Chapter Title

Buses, Networks, and InterfacingChapter 14Thomas L. Floyd Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved1Ch.14 SummaryThe BusBus: A set of connections that allows two or more devices to communicate with each other.The term bus is used to refer to both the physical wires and connectors, and to their electrical specifications.Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryBus PropertiesA bus has both physical and electrical properties (see below).

In order to communicate, each device connected to the bus must be compatible with its physical properties and the electrical properties (specifications).

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe System BusThe system bus is the internal computer bus that connects the major components of the system (CPU, memories, and I/O).The system bus is also called the frontside bus.Computer systems contain additional internal buses.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryAn Internal Computer BusPCI: Peripheral Component Interface; a bus that allows communication with devices such as the hard disk and the devices inserted in expansion slots on the motherboard. ISA: Industry Standard Architecture bus; it allows the CPU to communicate with slower devices attached to the motherboard.The system bus, PCI bus and ISA bus form the local bus.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryAn Internal Computer Bus (Contd)Bus Bridge: A device that interfaces a faster bus with a slower one.Backside Bus: A bus that connects the CPU directly to the cache to provide faster access to the RAM.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryParallel and Series BusesBuses can be configured for serial or parallel data transmission.Parallel data transmission may or may not be faster than serial data transmission, depending on several factors.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryExternal BusesAn external bus connects a computer system to external devices and/or other computer systems.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryBus ParametersWidth: The number of bits that a bus can transmit at one time

Frequency: The clock frequency at which the bus can operate

Transfer speed: The number of bytes per clock cycle

Bandwidth: The number of bytes per clock cycle times the number of clock cycle per second; i.e., the product of transfer speed and frequencyDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryTypical Bus Characteristics

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryHandshakingHandshaking: A routine by which two devices initiate and complete a bus transfer.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummarySynchronous & Asynchronous BusesSynchronous bus Includes a clock in the control lines Has a fixed protocol that is relative to the clock Fast, but all devices connected to the bus must operate at the same frequency The physical length of the bus may be limited by the high frequency clock signalAsynchronous bus Is not clocked Can serve devices with different clock rates Uses a handshake protocol to establish communicationsDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummarySingle-Ended OperationSingle-ended operation is characterized by two wires; a single data wire and a ground wire.Single-ended operation is usually limited in both data transmission rate and line length.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryDifferential OperationDifferential operation is characterized by three wires; two data wires and a ground wire.One data wire carries the data signal, while the second carries an inverted data signal. The difference between the two is called the differential signal. The third wire is the ground wire.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryHandshaking Sequence

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 Summary Tristate Buffer Interface

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 Summary Multiplexed I/O Operation

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe Processor BusThe Processor Bus Also known as the frontside bus Located on the motherboardTransfers information to and from the main memory or cache memory, and bridges the CPU to other busesThe northbridge serves as an interface to the AGP and RAMThe southbridge handles all I/O functions such as audio, BIOS, USB devices, IDE and ISA

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe PCI BusThe PCI BusAn internal bus for interconnecting chips, expansion boards, and processor/memory subsystems Located on the motherboardThe original PCI bus standard was 32 bits/33 MHz. A newer version has 64 bits/66 MHz. PCI connectors are usually white and wired to the motherboard

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryA Typical Computer Motherboard

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe PCI-Express BusThe PCI-express bus is often labeled PCIe or PCI-E.Unlike PCI and PCI-X, PCI-E does not use a shared bus.Each device has a dedicated connection to a circuit called a switch.The switch circuit speeds up the data transfers between the various devices on the bus.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe PCI-Express LanesLane: An individual path between the switch and a PCI-E deviceA card slot can have 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 lanes.More lanes translates into faster data transferEach lane has 2 pairs of conductors. One pair receives data and the other sends data. Data is transmitted in a serial format.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe IEEE-488 Bus

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe IEEE-488 Bus Pin Connections

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe SCSI BusSCSI: Small Computer System InterfaceThe SCSI is a parallel I/O bus that is used primarily for data transfer betweena computer peripheral devicesSCSI symbol

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummarySCSI Control SignalsAn SCSI bus has nine control lines, and data, dc voltage, and ground linesThe SCSI control signals are shown here.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryUniversal Serial Bus (USB)USB: A widely used standard serial bus for connecting peripherals to a computer Computers typically have two or more USB ports; USB hubs can increase the number of ports to 127.The USB symbol, speed comparison chart, maximum data rates and cable lengths are shown.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryUSB Cable and Connectors

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryUSB Packets

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryUSB 3.0 Connectors and Symbol

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryTypical USB Connections

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe RS-232/422/423/485 BusesRS-232: Once standard for computer-to-peripheral connections, it provides for single-ended data transmission in either synchronous or asynchronous formats.The 25-pin and 9-pin RS-232 connectors are shown.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryRS-232/422/423/485 Bus Specifications

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe SPI BusSPI: Serial-to-Peripheral Interface A synchronous serial communications bus that uses four wires for communication between a master device and a slave device. These wires are identified as follows:MOSI (master out, slave in): from the master to the slave; may be labeled SDO (serial data out)MISO (master in, slave out): from the slave to the master; may be labeled SDI (serial data in)SCLK (serial clock): generated by the master to synchronize data transfersSS (slave select): generated by the master to select an individual slave

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummarySPI Bus Connections

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe I2C BusI2C: Inter-Integrated Circuit; pronounced I squared C Also referred to as I2C (pronounced I two C), it is an internal serial bus that is used primarily for interconnecting ICs on a pc board Based on the master/slave design; the master drives the clock and initiates all data transfers

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe CAN BusCAN: Controller Area Network This differential serial bus was developed for automotive applications and use in aerospace systems Vehicles sold in the U. S. are required by the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) to use the CAN protocol Data is transmitted in NRZ format. The CAN data frame is shown below.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryA System: Automobile Control System

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryThe Firewire BusFirewire: Also known as IEEE-1394 and iLink An external serial bus developed by Apple, Inc. that is used in high-speedcommunications and real-time data transfer in audio and video, camcorders, DVD players, hard drives, and in some auto and aircraft applications. Three types of connectors (4-pin, 6-pin, and 9-pin) are used.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights ReservedCh.14 SummaryNetworksNetwork: A set of computers and associated devices that are interconnected in a specified way in order to communicate to share information and resourcesExamplesTwo or more computers connected together so they can communicateA printer connected to several computers so that it acts as a common (network) printerDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved40Ch.14 SummaryNetwork TopologyNetwork topology: The layout pattern of interconnections and the protocol used to allow various devices to communicate with each otherPhysical topology: The way in which devices are connected to the network with actual cables (i.e., physical connections)Logical topology: The way in which data is moved through the network.ExampleEthernet; has both physical and logical characteristics and is used in local area networks (LANs)

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved41Ch.14 SummaryBus Network TopologyBus Network Topology: a topology in which all devices are connected to a single common bus. When a data packet is transmitted, all the other devices have access to the data packetIf two (or more) devices try to transmit information at the same time, a collision occurs; the devices then arbitrate to see which will resend its dataA bus failure will bring down the entire network

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved42Ch.14 SummaryStar Network TopologyStar Network Topology: also known as hub and spoke, it is used in many home and small business networks Each device is connected through an individual cable to a central point called a hub. The hub connects a signal from any device to the other devices on the network.If a cable fails, the system still operates. If the hub fails, the entire system fails.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved43Ch.14 SummaryRing Network TopologyRing Network Topology: The devices are daisy-chained, with each being able to communicate with only its two adjacent devices. Data frames include a series of bits called a token. When a device receives a data frame, it extracts any date sent to it, attaches any data it needs to send, and transmits the data frame it to the next device. The daisy-chain operation continues until the data frame returns to its original source device.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved44Ch.14 SummaryTree Network TopologyBus Network Topology: A hybrid network that combines the bus topology and the star topology The bus network topology allows for expansion to meet the needs of the system

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved45Ch.14 SummaryMesh Network TopologyMesh Network Topology: A network where each device is physically connected to all the othersData can take more than one possible route from one device to anotherUsed in some WANs (Wide Area Networks) such as the Internet.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved46Ch.14 SummaryNetwork Protocol TechnologiesNetwork Protocol Technology: A set of structures, rules, and conventions that control how computers and other network devices communicate with each other to exchange informationAll devices in a network must conform to the physical and logical topologies of that network.Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved47Ch.14 SummaryOpen Systems Interconnection (OSI)Open Systems Interconnection (OSI): A 7-layer model in which all protocol operations and specifications for communicating on a network are broken down into seven parts (layers).Physical: Defines the actual network hardware and physical characteristicsData: Assigned to the data and data packet sequencingNetwork: Determines logical protocol, addressing, and routing4. Transport: Provides data flow control, error checking, and data recoverySession: Opens, maintains, and closes communications between devicesPresentation: Converts data into a form that is usable by all the other layersApplication: Interacts with the application or operating system when files are transferred, messages are read, or any other activity is requiredDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved48Ch.14 SummaryThe EthernetEthernet: A widely used LAN technology or protocol that uses a process called carrier sense multiple access/collision detection (CSMA/CD); the IEEE 802.3 standard Typically employed in networks with bus, star, or tree topologies Can transfer data at rates up to 10 Mbits/s Three basic elements: the physical medium, a set of medium access control rules, and a data frame The data frame ranges from 64 to 1518 byes; the data is from 46 to 1500 bytes, and the remaining 24 bytes make up the CRC and other fields.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved49Ch.14 SummaryCSMA/DCCSMA/CD: The process used by Ethernet to access the networkCS: Carrier sense; a device wants to send data much check to see if it has a medium (cable) over which to transmit.MA: Multiple access; provides for any device to use the network as long as no other device is transmittingCD: Collision detection; provides for discarding data corrupted by a collision that occurs when two devices attempt to transmit at the same timeDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved50Ch.14 SummaryEthernet Star TopologyEthernet Star Topology: Reduces the risk of collision and helps avoid other system failures The switch routes data from the source to the intended device. None of the other devices receive the data. A collision occurs only if two or more data sources try to send data to the same receiving device at the same time.

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved51Ch.14 SummaryEthernet Cable and Connector

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved52Ch.14 SummaryTCP/IPTCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol; the communication protocols for the Internet: TCP provides for communication between applicationsIP handles communication between computers and is responsible for sending data packets to the right destination. Each computer on the Internet has a unique IP address Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved53Ch.14 SummaryTCP/IP LayersTCP/IP has four layers (based on the OSI model): application, transport, internet, and network interface

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved54Ch.14 SummaryClient/ServerClient/Server: An application architecture that handles tasks between service providers (called servers) and service requesters (called clients)Router: Routes data to the proper destination based on the IP addressGateway: a network point that provides access to another network; an interface between two different networks

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved55 Ch.14 SummaryKey TermsClient/ServerPCIISALocal busParallel busA networking application architecture that handles tasks between service providers (servers) and service requesters (clients)Peripheral component interface; An internal synchronous bus for interconnecting chips, expansion boards, and processor/memory subsystemsIndustry standard architecture bus; also known as the AT busThe internal bus of a computer system which includes the system bus and the PIC bus, among othersA bus consisting of multiple conductors that carries several data buts simultaneously, one on each conductorDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved56 Ch.14 SummaryKey TermsBus widthBus frequencyBus transfer speedBus bandwidthBus protocolHandshakeThe number of bits that a bus can transmit at one timeThe clock frequency at which the bus can operateThe number of bytes per clock cycleThe number of bytes per clock cycle times the number of clock cycles per secondA set of rules that allows two or more devices to communicate through a busA routine by which two devices initiate and complete a bus transferSerial busA bus that carries data buts sequentially, one at a time, on a single conductorDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved57 Ch.14 SummaryKey TermsPCI-ExpressSCSIUSBEIA-232SPIAlso designated PCIe or PCI-E; it differs from the PCI and PCI-X buses in that it does not use a shared busSmall computer system interface bus; a parallel I/O busUniversal serial bus; a widely used standard serial bus for connecting peripherals to a computerA bus standard known as RS-232 and used in industrial and telecommunications applications as well as scientific instrumentation, but largely replaced by USB in computer applicationsSerial-to-peripheral interface bus; a synchronous serial bus that uses four wires for communication between a master device and a slave deviceDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved58 Ch.14 SummaryKey TermsCANFirewireNetworkNetwork topologyI2CAn internet serial bus used primarily for connecting ICs on a pc board.Controller area network; a bus standard used in automotive and other applicationsA high-speed external serial bus standard developed by Apple, inc. and used in high-speed communications and real-time data transferA set of computers and associated devices that are interconnected in a specified way in order to communication and share information and resourcesThe physical and logical arrangement of devices in a networkDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved59 Ch.14 SummaryKey TermsLANEthernetTCP/IPIP AddressOSIOpen systems interconnection; a model in which all protocol operations and communication specifications are broken down into seven (7) parts called layers.Local area networkA widely used standard LAN technology or protocol. Also known as IEEE-802.3Transmission control protocol/internet protocol; the communication protocols for the InternetInternet protocol address; an address assigned to each device in a network that uses the internet protocol and serves to identify the network and the location of the device within the networkDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved60Ch.14 SummaryQuizThe physical properties of a typical bus includes:

The number of wires or pc board conductorsThe configuration and length of the wires or conductorsThe types and configurations of the connectorsAll of the aboveDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved61Ch.14 SummaryQuizThe frontside bus of a computer connects

The CPU to the memory and I/OThe frontside of the CPU to a modemThe CPU directly to another computer on the networkAll of the aboveDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved62Ch.14 SummaryQuizThe system bus connects to various PCI devices via the

Backside busBus bridge and PCI busISA bridgeAPG chipset and frontside busDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved63Ch.14 SummaryQuizThe number of bytes per clock cycle that can be transferred by a bus is called

Bus widthBus bandwidthBus transfer speedBus frequencyDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved64Ch.14 SummaryQuizA set of rules that allows two or more devices to communicate through a bus is called a

Standard ProtocolConfigurationNone of the aboveDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved65Ch.14 SummaryQuizBuses are classified as being

Serial or parallel Internal or externalSynchronous or asynchronousAll of the aboveDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved66Ch.14 SummaryQuizCompared to single-ended buses, differential buses provide

Higher bandwidthHigher data transfer ratesHigher frequencyAll of the aboveDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved67Ch.14 SummaryQuizThe connector shown here is a/an ____________ connector.

IEEE-488SCSIUSBRS-232

Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved68Ch.14 SummaryQuizMost external devices now use _________ bus connectors

IEEE-488SCSIUSBRS-232Digital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved69Ch.14 SummaryQuizThe types of network topologies are __________.

Serial and parallelSynchronous and asynchronousPhysical and logicalTCP and IPDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved701. d2. a3. b4. c5. b6. d7. b8. a 9. c10. c

Ch.14 SummaryAnswersDigital Fundamentals: A Systems ApproachThomas L. Floyd 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved71