bushong review

Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 8th Edition

Chapter 25: Interventional Radiology & Ch 27 Digital Fluoroscopy

Chapter 25: Interventional Radiology

MULTIPLE CHOICE1. Developed in 1953, the 18 gauge hollow ________ needle with a stylet is used to puncture the femoral artery.a. Judkinsb. Seldingerc. Dotterd. Jones

ANS: BDeveloped in 1953, the 18 gauge hollow Seldinger needle with a stylet is used to puncture the femoral artery.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.2. The most common risk for the angiography patient isa. bleeding at the puncture site.b. arterial puncture or tear.c. drug reaction to contrast.d. blood-clot formation.

ANS: AThe most common risk for the angiography patient is bleeding at the puncture site.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Identify the risks of arteriography.3. During an interventional procedure ____________________ must be maintained on the patient.a. pulse oximetryb. blood pressure measurementc. electrocardiographyd. All of the above.

ANS: DDuring an interventional procedure pulse oximetry, blood pressure measurement, and electrocardiography must be maintained on the patient.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Identify the risks of arteriography.4. The x-ray tube used for interventional radiologic procedures has a a. small diameter anode.b. small target angle.c. large focal spot.d. low power rating.

ANS: BThe x-ray tube used for interventional radiologic procedures has a small target angle.

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DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.5. Serial radiography requires x-ray equipment with a a. large small target angle.b. small anode disk.c. low heat capacity.d. high power rating.

ANS: DSerial radiography requires x-ray equipment with a high power rating.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.6. The focal spot used for magnification of small vessels cannot be larger than ____ mm.a. 0.3 b. 0.4c. 0.7d. 1.0

ANS: AThe focal spot used for magnification of small vessels cannot be larger than 0.3 mm.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.7. The size and construction of the _________ determines the anode heat capacity.a. tube housingb. cathode wirec. bearing assemblyd. anode disk

ANS: DThe size and construction of the anode disk determines the anode heat capacity.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Discuss the advantages that nonionic (water soluble) contrast media offer over ionic contrast media.8. The power rating for an interventional radiography tube should be at least ___ kW.a. 20 b. 40c. 80 d. 100

ANS: CThe power rating for an interventional radiography tube should be at least 80 kW.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.9. When one is imaging a flow of contrast from the abdomen to the feet, a _____________ is used.a. tilting tableb. stepping tablec. sliding tubed. cine camera

ANS: BWhen one is imaging a flow of contrast from abdomen to feet, a stepping table is used.


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DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.10. The patient table is moved with a floor switch to maintain a _________________.a. better motion control b. smooth movementc. low exposure rated. sterile field

ANS: DThe patient table is moved with a floor switch to maintain a sterile field.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.11. During cinefluorographic imaging, the x-ray tube is energized a. during the time of cine exposure.b. during the time between frames.c. during every other framed. Both a and b.

ANS: ADuring cinefluorographic imaging, the x-ray tube is energized during the time of cine exposure.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.12. Cine cameras are driven by ____________ motors.a. inductionb. synchronousc. unsynchronizedd. direct current

ANS: BCine cameras are driven by synchronous motors.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.13. As the frame rate of the cine camera is increased, the _____________ is also increased.a. image blurb. spatial resolutionc. contrast resolutiond. patient dose

ANS: DAs the frame rate of the cine camera is increased, the patient dose is also increased.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Describe measures are used to provide radiation protection for patients and personnel during interventional procedures.14. The _________ artery is the one most often accessed for arteriograms.a. pulmonaryb. carotidc. femorald. brachial

ANS: C


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The femoral artery is the one most often accessed for arteriograms.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Describe the reasons why minimally invasive (percutaneous) vascular procedures are more of a benefit than traditional surgical procedures.15. A patient must have ________________________ before having an angiography or interventional procedure.a. a history and physical examinationb. orders for IV hydrationc. a diet of clear liquidsd. All of the above.

ANS: DA patient must have a history and physical examination, orders for IV hydration, and a diet of clear liquids before having an angiography or interventional procedure.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Identify the risks of arteriography.16. The use of ______________ reduces the risk of a drug reaction during angiographic procedures.a. hydrophilic cathetersb. ionic contrastc. nonionic contrastd. heparin coating

ANS: CThe use of nonionic contrast reduces the risk of a drug reaction during interventional and angiographic procedures.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Identify the risks of arteriography.17. The highest cine frame rates are required for __________ studies.a. cardiacb. pulmonaryc. run-offd. cerebral

ANS: AThe highest cine frame rates are required for cardiac studies.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.18. The highest cine frame rate possible is ____ frames per second.a. 100b. 60c. 30d. 15

ANS: BThe highest cine frame rate possible is 60 frames per second.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.19. ___________ is an example of an interventional procedure.a. Cardiac catheterizationb. Myelography


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c. Angioplasty d. Angiography

ANS: CAngioplasty is an example of an interventional procedure.DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.20. A technologist who passes the ARRT exam in cardiovascular and interventional radiography may add ______ after the RT (R).a. (VT)b. (CI)c. (IR)d. (CV)

ANS: DA technologist who passes the ARRT exam in cardiovascular and interventional radiography may add (CV) after the RT (R).DIF: ModerateOBJ: Describe the role of the cardiovascular and interventional technologist.

Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 8th Edition

Chapter 28: Digital Fluoroscopy

MULTIPLE CHOICE1. Digital fluoroscopy uses ______ monitor(s).a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4

ANS: BDigital fluoroscopy uses 2 monitors.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.2. The time it takes to turn on the digital fluoroscopy x-ray tube and reach the selected mA and kVp is the ___________ time.a. interrogationb. extinctionc. radiographicd. acquisition

ANS: AThe time it takes to turn on the digital fluoroscopy x-ray tube and reach the selected mA and kVp is the interrogation time.DIF: Moderate


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OBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.3. A charge coupled device used in digital fluoroscopy provides higha. spatial resolution.b. signal-to-noise ratio.c. detective quantum efficiency.d. All of the above.

ANS: DA charge coupled device used in digital fluoroscopy provides high spatial resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, and high detective quantum efficiency.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.4. A digital fluoroscopy with a charge coupled device has lower _________ and higher _________ than conventional fluoroscopy.a. light sensitivity, patient doseb. patient dose, light sensitivityc. detective quantum efficiency, maintenanced. signal-to-noise ratio, patient dose

ANS: BA digital fluoroscopy with a charge coupled device has lower patient dose and higher light sensitivity than conventional fluoroscopy.DIF: DifficultOBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.5. A principal advantage of digital fluoroscopy is thea. dynamic range.b. image acquisition rate.c. image subtraction.d. progressive mode.

ANS: CA principal advantage of digital fluoroscopy is the image subtraction technique.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.6. Digital fluoroscopy energy subtraction has less ________ than temporal subtraction.a. complexityb. x-ray intensityc. kVp switchingd. motion artifact

ANS: DDigital fluoroscopy energy subtraction has less motion artifact than temporal subtraction.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.7. Image integration results in a. increased patient dose.b. decreased patient dose.


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c. decreased contrast resolution.d. increased noise artifact.

ANS: AImage integration results in increased patient dose.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.8. Energy subtraction technique takes advantage of the difference in _______ during contrast injection.a. tissue densityb. K-edge absorptionc. Compton scatterd. patient thickness

ANS: BEnergy subtraction technique takes advantage of the difference in K-edge absorption during contrast injection.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.9. Digital fluoroscopy systems with hybrid capabilities use botha. interlace and progressive modes.b. high mAs and low mass techniques.c. temporal and energy subtraction.d. charge coupled devices and TV monitors.

ANS: CDigital fluoroscopy systems with hybrid capabilities use both temporal and energy subtraction.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.10. Remasking may be required due toa. noise artifacts.b. motion artifacts.c. technical factors.d. Any of the above.

ANS: DRemasking may be required due to noise, motion, or technical factors.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.11. The display for PACS must have a minimum of _________ screen resolution.a. 2048 × 2048b. 925 × 925c. 1024 × 1024d. 256 × 256

ANS: AThe display for PACS must have a minimum of 2048 × 2048 screen resolution.


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DIF: ModerateOBJ: Explain the picture archiving and teleradiology systems used in diagnostic imaging departments.12. When using the PACS system, ____________ is useful for viewing fractures and small, high contrast objects.a. windowingb. edge enhancementc. subtractiond. highlighting

ANS: BWhen using the PACS system, edge enhancement is useful for viewing fractures and small, high contrast objects.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Explain the picture archiving and teleradiology systems used in diagnostic imaging departments.13. When identifying diffuse nonfocal disease, ________ is effective on the PACS monitor.a. windowingb. edge enhancementc. highlighting d. scrolling

ANS: CWhen identifying diffuse nonfocal disease, highlighting is effective on the PACS monitor.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Explain the picture archiving and teleradiology systems used in diagnostic imaging departments.14. In a PACS network, each of the workstations and hospital mainframes is called a ________.a. workstationb. databasec. DICOMd. client

ANS: DIn a PACS network, each of the workstations and hospital mainframes is called a client.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Explain the picture archiving and teleradiology systems used in diagnostic imaging departments.15. Teleradiology refers to _________ of images.a. long-term storageb. realtime viewingc. remote transmissiond. telephone transmission

ANS: C


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Teleradiology refers to remote transmission of images.DIF: ModerateOBJ: Explain the picture archiving and teleradiology systems used in diagnostic imaging departments.


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