Bullying and Self-injuryWhat have we found so far?

Emma Brown and the Youth Wellbeing Study

How common is bullying?

Haven't been bullied Not in last 2 months Once or twice About once a week Several times a week Most days0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Percentage of people who have experienced bullying in school in the last 12 months

Bullying frequency

Perc

enta

ge

Occasional Victim (27%)

Frequent Victim (12%)

Nonvictim (61%)

How common is bullying?

Haven't been bullied Not in last 2 months Once or twice About once a week Several times a week Most days0

10

20

30

40

50

Sex differences in experiences of bullying in school in the last 12 months

MaleFemale

Bullying frequency

Perc

enta

ge

What types of bullying?

Physical Relational Verbal Cyber0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Percentage of people who have experienced different forms of bullying behaviour at school in the last 12 months

Forms of bullying

Perc

enta

ge

What types of bullying?

Physical Relational Verbal Cyber 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Sex differences in experiences of different forms of bullying at school in the last 12 months

MaleFemale

Forms of bullying

Perc

enta

ge

How bad is the bullying?

Not bad A little bad Pretty bad Really bad Terrible0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Severity of bullying experiences at school in the last 12 months

Severity

Perc

enta

ge

Why were they bullied?

Ethnic group or culture

Religion Size or body shape

Because I'm gay/people

thought I was gay

Smaller than others

Work hard in school

Another reason Don't know-5

5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

Perceived reasons for being bullied

Reasons

Perc

enta

ge

Why were they bullied?

Religion Because I'm gay/people

thought I was gay

Smaller than others

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Sex differences in perceived reasons for bullyingMaleFemale

Perceived reasons

Perc

enta

ge

Bullying groups and wellbeing outcomes

SERIOUS VICTIMS6% High victimization, low perpetra-tion

LOW-MODERATE VICTIMS23%Low/moderate victimization, low perpetration

BULLIES ONLY 19%Low/moderate perpetrationNEITHER41%Low victimization,

Low perpetration

MODERATE BULLY-VICTIMS11%Moderate victimization, moderate perpetration

Bullying groups based on frequency of victimisation and bullying others

Bullying groups and wellbeing outcomes

Serious vic-tims

Low-moderate victims

Bullies only Neither Moderate Bully-Victims

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Self-injury and bullying groups

Bullying groups

DSHI

scor

e

Serious Victims Low-moderate victims Bullies only Neither Moderate bully-victims0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Suicidal ideation and bullying groups

Bullying groupSB

Q sc

ore

Bullying groups and wellbeing outcomes

Serious v

ictims

Low-M

oderate Victims

Bullies o

nly

Neither

Moderate Bully-vi

ctims

-1.66533453693773E-16

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Depression and Bullying groups

Bullying groups

DASS

Dep

ress

ion

Serious victims Low-Moderate victims Bullies only Neither Moderate Bully-victims 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Anxiety and Bullying groups

Bullying groupsDA

SS A

nxie

ty

Bullying groups and wellbeing outcomes

Serious V

ictims

Low-M

oderate victi

ms

Bullies o

nly

Neither

Moderate Bully-V

ictims

3.13.3

3.5

3.73.9

Emotion regulation and bullying groups

Bullying groups

ERIC

A sc

ore

Serious v

ictims

Low-M

oderate victi

ms

Bullies o

nly

Neither

Moderate Bully-vi

ctims

3.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.9

Resiliency and bullying groups

Bullying groups

Resil

ienc

e

2.9

3

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9 Attachment to peers and Bullying groups

Bullying groups

IPPA

Pee

rs

Serious v

ictims

Low-M

oderate victi

ms

Bullies o

nly

Neither

Moderate Bully-vi

ctims

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

Self-esteem and bullying groups

Bullying groupsRS

E sc

ore

Bullying and School

• Serious victims • School less important • Disliked school • Did not feel like a part of their school • Felt less safe at school• More likely to ignore bullying of other students• Felt that other students ignored bullying• Felt that teachers did not take action against bullying

Successful Bullying Program Characteristics

Social-ecological perspective model of bullying prevention programs. Hazler, R.J & Carney, J.V. In Handbook of School Violence & School Safety – International Research & Practice (2nd ed). Edited by Mayer, M.J & Furlong, M.J.

Experiential Avoidance Model (EAM)

The Experiential Avoidance Model. Reproduced from ‚ Solving the puzzle of deliberate self-harm: The experiential avoidance model,‛ by A.L. Chapman et al., 2006, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, p. 373.