair of drums of India tuned to different pitches and played with the hands.

Pakhawaj: drum

Harmonium: “an organlike keyboard instrument with small metal reeds and a pair of bellows operated by the player's feet.

Mridangam: drum

Ghatam: a pot used as a percussion instrument

PakhawajSitar

Sarod

Sarangi

Flute

Tabla

Sheh

nai

HarmoniumMridangam

Ghatam

Examples of some Classic Indian Music

Click icon to add picture

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mwp9Aw96hU

Famous Traditional Indian Musicians:

Ustad Ali Akbar Khan

Born: April 14, 1922

Death: June 19, 2009

Wife and 11 kids Played the Sarod Came to USA in

1955 Popularized Indian

Classical Music A college in CA is

named after him.

Ravi Shankar

Born: April 7th, 1920 Sitar player Spread Indian music Associated with the

beatles 2 grammy awards

RAV

I SH

AN

KA

R MUSIC

Modern day Indian Music Remixes: old songs with new fast beat Appeals to the younger crowd Indi Pop

IND

I PO

P

Click icon to add picture

Modern day music

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5Z3cyR7WGQ&feature=related

Culture

Religion Music did not

change a lot

Citations

Courtney, David. "Overview of Indian Classical Music." Music of India. 27 01 2010. Web. Feb 2010. <http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/>.

  Scaruffi, Piero. "Indian Classical Music." A brief summary of Indian classical music. 2002.

Web. Feb 2010. <http://www.scaruffi.com/history/indian.html>.  "History of Indian music." Music Fraternity. Web. Feb 2010.

<http://www.artistspages.org/History_of_Indian_music.htm>.

"Indian Classical Music." 02 10 2005, Web. Feb 2010. <http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/music/64/indian_classical_

"Indian Music." Web. Feb 2010. <http://www.culturalindia.net/indian-music/index.html>.

"History of Indian Music." Indianet Zone/ Indian Music. 23/01/2008. Jupiter Infomedia, Web. 24 Feb 2010. <http://www.indianetzone.com/2/history_indian_music.htm>.

"Indian Music." Youtube. 2010. Web. Feb 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/>.

"Musicians." Web. Feb 2010. <http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/musicians.html>.

Just Like Music, the dress or fashion also reflects Culture and religion in India.

Different Groups:

Hinduism. Jainism. Sikhism . Buddhism. Islam.

Jain Dress Code.

Unstitched (or minimally stitched). White. Loin cloths Kamali: “a cloth that is passed over the

left shoulder, covers the body, and ends at the ankle = a wooden shawl”.

Muhapati: a square piece of fabric that is tied around the mouth.

The Religion Behind the Dress:

Ahimsa – non-violence. Satya – no lieing Asteya – no stealing. Brahma-charya – don’t commit

adultery. Aparigraha – detach from all earthly

things Vegetarianism.

Hinduism Dress Code: Women

Sari: a rectangular piece of cloth, which is six yards in length.

Choli: a tightly fitting blouse worn under the sari.

Salwar: loose trousers like pants drawn tightly to the waist and ankles.

Kameej: long and loose tunic.

Hinduism Dress Code: Men

Sherwani: coat-like garment. Lungi: piece of fabric worn around the

thighs like a loose pair of pants. Dhoti: longer version on the Lungi Kurta-Pyjama: knee length shirt and

trousers tied together with a cloth string.

Religion Behind the Dress:

Cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. Moksha Dharma. Karma.

Sikhism: Men and Women

Males wore turbans: white, black, saffron, blue or red.

Women wore turbans: after adolescence, younger: a rishi knot

Young men: clean shaved Older men: kept long beards. Women: in a bun and covered Kara: gold bracelet

Religion Behind their Dress:

In Sikhism, turban colors = white: “extends the aura”; blue: ministers; saffron: wisdom; black : “ a surrender of ego.”

Women : white turbans or rishi knots-depict grace and integrity.

Gender-equality. Two main purposes: to serve &&

devote life to God. Gold purifies.

Buddhism’s Dress Code:

Long –skirts like bottoms--orange Cloth wrapped around upper-half of

body with a blouse underneath Women: Prayer shawls and long

dresses Brooms were used to sweep in front of

every step to prevent from stepping on insects

Religion Behind the Dress:

“Correct understanding of human nature and ultimate reality”

To end all suffering.

Islamic Dress Code:

Women: completely covered except hands and face

Men: from belly button to knee must be covered.

Hijab (headscarf)

Religion Behind the Dress:

“The design of our dress must avoid three deadly sins: show off, arrogance, and self indulgence”

Citations:

"Fashion in India." Culturopedia. 2009. Culturopedia, Web. 23 Feb 2010. <http://www.culturopedia.com/Fashion/fashion.intro.html>.

Baig, Khalid. "The Islamic Dress Code." Albalagah--Food For Thought. 2009. Albalagah, Web. 23 Feb 2010. <http://www.albalagh.net/food_for_thought/dress.shtml>.

More Citations:

"The Dress of Hindus." Nagpur Online. com. March 1999. Nagpur Online, Web. 23 Feb 2010. <http://www.nagpuronline.com/people/dress.html>.

Sindoor." iloveindia. iloveindia, Web. 23 Feb 2010. <http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-traditions/sindoor.html>.

Even More Citations:

Traditional clothing......" India--reflections on life, culture, religion.. 2000. A. & U. Köhler , Web. 2/19/10. <http://www.sights-and-culture.com/India/India-reflections.html>.

Robinson, B.A. " Jain Dharma ." Religious Tolerance. 1996 - 2012. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance, Web. 24 Feb 2010. <http://www.religioustolerance.org/jainism.htm>.