buoyancy, density, and water. properties of fluids overview: archimedes’ principle pascal’s...
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Buoyancy, Density, and
Water
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Properties of Fluids
Overview:
Archimedes’ Principle Pascal’s Principle Bernoulli’s PrincipleBoyle’s Law
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Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume (usually measured in grams per milliliters, g/ml).
Buoyancy is the upward force that a fluid exerts on an object less dense than itself.
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Q: How do ships float?
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A: A greater force is pushing up on the ship than the weight
force pushing down.
This supportive force is called buoyant force.
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If the buoyant force is equal to the object’s weight, it will float.
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If the buoyant force is less than the object’s weight, it will sink.
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Bouyant force was explained by Archimedes and it became known as Archimedes’ Principle.
Archimedes was a Greek mathematician who lived around the 3rd century
B.C.
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Archimedes’ Principle states that
an objects weight will cause the object to sink while at the
same time displacing the fluid.
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If the weight of the water displaced
becomes equal to weight of the object,
it floats.
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If the weight of the water displaced becomes less than the weight of the
object, it sinks.
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Q: Why is this principle
important?
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A: Properties of fluids ultimately determine the design of ships, airplanes, cars, and hydraulic machines.
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Water exerts pressure in all direction.
Consider swimming in a pool. The deeper you go the more pressure you feel.
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Pressure is a force exerted on an object per unit area.
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As you know pressure is not exclusive to
liquids. The earth’s atmosphere exerts pressure all around
you.
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Pascal’s Principle
Pascal was a French scientists who lived in
the 1600’s. He discovered a property of fluids now known as
Pascal’s Principle.
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According to Pascal’s Principle pressure applied to a fluid is
transmitted throughout the fluid.
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For example when you squeeze a tube of
toothpaste at one end, what happens?
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Why?
Pressure is transmitted throughout the fluid
toothpaste.
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Calculating Forces Using Pascal’s Principle
Pressure = Force/Area = F/A
In a system, P1 = P2::
F1 = F2
A1 A2
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Pressure System
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As the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases.
Bernoulli’s Principle
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Bernoulli’s Principle
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Boyle’s Law
As a gas is squeezed into a smaller space, its particles will strike the walls more often, increasing its pressure.
The opposite is also true.
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Calculating Pressure Using Boyle’s Law
P1 V1 = P2 V2