THE BULLY WITHINRISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS

OF ADOLESCENT BULLYING

Argosy University

Cherise C. Brown

KEY FACTORS

• Peer Pressure

• Home

• Neighborhood

• School

WHAT IS BULLYING?

Bullying is defined as abehavior that: (a) is intended to cause harm or distress, (b) occurs repeatedly over time, and (c) occurs in a relationship in which there is an imbalance of power or strength. (Solberg & Olweus, 2003).

MYTHS OF BULLYING

• Children who bully are loaners

• Children who bully have low self-esteem

PEER PRESSURE

Popularity

Approval

Acceptance

HOME ENVIRONMENT

Discipline that is questionable

Lack of love and attention from parents

Parents fighting in front of kids in a violent way

Parents using abusive language in front of the children

Movies or sitcoms children watch on television promoting violence

NEIGHBORHOOD

Could be considered dangerous and a need to defend oneself

Gang Violence

SCHOOL

Threats and Intimidation

Teachers are not paying attention to a child

Pursuit of powerLearning disabilityEnvironment of the

school

Bullying in School

MULTICULTURAL FACTORS OF BULLYING

Isolation

Language barriers

Religious beliefs

SIGNS A CHILD IS BULLYING OTHERS

Get into physical or verbal fights

Have friends who bully others

Are becoming more and more aggressive

Have been sent to the principal’s office or to detention repeatedly

Have inexplicable extra money or new items you did not purchase

Blame others for their issues

Don’t accept responsibility for their actions

Are very competitive and are anxious about their reputation or popularity (Stop Bullying.Gov, 2012)

ETHICS OF BULLYINGWhen bullying becomes harassment or takes more

severe forms, it is illegal. 

Several States have implemented legislation to deal with bullying, harassment, and intimidation. 

Mental health professionals and teachers must be aware of the student's right to privacy when addressing school violence concerns, as well as any legal mandates concerning privacy. 

Students also must be aware of the legal and ethical obligations involved in bullying activities. (SAMHSA, 2004).

BULLYING STATISTICS

1 out of 4 teens are bullied.

1 out of 5 kids admits to being a bully, or doing some form of bullying

282,000 students are physically attacked in secondary schools each month

80% of the time, an argument with a bully will end up in a physical fight (Stomp Out Bullying, 2007).

PSYCHOLOGY AND BULLYING

Developmental

Social

Personality theory

ConclusionGET EDUCATED

GET MOTIVATED

BE INVOLVED

THINK OF YOUR CHILDREN’S FUTURE

ReferencesBaldry, A.C., & Farrington, D.P. (2005). Protective factors

as moderators of risk factors in adolescence bullying. Social Psychology of Education, 8, 263 -284. doi: 10.1007/s11218-005-5866-5

Bauer, N.S., Herrenkohl, T.I., Lozano, P., Rivara, F.P., Hill, K.G., Hawkins, J.D. (2006). Childhood bullying involvement and exposure to intimate partner violence. Pediatrics, 118, 235-242.

Bowes, L., Arseneault, L., Maughan, B., Taylor, A., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T.E. (2009). School, neighborhood, and family factors are associated with children's bullying involvement: a nationally representative longitudinal study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, (48) 5, 545-553

References (con’t)

Cairnes, R. B., Cairnes, B. D., Neckerman, H. J., Gest, S. D., & Gariepy, J. L. (1988). Social networks and aggressive behavior: Peer support or peer rejection? Developmental Psychology, 24, 815-823.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1991- 2009 High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data. Retrieved from http://mchb.hrsa.gov/chusa11/hstat/hsa/pages/225b.html

Espelage, D. L. (2002). Bullying in early adolescence: the role of the peer group. ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education Champaign IL.

Espelage, D. L., Bosworth, K., & Simon, T. R. (2000). Examining the social context of bullying behaviors in early adolescence. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78(3), 326-333.

References (con’t)Hamarus, P., & Kaikkonen, S. (2008). School bullying as a

creator of pupil peer pressure. Educational Research, 50(4), 333-345. doi: 10.1080/00131880802499779

Lindberg, C. (2010). New Oxford American Dictionary. (3rd ed.)

Mandel, J. (2005). Social life in middle and high school: dealing with cliques and bullies. New York University Child Study Center, 10(1), 1-4.

Olweus, D., Limber, S., & Mihalic, S. (1999). The Bullying Prevention Program. Blueprints for Violence Prevention. Boulder, CO: Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence.

References (con’t)

Renda, J., Vassallo, S., & Edwards, B. (2011). Bullying in early adolescence and its association with anti-social behaviour, criminality and violence 6 and 10 years later. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 21, 117-127. doi: 10.1002/cbm.805

Solberg, M.E., & Olweus, D. (2003). Prevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus bully/victim questionnaire. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 239-268

Stomp Out Bullying (2007). The Issue of Bullying – Bullying Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.stompoutbullying.org/aboutbullying_theissue.php

References (con’t)

Stop Bullying Gov (2004). Warning Signs of a Bully. Retrieved fromhttp://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/warning-signs/index.html

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHA) (2004). Legal and Ethical Issues of Bullying. Retrieved from http://pathwayscourses.samhsa.gov/bully/bully_7_pg11.htm