by oraldo de toni emcef

1

Prague on 23rd – 24th March 2006, Conference on Chemicals Policy, REACH and Health and Safety in Central and Eastern

EuropeFacts and Figures on Occupational protection and experiences in the

Chemical Industry

By Oraldo De Toni By Oraldo De Toni EMCEFEMCEF

2

The Actors on Occupational Diseases (ODs)

1.The meeting of experts on updating the list of ODs ( ILO held in Geneva 13 – 20 December 2005)

This meeting of experts maintained the tradition of attempting to reach decisions by consensus. This was not possible in relation to the adoption of a single updated list of ODs.At ILO level remains operative the R 194 List of ODs Recommendation, 2002.But it remains also open the discussion in another meeting of experts to proceed with the examination and adoption of an updated list of ODs.The items proposed to be included in the updated list are:

3


Diseases caused by agents chemicals (ammonia, isocyanates, pesticides, sulphur oxides, and other linked)

Diseases caused by physical agents (work in compressed and decompressed air, radiofrequency radiations, optical = ultraviolet visible light, infrared, extreme temperature, and other linked)

Diseases caused by biological agents (brucellosis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and virus (HCV), tetanus, tuberculosis, and other linked)

Occupational respiratory diseases caused by (fibrogenic mineral dust, and other linked)

Occupational skin diseases caused by (allergic contact dermatoses, irritant contact dermatoses caused by other recognized irritants agents)

4

Occupational musculoskeletal disorders ( radial styloid tenosynovitis, chronic crepitant tenosynovitis of hand and wrist, prepatellar bursitis, epicondylitis, meniscus lesions, carpal tunnel syndrome , and other linked)

Mental behavioural disorders ( post traumatic stress disorder, psychosomatic psychiatric syndromes, and other linked)

Occupational cancer caused by (chromium VI and its compounds, arsenic and its compounds, beryllium and its compounds, cadmium and its compounds, ethylene oxide)

Diseases caused by formaldehyde (cancer)

The Actors on Occupational Diseases (ODs)The Actors on Occupational Diseases (ODs)

5


2) The Commission Recommendation of 19 September 2003 concerning the European schedule of Occupational disease (ODs)

Hereby recommends ( the more important) to Member States to:

introduce as soon as possible into their national lows the European schedule Annex I;

introduce provisions the right of worker to compensation in respect of ODs;

develop and improve effective preventive measures for the ODs;

ensure that all cases of ODs are reported; introduce a system for the collection of information or

data concerning the epidemiology of the diseases listed in Annex II;

forward to the Commission statistical and epidemiological data on ODs recognised at national level;

promote an active role for national healthcare system in preventing ODs.

6

From the European Commission, Eurostat statistics on occupational diseases, in the framework of the EODS system( European Occupational Diseases Statistic) provide data regarding recognized occupational diseases in the EU Member States. Until now, only 11 countries have been able to provide the requested information. In order to improve quantity and quality of statistics, a new EU regulation is currently under discussion.From the gathering which took place in 2003, 54.454 (+8,4% compared to 2002) occupational diseases.The first 10 pathologies represent 85-90% of the whole registered events and the top of the classification belongs to diseases caused by physical agents (70% over the total). The group of pathologies caused by chemical agents is at the last position with 1,1%.


7

Occupational diseases recognized in the EU by groups of diseases. (Table 1)


2003 2002 Number Number Caused by physical agents 37112 34784 Infectious and parasitary 691 740 Respiratory 8108 7153 Skin diseases 6964 6628 Caused by chemical agents 586 388 Other 993 660 Total 54454 50253

Da agenti fisici68%

Infettive e parassitarie1%

Respiratorie15%

Cutanee13%

Da agenti chimici1%

Altre2%

8

Occupational diseases recognized in the EU (*) by type of disease years 2002 – 2003 (Table 2)


Year 2002 2003

Number % Number % Variation % 2003/2002

Tendinopathy of hand and wrist 9.422 18,7 10.588 19,4 12,4

Hypacusia 8.614 17,1 9.966 18,3 15,7

Epicondylitis 7.944 15,8 8.609 15,8 8,4

Dermatitis 6.699 13,3 7.190 13,2 7,3 Syndrom of the carpal tunnel 4.068 8,1 5.072 9,3 24,7 Raynnaud syndrom 2.535 5,0 1.711 3,1 -32,5 Mesothelioma 1.471 2,9 1.703 3,1 15,8 Asthma 1.288 2,6 1.603 2,9 24,5 Asbestosis 1.090 2,2 1.336 2,5 22,6 Pneumoconiosis caused by coal 1.140 2,3 1.164 2,1 2,1

Other 5.982 12,0 5.512 10,3 -7,9

Total 50.253 100,0 54.454 100,0 8,4

(*) Includes only 11 member states: Germany, France, Ireland and Greece do not provide data.

The first two pathologies are caused by physical agents and represent 37,7% over the total.

9


3) The national health insurance fund for employees (CNAMTS) decides to develop comparative information on ODs on the European level, commissioning EUROGIP to collect the statistics compiled in each country concerning claims for recognition and care actually recognized.

10


Claims for recognition per 100,000 insured persons (Table 3)

In Austria, Belgium, Finland, Italy and Switzerland the trend is constantly decreasing. In Germany and Denmark, it remains stable, as in Portugal, Ireland and Luxembourg. In France it is constantly in creasing, in Sweden it is constantly decreasing.

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Germany 192 181 219 281 256 235 249 230 224 216 211

Austria 151 148 159 154 125 133 127 112 101 108 103

Belgium 431 423 450 392 368 336 299 274 275 256 277

Denmark 549 532 559 632 669 669 651 642 575 523 545

Spain no data available

Finland 320 318 335 322 343 331 305 273 232 245 238

France 63 69 80 85 93 103 121 135 144 200 237

Greece - - - 6 7 5.3 4.6 3.7 3.5 4.4 4.5

Ireland 4.4 4.9 5.9 11.8 8.2 6.4 4.23 5.6 4.6 4.7 7.5

Italy 354 297 355 289 237 211 201 180 166 162 160

Luxembourg 113 106 98 88 52 49 60 62 61 66 82

Portugal - - 58 78 77 57 64 58 50 58 55

Sweden 1,524 1,688 1,738 1,903 1,328 642 263 169 176 232 309

Switzerland 202 192 190 182 182 180 169 161 157 136 -

11


The five diseases giving rise to the greatest number of claims for recognition (Table 4)

Country Year N°1 N°2 N°3 W4 N°5

Skin diseases Back Hearing loss Allergic Asbestosis and

1994

(except cancer) diseases Respiratory

diseases pleural plaques

Skin diseases Back Allergic Asbestosis and

1996

(except cancer) diseases Hearing loss Respiratory


Germany Skin diseases Back Allergic Asbestosis and

1998

(except cancer) Hearing loss diseases Respiratory


Skin diseases Back Asbestosis and Allergic 2000 Hearing loss Respiratory

(except cancer)

diseases pleural plaques Diseases

Skin Allergic Respiratory Infectious Austria 1998 Hearing loss diseases due to

Diseases Bronchial asthma chemical agents

diseases

Osteoarticular Skin Hearing loss and Diseases due 1994 Silicosis noise-induced to chemical

Diseases diseases Deafness agents

Osteoarticular Hearing loss and Skin Diseases due 1996 Silicosis noise-induced

Diseases Deafness

Diseases to asbestos

Belgium Hearing loss and 1998

Osteoarticular Silicosis noise-induced

Skin Diseases due

Diseases deafness Diseases to asbestos Osteoarticular Hearing loss and Skin Diseases due to 2000 noise-induced Silicosis

Diseases deafness

diseases Asbestos

12

The Actors on Occupational Diseases (ODs) Musculoskeletal Back Skin Lung

1994 Diseases

Hearing loss diseases Diseases diseases

Musculoskeletal Back Skin Lung

1996 Diseases


Denmark Musculoskeletal Skin Back Lung

1998 Diseases


Musculoskeletal Back Skin Nervous

2000 Diseases

Hearing loss diseases Diseases conditions

Back Osteoarticular Skin Hearing loss Lung

1999 Diseases diseases diseases and deafness diseases

Spain Osteoarticular Lung Skin Hearing loss Diseases due to

2000

Diseases diseases diseases and deafness chemical agents

Musculoskeletal Skin Diseases due Hearing loss Allergic

1994

Diseases diseases to asbestos and deafness Respiratory diseases

Musculoskeletal Skin Hearing loss Allergic Diseases due

1996

Diseases diseases and deafness Respiratory Diseases to asbestos Finland

Musculoskeletal Skin Respiratory Hearing loss

1998

Diseases diseases Asthma

Diseases and deafness

Musculoskeletal Skin Hearing loss Diseases due Allergie respiratory

2000

Diseases diseases and deafness to asbestos diseases

Chronic

Contact Bronchial Lead obstructive

1998 Dermatitis asthma

Silicosis Poisoning pulmonary

diseases Greece

Chronic Contact Bronchial Lead obstructive


Silicosis Poisoning pulmonary

diseases

Ireland 2000 Asthma Arthritis Tendinitis Hearing deafness Pneumoconiosis

13


Skin Osteoarticular Broncho -

1994 Hearing loss Silicosis pneumopathies

diseases Diseases

by silicates

Skin Broncho -

1996 Hearing loss Silicosis Asbestosis pneumopathies

Italy diseases

by silicates

Skin Osteoarticular

1998 Hearing loss

diseases Silicosis Asbestosis

diseases

Musculoskeletal

2000 Hearing loss

disorders Silicosis Skin diseases Asbestosis

Periarticular Skin Obstructive

1994 pulmonary

Diseases diseases diseases

Obstructive 1996

Periarticular Skin pulmonary

Diseases diseases diseases Luxembourg


1998 pulmonary

Diseases diseases

diseases

Given the fact that there are very few claims far recognition,

it is impossible to make an evaluation about 5 diseases

Periarticular Skin Infectious

2000

Diseases Hearing loss

diseases Diseases -

Diseases

1994 Hearing loss due to other Silicosis Allergic Skin

physical factors* Bronchial Asthma diseases

Diseases

Allergic

1996 Hearing loss due to other Silicosis Diseases Bronchial asthma

Portugal physical factors*

Diseases 1998 Hearing loss due to other

Skin Allergic Silicosis

physical factors* diseases Bronchial asthma

Other lung Muscular Skin Ocular

2000


diseases Diseases diseases

14


1999 Musculoskeletal Psychosocial Noise-induced Occupational Occupational

The Disorders disorders hearing loss dermatoses lung disorders

Netherlands 2000 Musculoskeletal Psychosocial Noise-induced Occupational Occupational

Disorders disorders hearing loss dermatoses lung disorders

In the year 1998 the first occupational diseases was musculoskeletal followed by skin , hearing loss, osteoarticular , back, dermatitis and particular diseases.

N°4 N°5

Country Year N°1 N°2 N°3

No data available at present

France (the use of statistics is based on the criterion of recognition - see Table 6)

Diseases due to Diseases

Musculoskeletal Diseases due to Deafness organisational / due to other

1994

Diseases chemical products social factors physical factors *

Diseases due to Diseases Musculoskeletal Diseases due to Deafness organisational / due to other

1996 Diseases chemical products social factors physical factors *

Sweden Diseases due to Diseases Musculoskeletal Diseases due to organisational/ Deafness due to other

1998 Diseases chemical products social factors physical factors *

Diseases Diseases due to Diseases Musculoskeletal Deafness due to other organisational/ due to chemical

2000

Diseases physical factors * social factors products

Switzerland No data available

15

The Actors on Occupational Diseases (ODs)The new cases of recognized ODs per 100,000 insured persons (Table 5)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Germany 35 31 36 54 59 66 66 63 56 51 49

Austria 78 70 71 68 50 52 52 46 46 48 42

Belgium 186 198 277 237 189 204 160 136 143 100 112

Denrnark 90 174 149 147 140 131 109 82 85 87 124

Spain 42 48 50 56 56 65 79 95 113 141 160

Finland 160 143 129 125 124 110 89 75 61 66 64

France 44 50 59 63 70 76 86.5 101 114 147 177

Greece - - - 5.3 5.7 4.7 4.2 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.5

Ireland 2.3 4.4 4.5 8.7 7.4 5.5 3.1 4.7 3.0 3.1 3.3

Italy 93 100 105 80 58 39 28 25 26 26 33

Luxembourg 8 10 12 14 13 15 14 13 20 12 14

Portugal - - 21 36 31 42 26 20 20.5 27 27

Sweden 1,242 1,307 1,204 1,153 627 258 106 73 89 126 138

Switzerland 162 151 148 142 139 138 130 124 123 109 -

The are three trend: countries in which a downward is observed ; countries where the situation can be considered stable; countries in which an upward is observed.

16


The 5 most frequently diseases recognized as occupational (Table 6)

Country Year N°1 N°2 N°3 N°4 N°5

Skin Asbestosis Allergic

1994 Hearing loss Silicosis and pleural Respiratory

diseases

plaques Diseases

Asbestosis Skin Allergic

1996 Hearing loss Silicosis and pleural respiratory plaques

diseases Diseases

Germany Asbestosis Skin Allergic 1998 Hearing loss And pleural Silicosis Respiratory

plaques diseases

Diseases

Asbestosis Skin Allergic

2000 Hearing loss And pleural Silicosis Respiratory

plaques diseases

Diseases

Skin Allergic Infectious

1994 Hearing loss bronchial Silicosis

diseases

Asthma Diseases

Respiratory

Skin Allergic

Diseases Austria 1996 Diseases Hearing loss branchia 1 due to chemical Silicosis

asthma agents

Respiratory

Skin Allergie

diseases Infectious 1998 Hearing loss diseases bronchial due to ehemieal Diseases

asthma agents

17


Osteoarticular Hearing loss and Diseases Skin

1994 Noise-indueed due to Silicosis

Diseases

deafness asbestos Diseases

Osteoarticular Diseases Hearing loss and Skin

1996 Silicosis due to noise-indueed

Diseases asbestos deafness

Diseases

Belgium Osteoarticular Skin Diseases Hearing loss and 1998 due to noise-indueed Silicosis

Diseases diseases

asbestos deafness

Hearing loss and Diseases

2000 Osteoarticular Skin

noise-induced due to Nerve paralysis

Diseases diseases deafness asbestos due to pressure

Traumatic

1994 Skin

Hearing loss Musculoskeletal Respiratory

vasospatic

Diseases diseases diseases Diseases

TraumatiC

1996 Skin

Hearing loss Musculoskeletal Respiratory

Vasospatic

Denmark Diseases diseases diseases Diseases

Skin Musculoskeletal Respiratory Cancer

1998

Diseases diseases Hearing loss

diseases Diseases

Skin Musculoskeletal Respiratory Cancer

2000


diseases diseases Diseases

18

The Actors on Occupational Diseases (ODs) Infectious

1994 Musculoskeletal Skin

and parasitic Respiratory Diseases due to

Diseases diseases diseases diseases chemical agents

Infectious

1996 Musculoskeletal Skin

and parasitic Respiratory Diseases due to

Diseases diseases diseases diseases chemical agents

Spain Infectious

1998 Musculoskeletal Skin Hearing loss and parasitic Respiratory

Diseases diseases diseases Diseases

Infectious Diseases due

2000 Musculoskeletal Skin Respiratory

and parasitic to chemical

Diseases diseases diseases diseases Agents

Allergie Asbestosis

1994 Musculoskeletal Hearing loss Skin

respiratory and pleural

Diseases and deafness diseases diseases Plaques

Allergies Asbestosis

1996 Musculoskeletal Hearing loss Skin

respiratory and pleural

Diseases and deafness diseases diseases Plaques

Finland Asbestosis 1998

Musculoskeletal Skin Respiratory and pleural Tumours

Diseases diseases diseases plaques

Asbestosis

2000 Musculoskeletal Skin Respiratory

and pleural Tumours Diseases diseases diseases plaques

Periarticular Diseases Eczema Diseases

1994 due to Hearing loss due to due to

Diseases

asbestos allergy Cement

Periarticular Diseases Eczema Diseases

1996 due to Hearing loss due to due to

Diseases asbestos allergy Cement

France Periarticular Diseases Eczema Diseases 1998 due to Hearing loss due to due to

Diseases

asbestos allergy Cement

Periarticular Diseases Back diseases Eczema

2000* due to caused by heavy Hearing loss due to

Diseases

asbestos loads Allergy

19




Silicosis poisoning Pulmonary

Diseases Greece



Silicosis poisoning Pulmonary

Diseases

Skin Osteoarticular Broncho-

1994 Hearing loss Asbestosis pneumopathies

diseases

diseases

by silicates

Skin Osteoarticular Broncho-

1996 Hearing loss Asbestosis pneumopathies

Italy diseases

diseases

by silicates

Skin

1998 Hearing loss

diseases Silicosis Asbestosis Mesothelioma

Skin Muscoloskeletal Cancers caused

2000 Hearing loss

diseases disorders Asbestosis

by asbestos

Traumatic

Ireland 2000 Asthma Dermatitis inflammation Pneumoconiosis - of forearm


1994 pulmonary



1996 Diseases diseases pulmonary diseases

Luxembourg Obstructive 1998 Periarticular Skin pulmonary


Periarticular Obstructive Skin

2000 Diseases pulmonary diseases

Given the fact that there are very few

recognized cases, it is impossible to make

an evaluation on 5 diseases

20

The Actors on Occupational Diseases (ODs) Diseases

1994 Hearing loss due to other Silicosis Allergies Skin

physical factors** branchial asthma Diseases

Diseases

1996 Hearing loss due to other Silicosis Skin Allergies

physical factors** diseases bronchial asthma Portugal

Diseases 1998 Hearing loss due to other

Skin Allergies Silicosis

physical factors** Diseases branchial asthma

Diseases

2000 Silicosis Hearing loss due to other Skin Other lung

physical factors** diseases Diseases

Musculoskeletal Skin Respiratory Diseases

1994


Diseases diseases due to vibrations

Musculoskeletal Skin Respiratory Diseases

1996


Diseases diseases due to vibrations

Sweden Musculoskeletal Respiratory Skin Diseases

1998 Diseases diseases Diseases due to vibrations Hearing loss

Diseases due to

2000 Musculoskeletal

Hearing loss Skin Respiratory

other physical

Diseases Diseases diseases factors**

Chranic

1994 Skin

Tendinitis diseases of Important Respiratory

Diseases Bursale hearing loss Diseases

Chronic

Switzerland 1996 Skin 1 mportant

Tendinitis diseases Respiratory

Diseases hearing loss of bursae Diseases

Disorders of

1999 the locomotor Skin Important Infectious Respiratory

Apparatus diseases hearing loss diseases Diseases

** radiation/heat/cold/draughts

Hearing loss and hypoacousia are the most recognized diseases in 4 countries.

21


Ratio of recognized ODs to declared ODs (Table 7)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Germany 18.3% 17.1% 16.6% 19.4% 23.2% 27.9% 26.7% 27.4% 25% 23.4% 23.1%

Austria 51.8% 47.6% 44.8% 44.3% 39.8% 39.3% 40.7% 40.7% 46% 43.9% 41.7%

Belgium 43.2% 46.8% 61.4% 60.6% 51.4% 60.9% 53.4% 49.5% 52% 39% 40.5%

Denmark 16.4% 32.7% 26.7% 23.3% 21% 19.6% 16.8% 12.7% 14.7% 16.5% 22.8%

Spain no data available

Finland 50% 45% 38.4% 38.9% 36.2% 33.1% 29.3% 27.5% 26.5% 27% 27%

France c 70% 72.3% 73.6% 74% 75.4% 73.8% 71.6% 75% 79% 74% 75%

Greece - - - 88.4% 85.7% 90% 90.9% 94.3% 89.7% 76.4% 78.1%

Ireland 52% 90% 76% 73% 91% 87% 7% 84% 66% 66% 44%

Italy 26.2% 33.6% 29.7% 27.7% 24.4% 18.5% 14% 13.6% 15.6% 16% 20%

Luxembourg 6.7% 16% 20.4% 15.5% 24.5% 30.9% 23.2% 20.7% 33.6% 17.5% 16.9%

Portugal - - 35.7% 46.6% 39.8% 73.1% 40% 34.8% 40.9% 46.8% 48.9%

Sweden 81.5% 77.4% 69.2% 50.6% 47.2% 41.3% 40.3% 43% 51% 54% 45%

Switzerland 80% 79% 78% 78% 76% 77% 77% 77% 78% 80% -

Switzerland and France accept between 75-80% of claims, meanwhile Italy, Germany, Denmark and Luxemburg about 25% of claims are accepted.

22


Data on occupational diseases per country (Table 8)

GERMANY

Source: HVBG Validation: 2001

Year Insured

population Claims for

Recognition

Number of claims

per 100,000 insured persons

Recognized / approved

Cases

Recognized ODs /

notified ODs ratio

Number of recognized ODs per 100,000 insured persons

1990 26,650,192 51,105 192 9,363 18.3% 35

1991 33,823,405 61 ,156 181 10,479 17.1% 31

1992 33,660,511 73,568 219 12,227 16.6% 36

1993 32,796,465 92,058 281 17,833 19.4% 54

1994 32,729,257 83,847 256 19,419 23.2% 59

1995 33,323,536 78,429 235 21,886 27.9% 66

1996 33,134,669 82,349 249 21,985 26.7% 66

1997 33,560,008 77,310 230 21,187 27.4% 63

1998 33,266,663 74,470 224 18,614 25.0% 56

1999 33,650,713 72,722 216 17,046 23.4% 51

2000 33,721,319 71,172 211 16,414 23.1% 49

The insured population groups together the wage-earners of industry, commerce, services and some of the self-employed persons.

23


AUSTRIA Source: AUVA Validation: 2002

Year Insured

population Claims for

Recognition

Number of claims


Recognized I approved

cases

Recognized ODsl

notified ODs ratio


1990 2,490,360 3,768 151 1,950 51.8% 78

1991 2,548,260 3,776 148 1,796 47.6% 70

1992 2,569,430 4,098 159 1,834 44.8% 71

1993 2,559,990 3,955 154 1,753 44.3% 68

1994 2,573,250 3,216 125 1,279 39.8% 50

1995 2,580,540 3,440 133 1,353 39.3% 52

1996 2,564,530 3,246 127 1,321 40.7% 52

1997 2,578,970 2,893 112 1,175 40.7% 46

1998 2,609,980 2,631 101 1,211 46.0% 46

1999 2,646,070 2,870 108 1,259 43.9% 48

2000 2,951,160 3,040 103 1,268 41.7% 42

The insured population groups together the wage-earners of industry, commerce and services who make up 74% of the working population. There is no accurate information concerning the agricultural sector (20%), the public sector (5%), the railways (1 %). Moreover the city of Vienna has a social insurance far its civil servants which is independent of the "general law on social insurance" (ASVG).

24

The Actors on Occupational Diseases (ODs)BELGIUM Source: FMP and Social Affairs Ministry Validation: 2002

Year Insured population

Claims for recognition

Number of claims


Recognized 1 approved

cases

Recognized ODsl

notified ODs ratio


1990 2,198,518 9,476 431 4,100 43.2% 186

1991 2,200,813 9,314 423 4,357 46.8% 198

1992 2,196,049 9,896 450 6,076 61.4% 277

1993 2,143,016 8,404 392 5,092 60.6% 237

1994 2,133,306 7,863 368 4,047 51.4% 189

1995 2,172,174 7,305 336 4,449 60.9% 204

1996 2,187,391 6,542 299 3,498 53.4% 160

1997 2,216,040 6,075 274 3,011 49.5% 136

1998 2,266,928 6,231 275 3,250 52.0% 143

1999 2,310,126 5,935 256 2,323 39.0% 100

2000 2,369,256 6,575 277 2,661 40.5% 112

The insured population groups together the wage-earners of industry, commerce and agriculture; these statistics do not take into account the public sector, the civil service, the provincial and local administrations, the servicemen, the self-employed workers, the students and the people in service.

25


DENMARK Source: Arbejdsskadestyrelsen Validation: 2001

Year Insured

population Claims for recognition

Number of claims


Recognized 1 approved

cases

Recognized ODsl

notified ODs ratio


1990 2,395,154 13,157 549 2,156 16.4% 90

1991 2,385,023 12,686 532 4,151 32.7% 174

1992 2,351,612 13,134 559 3,503 26.7% 149

1993 2,340,334 14,789 632 3,445 23.3% 147

1994 2,323,712 15,550 669 3,268 21.0% 140

1995 2,369,544 15,857 669 3,115 19.6% 131

1996 2,405,4 76 15,655 651 2,640 16.8% 109

1997 2,430,709 15,608 642 1,987 12.7% 82

1998 2,470,113 14,201 575 2,094 14.7% 85

1999 2,519,407 13,242 523 2,181 16.5% 87

2000 2,523,878 13,748 545 3,138 22.8% 124

The insured population groups together the wage-earners of industry, commerce, services, agriculture and public sector.

26


SPAIN

Source: AMAT Validation: 2002



Number of claims



cases

Recognized 005/

notified 005 ratio

Number of recognized

005 per 100,000 insured persons

1990 10,135,000 4,285 42

1991 10,275,000 4,890 48

1992 10,186,000 5,110 50

1993 9,773,000 5,489 56

1994 9,665,000 5,373 56

1995 9,886,000 6,459 65

1996 10,047,000 7,958 79

1997 10,149,000 9,640 95

1998 10,751,000 12,125 113

1999 10,431,100 14,755 141

2000 11,155,100

no available data

17,858

no available data

160

The insured population groups together the wage-earners of industry, commerce and services. Comments: it is not possible to indicate the number of claims far recognition received, because this data is not centralized.

27


FINLAND Source: Federation of Accident Insurance Institutions Validation: 2001



Number of claims



cases

Recognized 005/

notified 005 ratio

Number of recognized

005 per 100,000 insured persons

1990 2,324,500 7,434 320 3,716 50.0% 160

1991 2,203,400 7,011 318 3,154 45.0% 143

1992 2,044,600 6,842 335 2,628 38.4% 129

1993 1,921,400 6,181 322 2,404 38.9% 125

1994 1,906,600 6,543 343 2,368 36.2% 124

1995 1,962,400 6,492 331 2,246 33.1% 110

1996 1,988,000 6,054 305 1,776 29.3% 89

1997 2,055,700 5,621 273 1,546 27.5% 75

1998 2,129,194 4,940 232 1,300 26.5% 61

1999 2,205,734 5,408 245 1 ,460 27.0% 66

2000 2,323,000 5,540 238 1 ,495 27.0% 64

The insured population groups together all wage-earners (except farmers and their families).

28


FRANCE Source: CNAMTS Validation: 2002



Number of claims



cases

Recognized ODsl

notified ODs ratio


1990 14,920,798 9,423 63 6,592 70.0% 44

1991 15,091,754 10,392 69 7,512 72.3% 50

1992 15,001,936 12,022 80 8,847 73.6% 59

1993 14,709,877 12,433 85 9,198 74.0% 63

1994 14,794,701 13,714 93 10,345 75.4% 70

1995 15,037,929 15,421 103 11,387 73.8% 76

1996 15,345,626 18,546 121 13,278 71.6% 86.5

1997 15,413,389 20,865 135 15,554 75.0% 101

1998 15,503,568 22,436 144 17,722 79.0% 114

1999 15,803,680 31,646 200 23,336 74.0% 147

2000 16,868,914 40,000 237 29,918* 75.0% 177

* provisional data

The insured population groups together the wage-earners of industry, commerce and services.

Comments: There are, in fact, several types of statistics: financial statistics which take into account cases compensated far the first time in the year (giving rise to the payment of daily

compensation or a pension); quarterly statistics indicating recognized diseases; monthly statistics indicating claims far recognition. CNAMTS is working on the development of a more efficient system.

29


GREECE Source: IKA Validation: 2002



Number of claims



cases

Recognized ODsl

notified ODs ratio


1990 1,812,330

1991 1,830,647

1992 1,849,025

no available data

1993 1,861,128 112 6 99 88.4% 5.3

1994 1,873,855 126 7 108 85.7% 5.7

1995 1,883,661 100 5.3 90 90.0% 4.7

1996 1,889,167 88 4.6 80 90.9% 4.2

1997 1,901,953 71 3.7 67 94.3% 3.5

1998 1,907,667 68 3.5 61 89.7% 3.2

1999 1,935,246 85 4.4 65 76.4% 3.4

2000 1,941,265 87 4.5 68 78.1% 3.5

The insured population includes the wage-earners of industry, commerce and services; the employees of the public sector, some categories of wage-earners (in banks or journalists far example), the wage-earners of agriculture and the self-employed workers are not included in these data.

30


IRELAND Source: Welfare Department Validation: 2002

Year Insured Population


Number of claims



cases

Recognized ODsl

notified ODs ratio


1990 1,205,100 53+ 4.4 28+ 52% 2.3

1991 1,195,700 59+ 4.9 53+ 90% 4.4

1992 1,220,530 72+ 5.9 55* 76% 4.5

1993 1,175,450 139+ 11.8 102* 73% 8.7

1994 1,236,700 101+ 8.2 92* 91% 7.4

1995 1,529,300 97+ 6.4 84* 87% 5.5

1996 1,613,600 69+ 4.3 50* 72% 3.1

1997 1,797,800 101+ 5.6 85* 84% 4.7

1998 1,797,800 82+ 4.6 54* 66% 3.0

1999 1,908,070 90+ 4.7 59* 66% 3.1

2000 1,980,070 149 7.5 66* 44% 3.3

+ understated *adjusted

The insured population includes employees in industry, commerce and services, agriculture and the public sector.

Comments: unfortunately, the data in this respect is not reliable because, apart from the year 2000, the figures are incomplete. Moreover, some estimation had to be applied to the figures to negate duplication. We believe that the correct claim figures would be 50% to 80% higher. But even allowing this, the figures are so small that the effect on the ratio of claims per 100,000 insured persons would be negligible in the overall context.

31


ITAL Y

Source: INAIL Validation: 2002



Number of claims



cases

Recognized ODsl

notified ODs ratio


1990 17,300,000 61,310 354 16,082 26.2% 93

1991 18,100,000 53,683 297 18,015 33.6% 100

1992 18,000,000 63,887 355 18,980 29.7% 105

1993 17,400,000 50,200 289 13,887 27.7% 80

1994 17,300,000 41,055 237 9,997 24.4% 58

1995 17,400,000 36,645 211 6,769 18.5% 39

1996 17,400,000 35,040 201 4,921 14.0% 28

1997 17,400,000 31,259 180 4,263 13.6% 25

1998 17,700,000 29,367 166 4,571 15.6% 26

1999 17,700,000 28,654 162 4,598 16.0% 26

2000 17,900,000 28,723 160 5,941 20.0% 33

By insured population Italy means all the workers covered by the insurance (i.e. working in some activities defined as dangerous by the law) in the following sectors: industry, trade, services, agriculture and, but to some extent only, public sector.

32


LUXEMBOURG Source: AAA Validation: 2002


Claims for Recognition

Number of claims



cases

Recognized ODsl

notified ODs ratio


1990 158,642 179 113 12 6.7% 8 1991 165,797 175 106 17 16.0% 10 1992 171,932 169 98 20 20.4% 12 1993 176,168 155 88 24 15.5% 14 1994 180,751 94 52 23 24.5% 13 1995 190,668 94 49 29 30.9% 15 1996 187,823 112 60 26 23.2% 14 1997 195,751 121 62 25 20.7% 13 1998 206,030 125 61 42 33.6% 20 1999 216,331 143 66 25 17.5% 12 2000 229,661 189 82 32 16.9% 14

The insured population groups together the wage-earners of industry, commerce and services excepted civil servants, employees of the public sector, students etc. who are under a special scheme. Comments: it is hard to compare the statistics for Luxembourg with those of the other European Union countries, for at least two reasons:

- the insured population is not very large, thus the sample is too small to produce significant data;

- the jobs performed are different: 50% of the working population works in offices, commerce or services where risks are minor. The fact that an important part of the wage-earners is occupied in the tertiary sector explains why there are proportionally less occupational diseases in Luxembourg. Three other data come to supplement this explanation. - until there two years ago, there were no company doctors in Luxembourg; the claims far recognition come especially from the frontier countries, - some pathologies must present a certain gravity to be recognized as occupational, - for five categories of diseases (among which RSI, dermatosis and respiratory allergies) the recognition is related to the fact that the victim gives up his/her occupation (the benefits allocated by the health insurance are reimbursed by the accident insurance after the recognition as OD).

33


PORTUGAL Source: CNPRP Validation: 2002



Number of claims



cases

Recognized ODsl

notified ODs ratio


1992 3,970,482 2,300 58 820 35.7% 21 1993 3,872,043 3,030 78 1,413 46.6% 36 1994 4,025,383 3,093 77 1,231 39.8% 31 1995 4,197,313 2,413 57 1,765 73.1% 42 1996 4,153,959 2,657 64 1,083 40.0% 26 1997 4,204,837 2,458 58 856 34.8% 20 1998 4,986,800 2,504 50 1,024 40.9% 20.5 1999 5,046,800 2,942 58 1,378 46.8% 27 2000 5,113,100 2,796 55 1,370 48.9% 27

The insured population corresponds to the working population according to the data of the National Institute of Statistics. Comments: The data collection system is being improved.

34


SWEDEN Source: National Social Insurance Board Validation: 2001



Number of claims



cases

Recognized ODsl

notified ODs ratio


1990 4,473,350 68,186 1,524 55,544 81.5% 1,242

1991 4,304,567 72,682 1,688 56,243 77.4% 1,307

1992 4,052,827 70,453 1,738 48,779 69.2% 1,204

1993 3,748,125 71,312 1,903 43,214 50.6% 1,153

1994 3,800,427 50,4 79 1,328 23,846 47.2% 627

1995 3,850,862 24,048 642 9,943 41.3% 258

1996 3,827,502 10,078 263 4,066 40.3% 106

1997 3,813,221 6,460 169 2,781 43.0% 73

1998 3,929,974 6,901 176 3,514 51.0% 89

1999 3,959,795 9,169 232 4,991 54.0% 126

2000 4,220,000 13,030 309 5,840 45.0% 138

The insured population groups together wage-earners of industry, commerce, services, agriculture and public sector and the self-employed persons. In general only claims of long-term allowances can be recognized. Long-term allowances can be paid along with disability pension or because of loss of income caused by change of work or training far a new job.

35


SWITZERLAND

Source: SUVA Validation: 2002



Number of claims



cases

Recognized ODsl

notified ODs ratio


1990 3,420,000 6,922 202 5,555 80% 162

1991 3,383,000 6,510 192 5,124 79% 151

1992 3,308,000 6,294 190 4,904 78% 148

1993 3,246,000 5,908 182 4,599 78% 142

1994 3,247,000 5,912 182 4,509 76% 139

1995 3,228,000 5,810 180 4,457 77% 138

1996 3,200,000 5,405 169 4,152 77% 130

1997 3,206,000 5,152 161 3,988 77% 124

1998 3,233,000 5,074 157 3,966 78% 123

1999 3,337,000 4,537 136 3,644 80% 109

2000 no data available to date

The insured population groups together the wage-earners of industry, commerce, services and public sector.

As you can see the number of recognized ODs per 100,000 insured person is decreasing in many countries. It is claimed a convergence system particularly due to the growth of number of cross-border workers.

36


4) The behaviour of companies and of their Associations in the social dialogue with employees and Trade Unions

I have chosen the company BASF, the most important in the EU for its size, innovative processes and products, which is obliged to involve Trade Unions, employee and citizens to assert a widespread culture on sustainable development.BASF has developed the tool of eco-efficiency analysis to dress not only environmental issues posed by the marketplace, politics, product strategy and research. It is based on assessing environmental behaviour, environmental impact, possible effect on human health end ecosystems, and the cost of products and processes from the cradle to the grave. The goal of eco-efficiency analysis is to quantify the sustainability of products and processes.

37


“The ODs are a thing of the past”, said BASF. The company has developed a program on health protection called “Occupational medicine”. This program includes eight performance standards that apply to various fields of occupational medicine and which are valid worldwide.

The European Responsible Care Conference of the Chemical

Industry, which took place in Dublin, in 2005, has encouraged

continuous improvement in Safety, Health and Environment

performances and was focused on the delivery of product

stewardship. This is the “Statement” of FECC ( European Association Chemicals Distribution): Product stewardship is the way we work and

communicate with our partners along the supply chain to manage existing partners and new products and meet the increasing demands for Health, Safety, Environmental protection and sustainability.

38


And CEFIC in order to show you the following figures:

Fatalities 1996 – 2002 Fatalities cases per 100,000 workers of 20 countries in the EU

Fatalities 1996 – 2002 Fatality Cases per 100,000 workers (EU Chemical Industry) (Table 9)

39

The Actors on Occupational Diseases (ODs) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Austria 0 0 0 0 0 0

Belgium 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

Czech Republic 9 3 9 0 2 4 0

Denmark 0 0 0 0 1

Finland 0 0 1 2 3 0 1

France 9 7 2 0 2 11 1

Germany 8 6 14 3 5 6 5

Greece 0 0 0 0

Hungary 2 3 5 0 3 0 2

Ireland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Italy 2 3 1 2 2 4 1

Netherlands 1 3 1 0 3 0 1

Norway 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

Poland 3 5 5 1 0 0 0

Portugal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Slovak Republic 1 3 2 0 1 2 0

Spain 3 1 1 2 3 0 4

Sweden 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Switzerland 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

Turkey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

United Kingdom 0 1 3 2 1 1 0

Total 39 37 46 13 26 30 15

Rate Europe 2,76 2,61 3,69 1,12 2,30 2,65 1,39

Total ( - Denmark) 39 37 46 13 25 30 15

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Rate ( 20 countries) 2,79 2,65 3,75 1,13 2,22 2,65 1,39

Source : CEFIC Responsible Care data

40


(Table 10) The frequency rate of ODs depend on national legislation, culture, compensation status and occupational health practices for that reason it is difficult to report an a truly comparable basis.

Chart 8.3 : EU Chemical Industry: Fatality rate: 1996-2002

2,65

1,39

2,22

1,13

3,75

2,652,79

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

4,00

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Fat

alit

y r

ate

(p

er 1

00 0

00 e

mp

loye

es)

Source: Cefic (Responsible Care data)Countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom

20 Cefic member Countries

41


4) Conclusions

We have seen national trends and “cultures” regarding occupational diseases in general and particularly in the chemical industry. We can therefore assert the following indications: Among the most common occupational diseases

regarding the ones that are claimed and compensated, one can find the diseases caused by physical agents which cognitive framework shows that there is a change of the previous causal nexus by effect of the new raw materials and technologies. Whereas the last epidemiological studies show new causal nexus , always by physical agents (diseases caused by repetitive movements of arms and musculoskeletal disorders).

42


There is the development and a strong pressure for recognition of physiologic diseases (stress, mobbing, others).

We are faced to increased attention and pressure (epidemiological studies) regarding tumours caused by chemical agents, nevertheless the number of professional diseases caused by chemical agents in the EU countries is negligible:586 cases in 2003 over 54.454.

Basic knowledge, continuous flow of information and training aimed to increase the quality of work in the chemical industry are indicators that show in a precise manner, the way to be followed regarding prevention and protection of health, safety and environment at workplace.

43


As it is the case in the chemical industry, the management systems and the integrated management of each system are necessary to increase the quality of work (less injuries at work, less occupational diseases, less accidents and negative environmental impact). The result it is a better quality of management regarding production and processes by increasing the productivity of the company.

This it is the departure focal point to implement together with the downstream users prevention and protection of human health and to start an information process to the attention of consumers regarding chemical products and products containing chemical substances.

44


End of presentation

Facts and figures on occupational protectionand experiences in the chemical industry

By Oraldo De Toni EMCEF

by oraldo de toni emcef

Documents