business economy

7/27/2019 Business Economy

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Definition of Non-Verbal Communication. Importance of Non-Verbal Communication.

Three Principles of Non-Verbal

Communication.


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Non Verbal Communication


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History The first scientific study of nonverbal

communication was Charles Darwin's bookThe Expression of the Emotions in Man and

Animals(1872). He argued that all mammalsshow emotion reliably in their faces. Studiesnow range across a number of fields,including , linguistics, semiotics and social

psychology.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semioticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semioticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semioticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin


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Arbitrariness While much nonverbal communication is based on

arbitrary symbols, which differ from culture to

culture, a large proportion is also to some extenticonic and may be universally understood. PaulEkman's influential 1960s studies of facialexpression determined that expressions of anger,

disgust, fear, joy, sadness and surprise areuniversal.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ekmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ekmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ekmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ekmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconic


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Clothing,Artefacts and BodilyCharacteristics

Uniforms have both a functional and acommunicative purpose. This man's clothes

identify him as male and a police officer; hisbadges and shoulder sleeve insignia giveinformation about his job and rank.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_patchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_patchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_patchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_patchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_patchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_patchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_patchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform


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Head Gears for ladies T-shirts

Sneakers

Perfumes Make-up

Sunglasses

Colors


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Elements such as physique, height, weight, hair,skin color, gender, odors, and clothing sendnonverbal messages during interaction. Forexample, research into height has generallyfound that taller people are perceived as beingmore impressive. Melamed & Bozionelos (1992)studied a sample of managers in the UK andfound that height was a key factor affecting whowas promoted. Often people try to make

themselves taller, for example, standing on aplatform, when they want to make more of animpact with their speaking.


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Physical Environment Environmental factors such as furniture,

architectural style, interior decorating,lighting conditions, colors, temperature,noise, and music affect the behavior ofcommunicators during interaction. Thefurniture itself can be seen as a nonverbalmessage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior_decoratinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior_decoratinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniture


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Proxemics is the study of how people use andperceive the physical space around them. Thespace between the sender and the receiver of amessage influences the way the message isinterpreted.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxemicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxemics


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The perception and use of space variessignificantly across cultures and differentsettings within cultures. Space in nonverbalcommunication may be divided into four

main categories: intimate, social, personal,and public space. The distance betweencommunicators will also depend on gender,status, and social role.


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Primary territory: this refers to an area that isassociated with someone who has exclusive useof it. For example, a house that others cannotenter without the owners permission.

Secondary territory: unlike the previous type,there is no right to occupancy, but people maystill feel some degree of ownership of aparticular space. For example, someone may sitin the same seat on train every day and feel

aggrieved if someone else sits there.


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Public territory: this refers to an area that isavailable to all, but only for a set period, such asa parking space or a seat in a library. Althoughpeople have only a limited claim over that space,they often exceed that claim. For example, it was

found that people take longer to leave a parkingspace when someone is waiting to take thatspace.

Interaction territory: this is space created byothers when they are interacting. For example,

when a group is talking to each other on afootpath, others will walk around the grouprather than disturb it.


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Chronemics is the study of the use of time innonverbal communication. The way we perceivetime, structure our time and react to time is apowerful communication tool, and helps set the

stage for communication. Time perceptions includepunctuality and willingness to wait, the speed ofspeech and how long people are willing to listen.The timing and frequency of an action as well asthe tempo and rhythm of communications within

an interaction contributes to the interpretation ofnonverbal messages. Gudykunst & Ting-Toomey(1988) identified 2 dominant time patterns:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronemicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronemics


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Monochronic Time Schedule (M-time): Time is seenas being very important and it is characterized by alinear pattern where the emphasis is on the use oftime schedules and appointments. Time is viewedas something that can be controlled or wasted by

individuals, and people tend to do one thing at atime. The M-pattern is typically found in NorthAmerica and Northern Europe.

Polychronic Time Schedule (P-time): Personalinvolvement is more important than scheduleswhere the emphasis lies on personal relationshipsrather than keeping appointments on time. This isthe usual pattern that is typically found in LatinAmerica and the Middle East.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychronicityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychronicityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America


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Kinesics is the study of body movements, facial

expressions, and gestures. It was developed byanthropologist Ray L. Birdwhistell in the

1950s.Kinesic behaviors include mutual gaze,smiling, facial warmth or pleasantness, childlikebehaviors, direct body orientation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_L._Birdwhistellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_L._Birdwhistellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_L._Birdwhistellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_L._Birdwhistellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesics


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Practice increases your self-confidence andpoise.

Improve your wordings so it flows naturallyand spontaneously.

Deal with distractions.

Relax ,control anxiety.

Know your topic well.

Check your gestures and posture.


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Dress Handshake

Smile

Food Festivals

Months ,Days

Bowing


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Slouching (rude) Hands in pocket (disrespectful in Turkey)

Showing soles of feet (disrespectful)

Sitting with legs crossed.


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Non verbal communication is no Magicperfectly quantified key to success,understanding it can enable us to increase orat least avoiding hindering effective

communication by helping us to sendappropriate signals and to be more sensitiveto what other people really mean.


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