WhenIwasverykindlyaskedtodothistalk,PipLaurensonsaid“justtalkabouttheneedforchangethatyou’veseenduringyour?meworkingondigitalpreserva?onandarchiving”-“you’veworkedonEuropeanprojects,you’vebeeninvolvedin

technologytransfer,you’vespunoutabusinessfromaUniversity,andyou’veestablishedArkivum-there’slotstosay”.Ithoughtnoproblem,Icantalkaboutallthat.

ThenIstartedthinkingabitharderaboutwhatI’dsay.AndIkeptcomingbacktothesametheme.“Digitalpreserva?onisbloodyhardwork”.

Idon’tmeandoingEUprojectslikePERICLES-that’sthefunbit.WhatImeanisthatit’sbloodyhardmakingstuffliveonaMer

fundingrunsoutinEUprojects.Forexample,it’sbloodyhardtryingtomakeabusinesscaseforpreserva?onandarchivingthatstacksuptogetcommercialinvestmentinanewbusiness.And,ingeneral,it’sbloodyhardtryingtoselldigitalpreserva?on

solu?onsoutsideofthetradi?onalhun?nggroundsofmuseums,libraries,archivesandspecialcollec?ons.

But,Ican’treallystandhereanddoatalkwhereImoanalotaboutthingsbeingbloodyhard–especiallyaMerallthe

inspira?onalthingsweheardlastnightattheDigitalPreserva?onCoali?onawards!

SoIthoughtaboutwhyitseemssohard.Ithoughtaboutwhetherthere’sanalterna?vewayofdoingthings.SoIthoughtI’d

talkaboutwhereIthinktherearesomegreatopportuni?esfordigitalpreserva?ontobeappliedinnewwaysandtonewproblems.

Inpar?cular,newopportuni?esfordigitalpreserva?ontobeadoptedandusedbyafarbiggercommunitythanitistoday.Andnewopportuni?esforusalltobenefitfromthesenewusesandthesenewcommuni?es.

I’mcallingthis‘preserva?onthroughthepowerofmany’–whichisatleastabeUer?tlethan“digitalpreserva?on:it’sbloody

hardwork!”.

1

Letmestartbytakingaboutadifferentworld-theNHS.

TheNa?onalHealthServiceintheUKistheworld’sfiMhlargestemployer.TheNHSistoppedonlyby

USdepartmentofdefense,theChineseMilitary,Walmartand,somewhatironically,MacDonalds,

whichallbyitselfhasprobablyhelpedboosttheNHSrankings!

TheNHSemploys1.7millionpeopleandhasabudgetofnearly£140billionpounds.

TheNHSissimplyhuge.

TheNHSprovidesfreepubliclyfundedhealthcaretotheUK’s65millionresidents.

TheNHSdealswithastaggering1millionpeopleevery36hours.

TheNHSdoesafantas?cjob.

2

ButtheNHSisincrisis.

TheNHScannotcopewithcurrentworkloads.

Staffareupinarmsaboutpayandcondi?ons.

Rarelydoesadaygobywithoutsomeformofnewsstoryaboutwai?nglists,staffshortages,strikesby

juniordoctors,lackofbeds,andamul?tudeofotherproblems.

Despitethis,theNHSremainsoneoftheworldsbesthealthcaresystems.Probablyeveryoneinthis

roomhasbeenthankfultotheNHSatone?meorother.

TheproblemtheNHSfacesisapopula?onthatisbothgrowingandlivinglonger.

Wenowsurvivethediseasesthatusedtobekillersonlyafewdecadesago.Insteadweliveontoface

heartdisease,cancer,strokes,demen?a,alzheimersandotherhorrorsofoldage.Thesediseasescan

becomplex,hardtotreat,drawnoutandofcourseextremelyexpensive.

It’snowondertheNHSisstruggling.

3

Isthesolu?ontoincreasestaffing?

Isthesolu?ontokeepincreasingbudgets?

Isthesolu?ontoincreaseefficiencies?

Isthesolu?ontonewtechnologies?

Theanswerisbothyesandno.

Thesethingswillallhelp,buttheyarenotthewholesolu?on.Theyareliketrea?ngthesymptoms

andnotthecause.

4

Perhapsthemostimportantpartofthesolu?onisforfewerpeopletogetillinthefirstplace.

Healthierlifestylesmeanfewerailments,fewertripstothedoctorsortohospital,andahuge

reduc?onontheworkloadoftheNHS.

hUps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/aUachment_data/file/307703/LW4L.pdf

5

Justtoputthisintocontextverybriefly,here’ssomeexamples.

AccordingtoCancerResearchUK,anunhealthylifestyleistherootcauseofaboutathirdofall

cancers.

Thereareover350,000newcasesofcancereachyear.

Expertssaymostcasesofprematuredeathfromheartdiseasearecompletelypreventable.

160,000peoplediefromheartdiseaseeachyear.

hUp://www.nhs.uk/livewell/over60s/pages/the-top-five-causes-of-premature-death.aspx

hUp://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-sta?s?cs

hUps://heartuk.org.uk/press/press-kit/key-facts-figures

6

It’sclearthatifonlypeopletookbeUercareoftheirhealththentheNHSwouldn’tbeincrisis.And

we’dallfeelalotbeUerforit.ThisiswhatImeanbythe‘powerofmany’.65millionpeopledoing

justaliUlebitmoretolookaMerthemselveswouldhaveatransforma?veeffectonthe1.6mpeoplein

theNHSthatlookaMerthem.

Myargumentisthatthesameistruefordigitalpreserva?on.

Ifonlypeoplecrea?ngdigitalcontenttookbeUercareoftheirdata.

Thepowerofmanyappliesjustasmuchtothelong-termhealthofdigitalcontentandourcollec?ve

digitallegacyasitdoestothelong-termhealthofourna?onandthehealthcaresystemthatsupports

it.

7

Letmeputthisintosomestarknumbers.

Thereare65millionpeopleintheUKwith680,000qualifiedhealthcareprofessionalsintheNHSto

lookaMerthem.

Thesame65millonpeopleallgeneratedigitaldatainonewayoranother,eitherprivatelyas

individuals,throughtheiremploymentandwork,orbybeingpartofrecordsorcontentcreatedby

others.

Butmyes?mateisthatthere’sprobablyonly10,000professionalsintheUKwhohaveanyformal

trainingindigitalpreserva?on,i.e.peoplewhoknowhowtolookaMerthedigitallegacythatweareall

crea?ng.Foreveryonepersonwhoistrainedinhowtokeepdigitalcontentalive,thereare6,500

peoplegenera?ngthatdigitalcontentday-inandday-out.

That’sastaggeringgap.That’salsoahugeopportunity.The‘powerofmany’couldhaveanenormous

effectifwecouldgetthat65milliontodojustaliUlebitmoredigitalpreserva?onthemselves.

hUp://www.nhsconfed.org/resources/key-sta?s?cs-on-the-nhs

“In2015,acrossHospitalandCommunityHealthcareServices(HCHS)andGPprac?ces,theNHS

employed149,808doctors,314,966qualifiednursingstaffandhealthvisitors(HCHS),25,418

midwives,23,066GPprac?cenurses,146,792qualifiedscien?fic,therapeu?candtechnicalstaff,

18,862qualifiedambulancestaffand30,952managers.”

678,912qualifiedstaff(notincludingmanagers).

8

ThisisthecruxofwhatI’mproposing.

Weneedtoapplydigitalpreserva?on‘upstream’intotheworldofthosecrea?ngcontent.

Andifwedon’tdothisandtakeadvantageofthe‘powerofmany’,thenwe’llfaceallsortsof

problems‘downstream’inourarchivesandmemoryins?tu?ons.

I’llspareyouthestatsandleavethe‘zeUabytesdigitaluniverse’toIDC,butifyouthinkaboutsocial

media,theinternetofthings,cloudcompu?ngandahostofothertransforma?vetechnologiesthen

threethingsareclear:

-  Wearegenera?ngeverlargervolumesofdigitalcontent

-  Wearegenera?ngevermorecomplexdigitalcontent

-  Ourhistoryisbecomingevermoredigitalandevermorefragile

hUp://uk.emc.com/leadership/digital-universe/index.htm?pid=landing-digitaluniverse-131212

hUp://www.idc.com/downloads/where_is_storage_infographic_243338.pdf

9

Ifitwereeasytomovedigitalpreserva?onupstreamthenwe’dhavedoneitalready.Realizingthe

‘powerofmany’requiresthreethings.

1.  Digitalpreserva?ontoolsortechniquesneedtoprovideimmediatebenefitintheworldof

contentcreators.Thetradi?onalargumentsusedinmemoryins?tu?onsaboutsafeguardinga

digitallegacysoit’saccessibleitthefuturewon’twork.Theargumentneedstobethatthereis

benefitrightnowbysolvingabusinessproblemrightnowandnotaboutsomebenefitthatmight

accrueatsomepointinthefuture.

2.  Digitalpreserva?ontoolsortechniquesneedtoreducecosts.Thetradi?onalargumentof

inves?ngindigitalpreserva?onbyspendingabitofextramoneynowinordertoreducecostsof

accessorlossinthefuturewon’twork.Theargumentneedstobethatdigitalpreserva?oncan

notonlysolveabusinessproblemrightnow,butitcanalsosavemoney-atthesame?me.

3.  Digitalpreserva?ontoolsandtechniquesneedtobeintegratedandautomatedintothe

environmentwherecontentiscreated.Thisisactuallyjustanotheraspectofloweringthecosts,

butinthiscasethe‘peoplecosts’.Thereneedstobenoextrabarriersinplace,nohurdlesto

jump,noextraprocessesandprocedurestofollow.Peopleneeddigitalpreserva?ontoworkfor

themautoma?callyinthebackground–almostasifitwasn’tthereatall.

Myargumentisthatifwecandothosethreethingsthenitisen?relypossibletoapplydigital

preserva?ontoolsandtechniquestosolveimmediatebusinessproblemsandasaresultachieveat

leastsomeofthe‘powerofmany’.Andmostimportantly,ifwedothisthenweasadigital

preserva?oncommunitywillallbenefitasaresult.Morepeoplewillbemakinguseofdigital

preserva?ontoolsandtechniques,includingindustrieswherethereisalotmoremoneyavailable,and

notonlywillwebeonthereceivingendofdigitalcontentthatisalotmore‘healthy’butwe’llhavea

lotmorepeoplewithavestedinterestinsustainingandadvancingdigitalpreserva?onasadiscipline.

10

Pipedreamorpossibility?

IwanttospendtherestofthistalklookingatsomeexamplesthatIseeinmyday-to-dayworkat

Arkivumofhowwecanachievethesethings.

I’mdeliberatelygoingtopickexamplesoutsidethetradi?onalareasofheritageandcollec?ng

ins?tu?ons.

InsteadI’mgoingtopickexamplesinfinance,healthcare,pharmaceu?calsanddataprotec?on.

I’mgoingtopickexampleswhereIthinktherereallyispoten?alandnotjustafigmentofmy

imagina?on!

I’mgoingtopickexampleswherethedigitalpreserva?ontechnologiesandtechniquesweneed

alreadyexist–it’sacaseofhowtoapplythemtonewproblemsandinnewways.

11

FirstupisGDPR,whichistheforthcomingEUGeneralDataProtec?onRegula?onwhichappliesinMay

2018.

ThinkofthisasexpandingtherequirementsoftheDataProtec?onActintheUK.

Andno,Brexitdoesn’tmeanitwon’tapply–ifwewanttocon?nuetradingwithEuropethenwe’ll

needtosupportacompa?blesystemofDataProtec?on,whichmeansGDPR.

GDPRappliestoPersonalDatawithabroaddefini?onandhasrequirementsonthosethatcontroland

processthatpersonaldata.Theserequirementsincludetheneedtoproperlystoreandsecure

personaldatatopreventun-authoriseddisclosureanduse.

Andifyoufailtomeettheserequirementsthenthepenal?escanbehuge.Thisincludesupto€20M

or4%ofglobalturnoverinfines.Yes,4%ofglobalturnover–whichcouldbemassive–thinkabout

mul?-na?onalbusinessessuchaslargebanks!ThisiswhyindustrywillcareaboutGDPRbecause(a)

it’sbecomingthelawand(b)notfollowingtherulescouldbeverycostly.

hUps://ico.org.uk/for-organisa?ons/data-protec?on-reform/overview-of-the-gdpr/

hUp://www.out-law.com/en/ar?cles/2016/may/gdpr-poten?al-fines-for-data-security-breaches-

more-severe-for-data-controllers-than-processors-says-expert/

12

Forthisreason,es?matesarethattherewillneedtobealotofDataProtec?onOfficers–DPOs–to

supportthecorrectimplementa?onandgovernanceofGDPRbyanorganisa?on.That’s75,000

officers–thatdoesn’tincludethepeoplewho’llbeexecu?ngGDPRonadaytodaybasisletaloneall

thepeoplecrea?ngpersonaldatainthefirstplace.Alotofpeopleinalotofindustrieswithalotof

money.Surelyanopportunityforthe‘powerofmany’.

hUps://iapp.org/news/a/study-gdprs-global-reach-to-require-at-least-75000-dpos-worldwide/

13

Andthat’sindeedthecase.Whilstini?alaUen?onwilllikelybemostlyondataconfiden?alityand

preven?ngdatabreaches,whichaMeralliswhatwilltriggerthebigfines,theGDPRalsoaffordsaset

ofrightstoindividuals.Therighttoaccessyourdataandtherighttohaveyourdataarejusttwoof

these.

TheserightswillbegevngaUen?ontoofromorganisa?ons,theirDPOs,andtheirsuppliers.

Iwanttohighlightonerightinpar?cular.Therighttodataportability.

ThissaysthatasanindividualIhavetherighttoaccessmypersonaldataasheldbyanorganisa?on

andIshouldexpectittobegiventomeinaformthatiseasynotjustformetouseandunderstand

butisalsomachinereadableandcanbetransferredtootherorganisa?onswhoneedtoprocessit.

AsshownhereonanextractfromTheInforma?onCommissioner’sOfficewebsite,thisrequiresthe

useofopen,commonlyusedandmachinereadableformats.

hUps://ico.org.uk/for-organisa?ons/data-protec?on-reform/overview-of-the-gdpr/individuals-rights/

the-right-to-data-portability/

14

Guesswhat?Weknowhowtodothatinthedigitalpreserva?oncommunity.Wehavetoolsforfile

formatiden?fica?on,conversionandvalida?on.Wehavemetadatastandardsforinteroperabilityand

exchange.Wehavejustthesortofknowledgeandexperiencethatpeopleneedtosupportthispart

ofGDPR.

Ifweworkedwiththosepeopleimplemen?ngGDPRincludingthevendorsofthesoMwareand

systemsthatthey’lluse,thenwecouldseeautomatedandembeddeddigitalpreserva?ontoolsand

techniquesbeingusedtosolvetheimmediatebusinessproblemofbeingreadyforGDPR.

WecouldhelpsavebigbusinessesalotofmoneyandwecouldhelpthembebeUerpreparedandwe

couldhelpthishappensooner.

Thebenefitsthenflowdownstreamtothoseresponsibleforthelong-termreten?onofthatdata.If

youindulgeyourselvesabit,thenyoucanimagineaworldwhereyoumightbeanarchivistorrecords

managerinalargebankorotherbigorganisa?onandthestuffcomingatyouforlong-termreten?on

isalreadyinapreserva?onreadyformat.Noneedforlarge-scalere-guardac?ons.Nostrugglinglots

ofunknownformattypes.Surelythatwouldbeagoodplacetobe?

hUp://openpreserva?on.org/technology/products/fido/

hUps://www.archivema?ca.org/en/

hUp://verapdf.org/

15

ThenextexampleIwantedtouseisDigitalPathologyandGene?cSequencing.

Theuseofdigitaltechnologiesistransformingclinicaldiagnosisinhealthcare.Benefitsincludefaster

turn-round?mesfrompathologylabs,theabilityforgenomicstoiden?fycancersorrarediseaseswith

greaterprecisionandhencedrivemuchmoretargetedtreatments,andtheabilitytosharepathology

databetweenorganisa?onssothatawidersetofspecialistscanbebroughttobearonagivenpa?ent

andtheircondi?on.

16

Theproblemisthatthesenewdisrup?vetechnologiesaregenera?nganunprecedentedamountof

data.

Ifyoulookatthefallincostforsequencingawholehumangenomethenit’sdroppedbyafactorof

morethan10,000overthelast10years.

Thismeanswholegenomesequencingisnowaffordableonapopula?onscaleandisonthevergeof

beingpartofrou?nehealthcare.Youcannowsequenceafullhumangenomeforapproximately

$1000.

We’renowgevngveryclosetothepointwherewholegenomesequencingisadoptedinclinical

prac?ceandrou?nelyappliedtothosevisi?nghospital.We’retalkingonlyafewyearsaway,not

decades.

hUps://www.genome.gov/sequencingcostsdata/

17

Youcanseethepoten?alwhenyoulookattheUK’s100,000genomeproject.Thewholegenomeof

70,000pa?entsandtheirfamilymembersisbeingsequencedforarangeofcancersandrarediseases.

Thisiscrea?nganenormousdatasetthatscien?stscanusetobeUerunderstandthecauseofthese

diseasesandhowbesttotreatpeopleatanindividuallevel.

Thedatasetwilltop20PBofdataandthat’sjustfor100,000genomes.Imagingscalingthisuptothe

wholepopula?on.

TherearealreadysomepreUybasicchallengestoaddressinstoringthisdataandthenmakingit

accessibleforuse,letalonewhat’scomingdownthetracks.

18

Forthe100,000genomeprojectit’snotsomuchofaproblem–theyhaveadedicatedteamand

infrastructurebuiltfromthegrounduptoaddressdataatthisscale.

What’smuchtougheriscopingwiththisdatavolumeintheNHS.Thedatavolumesalreadybeing

generatedbygenomicsandpathologydataisalreadyoutstrippingthecapacityofNHShospital

infrastructures.TheNHSalreadyspends$3BnayearonIT.

Forgetaboutthefactthatthedatahasvaluetothepa?entandinsomecasestheirchildrentoo,which

meanskeepingitfordecades,theproblemishereandnow.

First,howtostorethisstuffatscaleandatalowenoughcost–whilstmaintainingagoodlevelofdata

safety.

Second,howtoprovideaccessacrosshealthcareorganisa?onsinasecureandmanagedway.

Lotsofdata,bigfiles,contentthatdoesn’tchange,largescalelowcoststorage,providingaccesstoa

designatedcommunityinacontrolledway.Soundfamiliar?

19

Guesswhat?Weknowhowtodothatinthedigitalpreserva?oncommunity.

Weknowhowtobuildlargescaledatastoragesystemsthatkeepdatasafeforthelong-term.Weknowhowtoanalysecostsandrisks.

Wehowtobalancesafety,securityandeaseofaccessinstoragesolu?ons.

Weknowhowtoimplementstoragethatmakesmul?plecopiesofthedata,storesthemindifferentloca?ons,migratesmediaandchecksforcorrup?on.

Weknowhowtoprovideaccesstodatatoadesignatedsetofusers–it’scalledatrusteddigitalrepository..

There’salotthatthepreserva?oncommunityhastooffer.

Buttheimportantpointisthatwhatwehaveissomethingthatcanbeappliedtotheimmediateandpressingproblemofdata

storageandhowtokeepthecostsdown.It’snotabouttryingtoconvincetheNHSofthelong-termbenefitsofdigitalpreserva?on–it’sactuallyaboutsolvingtheshorttermpainofstorageoverloadandun-manageablebudgets.Andifwehelp

theNHScrackthatusingdigitalpreserva?ontechniquesandtechnologiesthenthegoodnewsisthatwe’llhelptosolvethe

long-termproblemaspartoftheprocess.

ThisiswhatImeanbyusingdigitalpreserva?ontotackleimmediatebusinessproblemsanddosoinawaythatsavesmoney.The‘powerofmany’inthiscaseisgevngoneofthelargestorganisa?onsintheworldtomakeuseofandbenefitfromdigital

preserva?on.This‘powerofmany’isthenfurtheramplifiedbythewholepopula?onhavingadeepandvestedinterestintheir

databeingheldsafelyandsecurely.

Thebenefitsthenflowdownstreamtothosewithlong-termresponsibilityforthatdata.Imagineyou’reinaNHShospitalresponsibleforrecordsmanagementandlong-termreten?onofpa?entdataandthatallthegenomicsdatageneratedorstored

byyourhospitalwasheldonpreserva?on-gradestoragefromdayone.Nomoretryingtowrangledatafrommul?pleservers

andUSBdrives.Nomoreworryingaboutdataloss.Everythingstoredwithchecksumswithmul?plecopies–thatwouldbenice!

hUp://dpn.org/

hUps://www.lockss.org/

hUp://www.arkivum.com/hUp://4cproject.eu/

20

Con?nuingwiththemedicaltheme,IwanttolooknextatdrugtrialsbyPharmaceu?calcompanies.

Ittakesonaverage$2.5Bntobringanewprescrip?ondrugtomarketaspartofaprocessthattakes

morethanadecade.

Partofthatprocessincludesclinicaltrialsatvariousstagestotesttheirefficacy,i.e.whetherthey

workornot,andtheirsafety,e.g.whethertheyhaveanynastysideeffects.

hUps://www.scien?ficamerican.com/ar?cle/cost-to-develop-new-pharmaceu?cal-drug-now-

exceeds-2-5b/

21

Asyoucanimagine,drugtrialsareahighlyregulatedareaandsubmissionshavetobemadeto

regulatorybodiessuchastheFDAtoprovidedetailedrecordsofatrialanditsresults.

Thereiscurrentlyatransforma?onhappeningwhichisseeingoldpaper-baseddrugtrialsubmissions

beingreplacedwithnewelectronicversions.

AdrugtrialisdocumentedinwhatiscalledaTrialMasterFile.Thisisbasicallyaverylargecollec?on

ofPDFdocumentsthatisassembledtodocumentthetrialandallthetestsdoneonthepar?cipantsin

thetrial.

hUps://tmfrefmodel.com/

hUp://www.appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com/tmf-reference-model-standard-process-efficiency

22

Asyoucanimagine,theregulatorsimposestringentrequirementsonhowdrugtrialsareperformed

andthehandlingoftherecordsofthetrial.

Theserequirementsincludealltheusualaspectsofrecordsmanagementplussomedigital

preserva?onrelatedrequirements,forexampletheongoingreadabilityanduseabilityofdrugtrial

documenta?on.Theserequirementslastforthelife?meofthedrugonmarketandthensome,i.e.

mul?pledecades.

Nots?ckingtothesestandardscanbeverycostly–afailuretoproducethedocumentaryevidence

couldresultinadrughavingtobetakenoffmarketandthelossofrevenuefromthatcouldbebillions.

Andthat’snotincludingthemoreimportantconcernsofprotec?ngthehealthandwellbeingofthe

publicfromdrugsthathaven’tbeentestedproperlyoraresubsequentlyfoundtohaveproblems.

Addressingthesechallengesisanaturalplacetotargetdigitalpreserva?on.

Butthat’snotactuallythescenariothatIwanttotalkabout.

hUps://www.gov.uk/government/organisa?ons/medicines-and-healthcare-products-regulatory-

agency

hUp://www.fda.gov/

hUp://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/

hUp://www.ich.org/home.html

23

WhereIthinkthereisanopportunitytoaddressamoreimmediateproblemisinthewaythatdrug

trialinforma?oniscollectedandtransferredbetweenorganisa?ons.

WhathappensinadrugtrialisthataPharmacompanywilltypicallyrecruitoneormoreContract

ResearchOrganisa?onstoconductthetrial.TheseCROsthenworkwithhospitalsanddoctorsto

recruitpar?cipantstotakepartinthetrials.Thedocumenta?onisassembledandfedbackupthe

chainul?matelybacktothepharmacompanywhohassponsoredthework.

Whilstthereareformatsandsystemsforcrea?ngandstoringTrialMasterFileswithintheCROor

pharmaorganisa?on,thereisn’tacommonlyagreedwaytotransferthesebetweenorganisa?ons.

Giventhatadrugtrialcanlastyearsandcontain100,000documents,therobustexchangeofTMF

contentbetweenorganisa?onsbecomesimportant.

Currently,workisunderwaytolookatstandardisingtheexchangeofTMFcontent.

hUps://tmfrefmodel.files.wordpress.com/2016/10/roadmap-2016.pdf

24

Guesswhat?Wecandothat.

Wehavestandardsformetadataandhowtoexchangeitinarobustwaybetweenorganisa?ons.It’scalledMETS.

Wehavewaysofbaggingupandtransferringdocumentsandmetadatafileswiththeabilitytocheckthatnothinghasbeen

corruptedorlostintheprocess.It’scalledBagIt.

Wehavewaysofdescribingeventsforthecrea?onandtransferofcontent.It’scalledPremis.

WehaveallthecomponentsneededbythePharmaindustrytounderpinrobustandstandardisedtransferofclinicaltrialdocumenta?onbetweenorganisa?ons.

Thisknow-howandtechnologycouldsolveanimmediateprobleminthepharmaindustry.Therearesubstan?alcostsavingsfrombothnotre-inven?ngthewheelandstar?ngoutwithasolidsolu?onfromtheoutset.

The‘powerofmany’effectcomesfromthelargenumberofpeopleandbigorganisa?onsinvolvedindrugtrials–plustheverylargebudgetsatstake.Smallchangesthatimproveandspeed-uptheprocesscanhaveahugeeffect–gevngadrugtomarket

earlierisworthsomethinglike£1Mperdaytoapharmacompany.

Thebenefitsthenflowdownstreamtothosewithlong-termresponsibilityforthatdata.Imagineyouareanarchivemanagerat

apharmacompanyandallthedrugtrialrecordsyouwereresponsibleforkeepingcamereadypackedinPREMISandMETSandhadafullsetofchecksums!

hUp://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/

hUp://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/

hUps://tools.iex.org/html/draM-kunze-bagit-14

25

Onefinalexample.This?mefinancialmarkets.

WhenyouthinkoffinancialmarketsyouoMenthinkoffuriousac?vityonatradingfloorfullofpeople

inblazersshou?ngateachother.Orpeoplebehindhugebanksofscreenswithtelephonesjammed

againsteachyear.

Butinrealitytherearealotpeopleinalotofbanksandotherfinancialorganisa?onswhoaresat

behinddesksandmaketradesday-inday-outwhenmanagingfundsandprovidinginvestmentservices

totheirclients.

Forexample,ontheLondonStockExchange,thereare1milliontradesperdaycrea?ngadaily

turnoverofover$5Bn.

hUp://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/sta?s?cs/daily-trading/daily-trading.html

26

Asyouwouldexpectfinancialmarketsandtradingareheavilyregulated,forexampledrivenbythe

eventsthatleadtothemarketcrashin2007.

TheEUhascreatedsomethingcalledMiFIDII,whichisthesecondversionoftheMarketsinFinancial

InstrumentsDirec?ve.

Thisputsaloadofregula?onsinplaceincludingthatanyformofcommunica?onthatcouldleadtoa

tradeshouldberecordedandretainedfor5-7years.It’snotjustrecordingthefinaldecisiontomake

atradebutincludeseverythingintherun-upthatcouldhaveleadtoatrade,soforprac?calpurposes

thismeansrecordingpreUymucheverything.

hUps://www.fca.org.uk/markets/mifid-ii

27

Recordingmeanstelephonecalls,emails,instantmessagingoverchannelssuchasBloomberg,and

morerecentlythingslikeSkypeforBusiness.There’salotofchannelsthatneedtobecaptured.

28

Theproblemisthatmuchofthisinforma?onisinsilos,e.g.proprietaryvoicecallrecordingsoMware

andformats.

Muchoftheinforma?onisaudio.Alargefinancialins?tu?oncangenerate100,000callrecordings

eachday.

Theproblemisthatfinancialorganisa?onsnowneedtoextractalltheseaudiofilesandothertypesof

mediafromtheirvarioussystemsandstoretheminasuchawaythattheyhaveconfidencethat

nothinghasgonemissingandtheycanaccessandusethefileswhenevertheyneedto.There’salot

ofsystemstocapturecontentfromandalotoffileformatstodealwith.

Basicallyfinancialins?tu?onsneedtocreateandmanagetheirownAVarchives.Butintheircaseit’s

sotheycansa?sfyimmediatecompliancerequirements–there’saveryshortwindowof?mefor

makingsurecallrecordingsaresafelystored–youcanconsideritasarchivingatthepointatwhich

dataiscreated.Anydelaysresultsinincreasedriskofnon-complianceandabacklogofcontentto

handlethatcanbuildupveryquickly.

29

Guesswhat?Inthedigitalpreserva?oncommunityweknowhowtobuildbigAVarchivesandpreserveaudiovisualformats.

Weknowaboutcodecsandwrappersandhowtonormaliseandconvertfiles.

Weknowthebenefitsofusingasmallhandfulof‘pivot’formatsthatuseopenspecifica?onsandhowthissavesthepainof

havingtomanageaprolifera?onofproprietaryformatsthatcomefromlegacysystems.

WeknowthecostsavingsoftakinganautomatedfactoryapproachtolargeAVcollec?ons–it’s50%cheaper.

Allthiscanbeappliedtothehugevolumesofstuffthatbanksandotherfinancialins?tu?onsarenowgoingtohavetocollectandmanage.Itcanbeappliedinawaythathelpswiththeimmediateproblemofanorganisa?onknowingup-frontthatit’s

compliantanddoingsoinawaythatisfasterandcheaperthancurrentapproaches.

The‘powerofmany’comesintoplaybecausetherearealotofpeoplewhocareaboutcompliance,informa?ongovernanceand

li?ga?onreadinessinfinancialins?tu?ons–it’sbigmoneyandinvolveswholeteamsofpeople.

ButaswiththeothercasesI’veshown,thebenefitsalsoflowdownstreamtothoseresponsibleforthelong-termreten?onof

thatdata.Imagineyou’reanarchivistorrecordsmanagerinafinancialins?tu?onandhaveresponsibilityforlong-termreten?onandaccesstorecordingsandotherevidenceunderMiFID.Lifewouldbealoteasierifthoserecordingswerealreadya

minimalsetofopenformats.

hUp://dx.doi.org/10.7207/twr12-01

hUp://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/audio-preserva?onhUps://www.ffmpeg.org/

hUp://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.html

hUps://mediaarea.net/MediaConch/hUps://www.prestocentre.org/

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Inthistalk,I’vearguedthatdigitalpreserva?ontoolsandtechniquescanbeapplied‘upstream’intheworldwherecontentisfirstcreatedandhasthepoten?altobeusedtosolveawiderangeofcurrentandpressingproblems.

I’vegivenjustafewexamplesthatI’vecomeacrossandthereareforsuregoingtobemanymore.

Butinordertobesuccessful,I’vealsotriedtoshowthatthreethingsareneeded.

1.  Preserva?ontechniquesneedtobeappliedtoaproblemthatneedsanimmediatesolu?onandprovidesanimmediatebenefit.Thisisn’ttosaythatdigitalpreserva?onisn’talsoneededintheconven?onalsenseofhelpingtoensuredigital

contentisaccessibleandusableinthefuture,ratherthattherearesomeproblemsinthe‘hereandnow’thatareoMenalotmorepressingandmeanthere’sfarmorelikelytobeinterestfromanorganisa?onortheirsuppliers.

2.  Preserva?ontechniquesneedtohelpreducecosts–whichincludessaving?measwellasmoney.It’snotenoughtoshowthatthere’sabenefitifitcan’tbeachievedatalowercost.Thisissimplyaboutremovingtrade-offsandmakingthe

decision‘easy’–iftheapplica?onofdigitalpreserva?onresultsinanimmediateproblembeingsolvedandatalowercost

thenit’skindofano-brainer.

3.  Preserva?ontechniquesneedtobeintegratedandautomated-thisisactuallyjustanotheraspectofloweringthecosts.Thereneedstobenoextrabarriersinplace,nohurdlestojump,noextraprocessesandprocedurestofollow.People

needdigitalpreserva?ontoworkforthemautoma?callyinthebackground–almostasifitwasn’tthereatall.

Andifthesethingscanbeachievedthenthere’sagoodchanceofdigitalpreserva?ongevngitsfootinalotmoredoorsand

mostimportantlyinindustrieswheretherearealotofpeoplewhowouldbeineffectusingdigitalpreserva?ononadailybasis–eveniftheydidn’tknowitbythatname.

Theresultshouldalsobenefitallofus.Therewouldbemoreinvestmentintoandsustainabilityofsomeofthetoolsandtechniquesthatweallrelyupon.DigitalcontentwouldalsobeinalotbeUershapewhenitdoesmakeittoarchivists,records

managersandothersresponsibleforitslongtermpreserva?on.

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Andthatbringsmetotheendofthetalk.I’llfinishwithoneofmyfavouritequotes,wellactuallyan

Africanproverb“ifyouwanttogofastthengoalone,butifyouwanttogofarthengotogether”.This

iswhereIthinkweareinthedigitalpreserva?oncommunity–wehavetheopportunitytogetalot

morepeopleusingdigitalpreserva?ontechniquesandtoolsandthroughthe‘powerofmany’wehave

theopportunitytogoalotfurtherasaresult.

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