business and business opportunities in housing and public utility
TRANSCRIPT
Pionkovskaya Svetlana
Housing and urban policies in Murmansk, Russia
Background of urban development
in Murmansk
Murmansk was founded in
October 04th, 1916. According to the
resolution No 531-01 dated
02.12.2004 Murmansk obtained a
status of urban district.
The total square of the municipal
formation is 15 488 hectares. This
includes partially the water area of
the Kola Bay equal to 1 360
hectares.
Murmansk was built-up in
regard to the orderly urban
development.
1916 – first Murmansk development
1920 – comprehensive development plan
of Murmansk for 30 thousand inhabitants
1931 – another Murmansk development
plan arranged by Leningrad (St-
Petersburg) Institute of City Design
1946 – comprehensive development plan
of Murmansk arranged by Leningrad
Institute of City Design
1963 – new comprehensive development
plan of Murmansk is arranged, adopted in
1966
1976-1977 – updated development plan
arranged by Leningrad Institute of City
Design
2009 – current comprehensive
development plan is adopted by the
resolution of the city parliament No 7-85
In pre-war period Murmansk
was characterized by the intense
development. There was built-up
heating power station, new floors
of the shipyard, canning factory,
etc. Regional food industry was
under active construction.
The housing stock also was
steadily developed. The first stone
houses appeared, such as multi-
flat residential buildings, Hotel
“Arctika”, Pedagogical and
Fishing Training Colleges,
regional hospital, etc.
Murmansk was dramatically destroyed during the Great Patriotic War. About 50 %
of the housing stock was ruined. No one industrial building remained entire.
Murmansk recovered quickly after the war. The necessity to restore residential sector as
soon as possible caused the construction of a large amount of two-story log houses. The
residential stock was totally restored within 7 after-war years. The city population also
swelled three times that period. The northern part of the city was gradually covered with 4-
5-storey stone houses and the city center - with 2-3-storey houses. It became popular to use
the same construction designs.
Within the 1st after-war decade there were put into service 250 thousand m² residential floor space
and 26 secondary schools, 21 kindergartens, 8 infant schools, 5 cinemas and recreation centers.
In 1952 the residential stock cubic capacity was the same as in the pre-war period and it became three
times more in a decade.
In 1952-1962 the settlements Kooperativniy, Ozerki, Ledovoe, Bredova were built up. Today they
are a part of the municipal formation.
In 1962 a building-construction plant came into operation. This meant a transfer from brick- to
standard panel houses. As a consequence, since 1962 Murmansk faced a large-scale residential
construction and developed significantly during 1970s.
Secondary school No 11, Pervomayaskiy district, Murmansk
By 1970s the residential stock cubic capacity in Murmansk was equal to 1.8
mln. m². One might notice already a unique face of the capital of Russian West-
North. The southern part of the city had nothing in common with the northern one.
Faced the Kola Bay the city skyline was quite remarkable. The old wooden houses in
the center were removed by new contemporary buildings.
Types of housing stock in Murmansk
Wooden houses - built in 1920s and 1930s and after-war period. At
present 384 wooden houses are considered dilapidated and that being in a
critical condition. Not available for restoration. Subject to demolition.
“Stalin” buildings –5-7-storey buildings dated to 1930s – 1950s.
Developer is Leningrad Institute ProektRibKhoz. Simultaneously first
large panel houses appeared on Schmidta, Volodarskogo and Vorovskogo
streets.
Type 447 – brick/panel 5-storey houses “khruschevka” built-up in 1963-
1978. Since 1962 type 447 was the most important for large-scale
residential construction. Chumbarova-Luchinskogo and Aleksandrova
streets can demonstrate the case.
Type 447C and 464A – brick/panel 5-storey houses “brezhnevka” built-up
in 1960s – 1970s.
Type 464 – large panel 9-storey houses built-up in 1960s – 1980s.
Type 464D - large panel 9-storey houses built-up in 1965 – 1988. Specially
for this type Murmansk Institute “Murmanskgrazhdanprojekt” developed
link-buildings in collaboration with building-construction plant. Mostly
these were one-perroned corner houses with shops, laundry, etc. on the 1st
floor. Type 464D was built-up till 1988.
Type 93M - large panel 9-10 -storey houses built-up in 1985 – 1990s.
Developer - Murmansk Institute “Murmanskgrazhdanprojekt” under the
leadership of Vadim Shvets. The 1st house was built-up on Starostina
street.
Type 78 - large panel 9-storey houses built-up in 1970s.
In 1991 building-construction plant was closed down on the reason of
no orders for large-scale development projects. The latter was caused
by deteriorating economic and political situation in Russia.
Housing and urban policies in Murmansk
Presently the city housing policies are focused mainly upon the construction of
new houses and reconstruction and overhaul of the residential sector which doesn’t meet
the modern standards.
Характеристика Единица измерений В целом
по городу
1 2 3
Общая площадь жилых помещений, всего тыс. м2 7010,5
в том числе в муниципальной собственности общей площади 316,1
Число жилых квартир в многоквартирных домах,
всего квартир 140444
Общая площадь жилых помещений, приходящаяся
в среднем на 1 жителя м2 23,2
Уровень обеспеченности жилищного фонда
водопроводом % от общей площади 99,3
канализацией % от общей площади 99,3
газом % от общей площади 51
теплоснабжением % от общей площади 99,8
горячим водоснабжением % от общей площади 97
Общая площадь ветхого и аварийного жилищного
фонда тыс. м2 173,8
Description of the housing stock in Murmansk
January 1st, 2013
The core part of the residential sector, approx. 90%, consists of 5-,9-,12-storey houses. In
addition there are few low-storey buildings. Most of them refer to dilapidated housing stock and
that being in a critical condition.
Development of the building sector is a real opportunity to speed up the process of
providing modern cost-effective accommodation to dwellers in Russia. This requires
realization of the adopted documentation on urban development and preparation of new
plots of land. The latter issue includes the necessity to arrange utility networks and
infrastructure.
Solutions to the problem of increasing comfort housing
in Murmansk
In 2012 a block of 162 flats on
Askoldovtsev street was put into
operation. It is an example of
reconstructed hospital under-built in
1989.
Reconstruction of the hospital building for a residential block of flats
Building characteristics:
External walls - 1-4 floors made from
red loam brick 510, 770 mm thick; 5-7
floors – from gas concrete blocks
“Aeroc” EcoTerm, average density 375
mm thick.
External walls - heat insulation and
covering - Isover Vent Façade, covered
with windproof ventilated steel façade
plates
Framings - gas concrete blocks
“Aeroc” EcoTerm, plasterboard blocks
“TigiKnauf”
Windows - double-pane glass
External doors – metal, heat-insulated
The building is given the energy
efficiency class “D”.
In November 2012 the building was put into operation.
Within the support programme for
dwellers of unfit buildings a construction
of a building complex has started.
Relocation dwellers from unfit housing stock
Construction of new houses on the corner of Generalova and Sovetskaya
streets
The building complex includes 3 three-storey buildings with 72 flats and a
developed cartilage. The latter is made from gas concrete blocks “Aeroc”
EcoTerm, average density 300 mm thick; insulated with Isover Vent Façade and
covered with windproof ventilated steel façade plates and .
All flats are supplied with complete set of utilities: heating, air-conditioning,
lighting, water supply services, drainage services, electrical supply, etc.
The building is
given the energy
efficiency class
“D”.
In November 2013 the buildings are put into service.
Construction of new houses
on the corner of Generalova
and Sovetskaya streets is a
start of large-scale urban
development which are
focused upon relocation of
dwellers from unfit housing
stock.
Next step is construction of similar
buildings in city block 146
(Generalova, Sovetskaya, Frunze,
Gorkogo streets) as well as
development of the micro-district
alongside Geroev-Severomortsev
street.
On Polyarnie Zori str. a
construction of three - storey
house on the place of
removed dilapidated house
has started.
The block of flats is planned to be made of metal plates with cement-sand (type
300-400) covered by mineral-wool slabs, plaster and paint.
Construction of a new house on Polyarnie Zori street
Reconstruction of the existing public and
housing stock
The Hotel “Arctika” was built-up in 1972-
1982. In 2012 a large-scale reconstruction
started including internal space and external
walls.
Within the reconstruction the
existing facade will be
insulated with mineral-wool
slabs 160 mm thick, then
plastered and painted.
The house was built in 1972 on the basis of the housing project 1-464А-15.
According to the 2009 project the following works were made:
1. A new ventilated façade with heat insulation function was installed.
2. The roof was repaired. It was not dissembled to avoid leakage into the flats of
the top floor. The reconstructed roof is made of wooden rafters insulated
with mineral wool and covered with sheeting profile. The roof is 6% inclined.
Reconstruction of the house on Zavodskaya street, 1
Development work: 2009
Construction: 2009
Low-rise individual building in Murmansk
Privately-owned houses
on Yuzhnaya street
Privately-owned houses
in Drovyanoe settlement
Mid-rise (2-4 floors) buildings in Murmansk
Four-storey residential house on Sosnovoya street,
micro-district “Ozerniy”
Development and
construction – 2009/2010
Presently the following purpose-oriented programmes are
functioning on the regional level:
Relocation of dwellers from unfit housing facilities in the
Murmansk region during 2013-2017;
Support of the housing construction in the Murmansk region
during 2011-2015;
Major and minor repairs of real property in the Murmansk region;
Energy efficiency initiative and energy effective production in the
Murmansk region during 2010-2015 and in the long-term until
2020.
Municipal administration programmes:
Town-planning politics for 2014 and 2015-2016
Administration of assets and housing policies for 2014
and 2015-2017
Housing and utilities sector for 2014 and 2015-206
Measures addressed to solve the abovementioned
tasks:
Building new housing stock which will replace the carried-
out unfit housing facilities and meet Federal Act on energy
efficiency requirements;
Use of project decisions focused to increase energy
efficiency class of block of flats;
Use advanced technologies and materials to increase energy
efficiency during development/design and construction of
buildings;
Step-by-step realization of complex development programme
to modernize public utility infrastructure systems in
Murmansk.
OUR SUGGESTIONS FOR COOPERATION in the
field of low-rise housing development :
infrastructure and landscape design;
development of pre-engineered and energy-efficient
housing projects with target price;
business cooperation in construction and organization
of house-building industry in the Murmansk region.
