B U L L E T I N OF T H E CHICAGO

H E R P E T O L O G I C A L SOCIETY

VOLLTWE 19 (3) 1984

BULLETIN OF THE CHICAGO HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY ISSN 0009-3464

VOLUME 19, NUMBER 3

CONTENTS

THE DISCOVERY OF EUEICEA JUNALUSKA D a v i d M. Se v e r 75 NOTES ON THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE GREAT DISMAL SWAMP

OF VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA Don Schwab 8 5 BACKGROUND INFOI-IMATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE TIMBER RATTLE­

SNAKE IN NEW YORK STATE W i l l i a m S. Brown 94 COMMERICAL EXPLOITATION OF GRAPTEMYS AND STERNOTHEBUS TURTLES

John H. Muir 9 8 BVFOLUCILIA BUFONIVORA (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE), A LETHAL

PARASITE IN THE COMMON EUROPEAN TOAD, 3UFO BUFO (ANURA, BUFONIDAE) J o z e f N i j s 101

CAUDAL LURING IN THE MADAGASCAR GROUND BOA, ACRANTOPHIS DUMERILI M i c h a e l W. Hammock 104

BOOK REVIEW: PHYLLIS, PHALLUS, GFNGIS COHEN & OTHER CREATURES I HAVE KNOWN by F r e d r i c L. F r y e .. Reviewed by Stephen L. B a r t e n 105

LETTER TO THE EDITOR: BOIGA FEEDING HABITS .. S t e v e K r z y s t y n i a k 106

COVER PHOTOGRAP The J u n a l u s k a salamander, Euryaea j u a r e c e n t l y d e s c r i b e d s p e c i e s , l e a r n b e hind i t s d i s c o v e r y i n David S e v e r ' page 75. The cov e r photo of the Jun miander was ta k e n by R. Wayne Van Dev timiber r a t t l e s n a k e , Crotalvs korridu p e r s e c u t e d by m.an over much of i t s d Vv'illiam S. Brown p r o v i d e s a r a t i o n a l p r o t e c t i o n i n New York s t a t e i n the page 94. The photograph on t h e back t a k e n by John C. Murphy near Sauk C i

COPYRIGHT 19 8 4 CHICAGO HERPFTOLOGICAL SOCIETY

B u l l . Chi. Herp. Soc. 19(3):75-84 /ocPs 75

THE DISCOVERY OF EVRYCEA JVT^ALUSKA ~"

D a v i d M. S e v e r

A l t h o u g h t h e d i s c o v e r y o f any new s p e c i e s i s a m a j o r s c i e n t i f i c e v e n t , i t seems t o me t h a t among a m p h i b i a n s and r e p t i l e s , t h e de­s c r i p t i o n o f a new s p e c i e s o f s a l a m a n d e r i s more s i g n i f i c a n t i n some w a y s t h a n t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f a new a n u r a n , s n a k e , o r l i z a r d . I adm.it t h a t I ami b i a s e d , b e c a u s e my v;ork h a s been and w i l l p r o b a ­b l y c o n t i n u e t o be p r i m i a r i l y w i t h s a l a m a n d e r s . B u t on t h e o t h e r h a n d, t h e r e a r e t h o u s a n d s o f known s p e c i e s o f f r o g s , s n a k e s , and l i z a r d s w h i l e t h e r e a r e o n l y a b o u t 350 s p e c i e s o f s a l a m a n d e r s . How­e v e r , i t seems l i k e l y t h a t most u n d i s c o v e r e d s p e c i e s w i l l be c r y p t i c form.s whose s p e c i f i c d i s t i n c t i v e n e s s w i l l be r e v e a l e d by t e c h n i q u e s s u c h a s e l e c t r o p h o r e t i c a n a l y s i s o f p r o t e i n s o r , i f m o r p h o l o g i c a l l y d i s t i n c t , new s p e c i e s o f salam.anders w i l l be f o u n d o n l y i n p o o r l y c o l l e c t e d a r e a s , a s i n some p a r t s o f C e n t r a l A m e r i c a .

A l m o s t a d e c a d e ago, I was i n v o l v e d i n t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f a new s p e c i e s o f Euryoea - E. junaluska w h i c h , t o my k n o w l e d g e , i s one o f t h e fev; s p e c i e s o f s a l a m a n d e r s d e s c r i b e d i n r e c e n t y e a r s f r o m t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s whose d e s c r i p t i o n was b a s e d e n t i r e l y upon e x t e r n a l m o r p h o l o g i c a l c h a r a c t e r s , i . e . , i t a c t u a l l y l o o k s d i f f e r e n t f r o m i t s c o n g e n e r s . A l s o , i t i s som.ewhat s u r p r i s i n g t h a t t h i s s p e c i e s was d e s c r i b e d f r o m an a r e a ( t h e s o u t h e r n A p p a l a c h i a n M o u n t a i n s ) w h e r e s a l a m a n d e r c o l l e c t i n g had been i n t e n s e f o r many y e a r s . A l l o f t h e renowned w o r k e r s on s a l a m a n d e r s o f t h e e a r l y 2 0 t h c e n t u r y - Dunn, N o b l e , B i s h o p , e t c . - had made s o j o u r n s t o t h i s r e g i o n . O n l y one p e r s o n , W i l l i s K i n g , who w r o t e a p a p e r on t h e h e r p e t o f a u n a o f t h e G r e a t Smoky M o u n t a i n s ( K i n a , ] 9 3 9 ) , f o u n d t h i s s p e c i e s a n d / o r r e c o g ­n i z e d t h a t i t v/as d i f f e r e n t f r o m o t h e r Euvyoea. He d i d n o t nam,e i t a s a new s p e c i e s b u t c a l l e d t h e f o r m a h y b r i d .5". b. h i s l i n e a t a x o i r r i g e v a . U n t i l I u n e a r t h e d K i n g ' s s p e c i m e n s a l m o s t 40 y e a r s l a t e r ( S e v e r , 1 9 7 6 ) , no one, e l s e had commented on K i n g ' s s t r a n g e Eurycea.

The s t o r y o f F. junaluska b e g i n s w i t h a l e t t e r d a t e d 4 O c t o b e r 197 3 t h a t I r e c e i v e d from. C h a r l e s D. S u l l i v a n o f N a s h v i l l e , T e n n e s s e e . Don S u l l i v a n was t h e n a g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t a t V a n d e r b i l t U n i v e r s i t y , and he was s t a r t i n g w h a t h a s becomie a v e r y s u c c e s s f u l com.mercial o p e r a t i o n i n v o l v i n g t h e s u p p l y o f a m i p h i b i a n s t o r e s e a r c h e r s and i n s t i t u t i o n s . As p a r t o f h i s b u s i n e s s , he d i d somie c o l l e c t i n g i n t h e s o u t h e r n A p p a l a c h i a n M o u n t a i n s . He u s u a l l y l i m . i t e d h i s e f f o r t s t h e r e t o p i c k ­i n g salam.anders o f f r o a d s u r f a c e s on r a i n y n i g h t s . I v;as a g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t a t T u l a n e U n i v e r s i t y , w h e r e I was c o m i p l e t i n g m;y d o c t o r a l work on t h e s e c o n d a r y s e x u a l c h a r a c t e r s o f s a l a m i a n d e r s u n d e r H a r o l d A. Dundee. H a r o l d i s one o f t h e l e a d i n g a u t h o r i t i e s on t h e Euvyaea o c c u r ^ n g i n t h e O z a r k r e g i o n . I had j u s t f i n i s h e d miy M a s t e r ' s t h e s i s on t h e EuTvasa. h i s l i n e a t a com.plex i n t h e m^idv/est. T h i s v.'crk was done a t O hio U n i v e r s i t y u n d e r H e n r i S e i b e r t . Samuel S. S w e e t , t h e n a t t h e

be l a c k i n g i n some s p e c i m i e n s , b u t i n t h i s "new s p e c i e s " t h e l a c k o f a d i s t i n c t d o r s o l a t e r a l s t r i p e was a c c o m p a n i e d by an i n t e n s e m o t t l i n g s u c h a s I had n e v e r s e e n i n a metamorphosed E. h i s l i n e a t a .

D u r i n g t h e n e x t f e w d a y s , I p h o t o g r a p h e d t h e s p e c i m e n s and made c o l o r d e s c r i p t i o n s o f them. I t h e n p r e s e r v e d them and c o l l e c t e d m e t r i c and m e r i s t i c d a t a . T h e i r body p r o p o r t i o n s (lim.b l e n g t h , t a i l l e n g t h ) w e r e i n d e e d e x t r a o r d i n a r i l y d i v e r g e n t f r o m t h o s e p o p u l a t i o n s o f E. h i s l i n e a t a t h a t I had s t u d i e d p r e v i o u s l y , and I a l s o f o u n d t h a t t h e num.ber and e x t e n t o f t h e p a t c h e s o f t e e t h on t h e v o m e r i n e bone w e r e g r e a t e r t h a n known f r o m a n y sample o f E. h i s l i n e a t a . I s p e n t miost o f my e f f o r t s c o m p a r i n g t h e a n i m a l s t o E. h i s l i n e a t a b e c a u s e o u r new s p e c i e s was o b v i o u s l y a Euryaea, and E. h i s l i n e a t a was t h e o n l y c o n g e n e r t h a t e v e n s l i g h t l y r e s e m b l e d i t . I became more and more c o n v i n c e d t h a t t h i s was a nev; s p e c i e s . B u t e v e n i f f u r t h e r work p r o v e d t h i s t o be w r o n g , a t l e a s t h e r e was a c a s e o f e x t r e m e morpho­l o g i c a l d i v e r g e n c e f r o m t h e t y p i c a l E. h i s l i n e a t a morph on w h i c h t o r e p o r t .

I a s k e d H a r o l d i f he w a n t e d t o work on a d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e f o r m w i t h me. A f t e r r e c e i v i n g a q u i c k a f f i r m a t i o n , we d e c i d e d t h a t Don S u l l i v a n , a s t h e o r i g i n a l c o l l e c t o r o f t h e a n i m a l s h o u l d a l s o be r e c o g n i z e d . I w r o t e t o S u l l i v a n , t o l d him o f my f e e l i n g s a b o u t t h e d i s t i n c t i v e n e s s o f t h e a n i m a l , and miade him an o f f e r o f c o l l a b o r a t i o n on t h e d e s c r i p t i o n . Don w r o t e b a c k ( a l e t t e r d a t e d 11 Novemiber, 1973) e x p r e s s i n g h i s d e l i g h t w i t h my f i n d i n g s and a c c e p t i n g m.y o f f e r o f c o - a u t h o r s h i p on t h e o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n . T h r o u g h o u t t h e w i n t e r , we e x c h a n g e d f u r t h e r c o m m u n i c a t i o n s and p l a n n e d a c o l l e c t i n g t r i p f o r sometime i n May t o t h e a r e a w h e re he c o l l e c t e d t h e a n i m a l s .

The r o a d f r o m w h i c h S u l l i v a n had c o l l e c t e d t h e a n i m a l s was U.S. R o u t e 129 w h e re i t b o r d e r s t h e Cheoah R i v e r i n Graham C o u n t y , N o r t h C a r o l i n a . Graham C o u n t y i s a t t h e s o u t h e r n end o f t h e G r e a t Smoky M o u n t a i n s , and t h e Cheoah R i v e r s e p a r a t e s t h e U n i c o i M o u n t a i n s from, t h e Sm.okies and Y e l l o w C r e e k M o u n t a i n s t o t h e n o r t h . The Cheoah R i v e r a r i s e s f r o m an impoundmient, S a n t e e t l a h L a k e , c r e a t e d d u r i n g t h e l a t e 1 9 2 0 ' s . The impoundment o c c u r s j u s t w e s t o f R o b b i n s v i l l e , N o r t h C a r o l i n a , by t h e c o n f l u e n c e o f T u l l u l a h C r e e k (from, t h e Cheoah M o u n t a i n s t o t h e e a s t ) . S n o w b i r d C r e e k ( f r o m t h e S n o w b i r d M o u n t a i n s t o t h e s o u t h e a s t ) and S a n t e e t l a h C r e e k ( f r o m t h e U n i c o i M o u n t a i n s ) . Fromi t h e dam, o n t h e 1200 ha l a k e , t h e b a s e - l e v e l Cheoah R i v e r ( e l e v a ­t i o n a b o u t 37 5 m.) f l o w s w e s t w a r d i n o t h e L i t t l e T e n n e s s e e R i v e r above t h e v i l l a g e o f T a p o c o n e a r t h e T e n n e s s e e b o r d e r . The Cheoah i s o n l y a b o u t 15 kmi l o n g . Graham C o u n t y i s a m o u n t a i n o u s , s p a r s e l y p o p u l a t e d a r e a v v i t h l e s s t h a n 7000 p e r m a n e n t r e s i d e n t s . R o b b i n s v i l l e , t h e l a r g e s t c i t y , h a s a p o p u l a t i o n o f about 600.

H a r o l d and I a r r i v e d i n Graham County on t h e a f t e r n o o n o f 6 May 1974. Don t o l d u s t h a t rooms c o u l d be p r o c u r e d c h e a p l y i n R o b b i n s ­v i l l e a t a p l a c e c a l l e d t h e J o y c e PCilm.er M o t e l . The m o t e l c o n s i s t e d o f a s e r i e s o f c o t t a g e s h i g h o n a h i l l o v e r l o o k i n g t h e town, and he was r i g h t - t h e y w e r e v e r y i n e x p e n s i v e ! W i t h a shower, a room: c o s t u s $8.00 a n i g h t f o r t v / o . A room, w i t h o u t a shower was o n l y S5.00. We d e c i d e d t o be e l e g a n t and t o o k a roomi w i t h a shov . ' e r. S i n c e i t was e a r l y , v.'e r o d e o u t t o t h e Cheoah P>iver t o h ave a l o o k a r o u n d .

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My f i r s t v i e w o f t h e Cheoah R i v e r was soiriewhat d i s a p p o i n t i n g . I t was a b e a u t i f u l s t r e a m - s h a l l o w , s w i f t , w i t h huge b o u l d e r s s t r e w n a b o u t t h e s t r e a m b e d - b u t i t was a l s o q u i t e open and t h e s h o r e was d r y and b r u s h y . I t d i d n o t l o o k l i k e a good salam.ander stream,, e x c e p t p e r h a p s f o r Cryptobranshus. We p a r k e d a t a b r i d g e c r o s s i n g t h e r i v e r a t S l i c k Rock Road, a l o g g i n g r o a d w h i c h went up i n t o t h e U n i c o i s on t h e s o u t h s i d e o f t h e r i v e r . We p r o c e e d e d t o t u r n r o c k s , r a k e b r u s h , d i p i n t o p o o l s - a l l t h e s t a n d a r d t e c h n i q u e s f o r u n c o v e i -i n g s a l a m a n d e r s .

We d i d f i n d a number o f s p e c i m e n s o f Eurycea lor.gioauda gutto-l i n e a t o . , Vesmognathus r^:ontiaola and t h e l a r v a e o f Eseudotriton ruber and o f Euryaea - b o t h E. longiaauda and i n d i v i d u a l s t h a t l o o k e d l i k e E. h i s l i n e a t a . However, we had u n c o v e r e d no a d u l t s o f t h e new s p e c i e s when we h e a r d a c a r s q u e a l i n g t o a h a l t on t h e r o a d j u s t above t h e r i v e r . I t was Don S u l l i v a n , and soon he was down i n t h e s t r e a m w i t h u s t e a r i n g t h r o u g h t h e r o c k s and b r u s h l o o k i n g f o r o u r new Euryaea. We w e r e j u s t a b o u t t o c a l l i t a day when I t u r n e d s e v e r a l r o c k s a l o n g t h e w a t e r ' s edge, i n a s a n d y a r e a above t h e S l i c k Rock B r i d g e . Under t h e s e r o c k s w e r e m.y f i r s t 2 specim.ens o f t h e new s p e c i e s . They w e r e q u i t e a c t i v e , and one o f them seemed t o t r y t o jum.p from, i t s r e s t i n g s p o t i n t o t h e r i v e r . I h a p p i l y c l a i m e d t o h a v e c a u g h t i t i n m i d a i r , a b o a s t r e s p o n d e d t o w i t h some i n c r e d u l i t y f r o m Don and H a r o l d

A l t h o u g h we s e a r c h e d t h e Cheoah and s u r r o u n d i n g s t r e a m s i n t e n s e l y f o r t h e n e x t d a y and o n e - h a l f , we d i d n o t f i n d any f u r t h e r specim.ens o f t h e new s p e c i e s . I t r e f u s e d t o r a i n a t n i g h t , so r o a d - h u n t i n g was n o t p r o f i t a b l e e x c e p t f o r an o c c a s i o n a l t o a d o r f r o g . We a l s o d i d n o t c o l l e c t m.any F. h i s l i n e a t a . T h e r e was one f r o m a seepage a r e a a l o n g S l i c k Rock Road, h i g h on t h e m o u n t a i n s i d e above t h e Cheoah, and a few more f r o m a s t r e a m f e e d i n g T u l l u l a h C r e e k n e a r R o b b i n s v i l l e . We d i d g e t a num.ber o f l a r v a e , b u t t h e y a l l l o o k e d l i k e t y p i c a l E. h i s l i n e a t a l a r v a e t o u s . Of c o u r s e , we d i d n o t know what t o e x p e c t f o r t h e l a r v a e o f o u r new f o r m , e s p e c i a l l y s i n c e t h e a d u l t s have a c o l o r p a t t e r n v e r y s i m i l a r t o t h a t o f l a r g e l a r v a e o f E. h i s l i n e a t a . . C l e a r l y , c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t h e l a r v a e w o u l d t a k e a w h i l e - p e r h a p s t h e y v;ere v i r t u a l l y i n d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e f r o m t h o s e o f E. h i s l i n e a t a .

I t was a p p a r e n t a f t e r o u r s o j o u r n t h a t more f i e l d w o r k was n e c e s s a r y . However, i t w o u l d h a v e t o w a i t . I had my d i s s e r t a t i o n t o d e f e n d , and I had j u s t been o f f e r e d a p o s i t i o n a t S a i n t M a r y ' s C o l l e g e a t N o t r e Dame, I n d i a n a . R e s e a r c h on t h e new Euryaea would have t o w a i t u n t i l t h i n g s s e t t l e d down.

D u r i n g t h e f a l l o f 1974 I subm.itted a r e q u e s t f o r a r e s e a r c h g r a n t f o r t h e s t u d y o f t h e s y s t e m . a t i c s o f Eurycea i n s o u t h w e s t e r n N o r t h C a r o l i n a t o t h e H i g h l a n d s B i o l o g i c a l S t a t i o n i n Macon C o u n t y , N o r t h C a r o l i n a . Macon C o u n t y , c o n v e n i e n t l y , i s t h e c o u n t y imumediately e a s t o f Graham, C o u n t y , so I f i g u r e d t h a t i t would be a good p l a c e t o h a v e my h e a d q u a r t e r s f o r any e x t e n s i v e f i e l d v 7 o r k on E. runalus<a. I a s k e d f o r f u n d s and r e s e a r c h s p a c e t o a l l o w me t o make 2 t r i p s t o t h e r e g i o n - a w e e k - l o n g t r i p i n M a r c h , and a more e x t e n s i v e s t a y d u r i n g t h e summer. I had s p e n t s e v e r a l weeks a t H i g h l a n d s w o r k i n g on my d i s s e r t a t i o n d u r i n g t h e summer o f 1973, so I v.'as f a m . i l a r w i t h t h e s e t ­up t h e r e , and Dr. R i c h a r d B r u c e , t h e d i r e c t o r o f t h e s t a t i o n t h e n and now, i s a r i o t e d w o r k e r on t h e r e p r o d u c t i v e c y c l e s and l i f e h i s t o r i e s

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of A p p a l a c h i a n s a l a m a n d e r s .

My g r a n t was awarded, so on 22 March 1975 I took o f f f o r Graham County. I s t a y e d a t the J o y c e Kilm.er Motel u n t i l t h e 27th, spending a l l of my days t u r n i n g r o c k s i n stream.s and a l l of miy n i g h t s w a i t i n g f o r r a i n - w h i c h n e v e r cam.e. I o b t a i n e d a county map from the c o u r t ­house and l i t e r a l l y f o l l o w e d e v e r y road i n w e s t e r n Graham County t h a t had a s t r e a m i n d i c a t e d n e a r i t . Although I c o l l e c t e d a l a r g e num-ber of s a l a m a n d e r s , i n c l u d i n g Leuvognathus marnioratus, 3 (or miore) s p e c i e s o f Veemognathus , P. ruber, E. lon.gicauda, Gyrinophilus p o r v h y r i t i a u s , Notopthalrrius v i r i d e s o e n s , and a number o f t y p i c a l E. h i s l i n e a t a , I found no specimens of our new s p e c i e s , u n l e s s some were p r e s e n t i n t h e l a r g e c o l l e c t i o n of Euryaea l a r v a e I made. Hov/ever, I d i d become even more f a m . i l i a r w i t h t h e t e r r i t o r y . I was b e g i n n i n g t o s u s p e c t why the s p e c i e s had gone u n d e t e c t e d . E i t h e r i t was indeed v e r y uncommon, or e l s e i t l i v e d i n what one normially would not c o n s i d e r l i k e l y salamian-d e r h a b i t a t . I stopped i n H i g h l a n d s on the way back and t a l k e d t o D i c k B r u c e . He v;as s k e p t i c a l about t h e new s p e c i e s , but he d i d t h i n k t h a t a l o t of w e i r d t h i n g s were going on w i t h s o u t h e r n A p p a l a c h i a n Eurycea .

I r e t u r n e d t o t h e miountains on 12 J u l y and rem.ained t h e r e u n t i l 6 -August. E x c e p t f o r about a week I s p e n t a t H i g h l a n d s , I l i v e d i n Graham County a t t h e J o y c e K i l m e r Motel. D u r i n g t h a t p e r i o d , Robbins­v i l l e was t h e s i t e f o r s e v e r a l c o l o r f u l weekend c e l e b r a t i o n s t h a t i n c l u d e d e v e n i n g s q u a r e d a n c e s and b l u e - g r a s s music. The county had r e c e n t l y c e l e b r a t e d i t s c e n t e n n i a l (1972) , and a l o c a l group had pub­l i s h e d a book on t h e h i s t o r y of Graham County. I o b t a i n e d a copy and

/ l e a r n e d much about t h e r e g i o n . F o r exam.ple, U.S. R t . 12 9 was l a i d o v e r a r a i l r o a d t r a c k - t h i s s t i l l c o n t r i b u t e s t o t h e bum.py c h a r a c t e r o f the r o a d . D i c k Highton r e c e n t l y t o l d me t h a t U.S. R t . 129 was s t i l l unpaved when he f i r s t v i s i t e d t h e r e g i o n i n t h e 1950's. T h i s l a t t e r f a c t may h e l p e x p l a i n why none of t h e e a r l i e r w o rkers found t h e s p e c i e s - t h e r e w a s n o b l a c k t o p road f o r salamander hunting on r a i n y n i g h t s !

I r e v i s i t e d many o f t h e sm.aller s t r e a m s a t which I had c o l l e c t e d i n the s p r i n g , a g a i n w i t h no s u c e s s f o r our new form. I d i d not f i n d any more specimens a l o n g t h e Cheoah R i v e r e i t h e r . When i t became too hot and humid, I c o u l d r e f r e s h m.yself by t a k i n g a q u i c k d i p i n the s t r e a m I v / a s a t t h a t day, or I could e s c a p e i n t o t h e c o o l f o r e s t s and amuse m y s e l f by c o l l e c t i n g some Plethodon glutinosus or P. gordani, w h i c h were comim.on now (but nowhere t o be seen i n March) or perhaps f i n d som.e r i n g n e c k s n a k e s , Piadorhis punatatus. Des^ognatnus aeneus was com.mion i n som.e s m.all seepages i n the woods, and t h e r e u s u a l l y were s o m e Saelovorus undulatus t o c h a s e around r o c k f a c e s .

I a c t u a l l y w a s h a v i n g q u i t e a b i t of fun c o l l e c t i n g snakes, some of w h i c h had not been r e p o r t e d from Grahami County b e f o r e . Specimens r e p r e s e n t i n g n e w or j u s t i n t e r e s t i n g r e c o r d s were s e n t t o the North C a r o l i n a S t a t e Musuem (NCSM) . Eegina s e p t e - n v i t t a t a was r e l a t i v e l y common a l o n d t h e Cheoah R i v e r and Thairmopkis s i r t a l i s and Nerodia sipedon were u b i q u i t o u s i n and around s t r e a m s . I found one Thamno-p k i s s a u r i t u s a l o n g T u l l u l a h C r e e k i n R o b b i n s v i l l e , and gave i t t o a f r i e n d i n New O r l e a n s who was c o n d u c t i n g an e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s study on the r i b b o n s n a k e s . A l B r a s w e l l of the NCSM was shaken by t h i s -

8n

t h e r e a r e fevv r e c o r d s o f r i b b o n s n a k e s f r o m anyvjhere i n t h e m i O u n t a i n s , and I had g i v e n one away t o be ground up I

A t d u s k U.S. R t . 129 was o f t e n a l i v e w i t h s n a k e s , e s p e c i a l l y i f t h e r e had been an a f t e r n o o n shower. Coluker c o n s t r i c t o r c l o s e t o town and Elaphe ohsoleta once p a s t t h e r e s e r v o i r w e r e s e e n on a l m o s t e v e r y t r i p down t h e r o a d a t n i g h t . Agkistrodon c o n t o r t r i x was t h e most common s n a k e a l o n g t h e r o a d i n one a r e a a b o u t a k i l o m e t e r s o u t h ­e a s t o f Ta p o c o . Many w e r e k i l l e d by c a r s , and many more would h a v e been i f I had n o t k i c k e d them o f f t h e r o a d ! Once, d u r i n g t h e m i d d l e o f t h e d a y , I f o u n d a l a r g e Crotalus k o r r i d u s dead a l o n g s i d e an o l d l o g g i n g r o a d a t B i g F a t Gap. I t had been s t r u c k r e p e a t e d b l o w s w i t h a b l u n t i n s t r u m e n t . T h i s was i n t h e m i d d l e o f nowhere, and I wondered who had k i l l e d t h e s n a k e - and t a k e n t h e r a t t l e s . My n o t e s r e a d "dead s i n c e m o r n i n g ? S m . e l l s , s k i n o f f n e c k , f l i e s . " T h u s , I d i d n ' t s a v e t h e s p e c i m e n , a l t h o u g h i t w o u l d have been a good c o u n t y r e c o r d . On up t h e r o a d was p a r k e d a t r u c k b e a r i n g t h e i n s i g n i a o f t h e N a t i o n a l F o r e s t S e r v i c e , and I assum.e t h a t i t was a f o r e s t r a n g e r who had p e r p e t r a t e d t h e a c t .

B u t my p u r p o s e was t o f i n d t h e new s p e c i e s , and t h e s e o t h e r h e r p s w e r e j u s t n e c e s s a r y d i v e r s i o n s - n e c e s s a r y b e c a u s e I was s u r e l y b e­coming b o r e d t r y i n g t o f i n d o u r e l u s i v e c r e a t u r e ; T h e n , on 17 J u l y , I w e n t o u t t o e x p l o r e t h e a r e a where S a n t e e t l a h C r e e k j o i n s t h e r e s e r v o i r . Two l a r g e s t r e a m s o c c u r i n t h i s a r e a - S a n t e e t l a h C r e e k w h i c h i s more o r l e s s a " w i l d " v e r s i o n o f t h e Cheoah R i v e r ( d e n s e f o r e s t , no b l a c k t o p r o a d s ) and L i t t l e S a n t e e t l a h C r e e k , w h i c h p a s s e s o u t o f t h e J o y c e K i l m e r M e m o r i a l F o r e s t . The J o y c e K i l m e r M e m o r i a l F o r e s t i s a t r a c t o f v i r g i n t i m b e r w h e r e I n e v e r c o l l e c t . F o r a e s t h e t i c r e a s o n s , I j u s t c a n n o t b r i n g m y s e l f t o r i p moss o f f s t o n e s and t e a r t h r o u g h l o g s i n a p l a c e o f s u c h p r i s t i n e b e a u t y . T h i s i s one o f t h o s e p l a c e s t h a t I j u s t e n j o y w a l k i n g t h r o u g h , l e a v i n g t h e f o r e s t and i t s c r e a t u r e s u n t o u c h e d .

The a r e a a l o n g S a n t e e t l a h C r e e k , hov ; e v e r, had been e x t e n s i v e l y l o g g e d a t one tim.e, and I f e e l no a b h o r r e n c e a t t u r n i n g l o g s l e f t from! t r e e s f e l l e d by a c h a i n saw. Near where S a n t e e t l a h C r e e k m.eets t h e r o a d (Co. R t . 1127) by J o y c e K i l m e r t h e r e i s a t u r n o f f t o v/hat i s now a g r o u p c a m p s i t e a t a p l a c e c a l l e d R a t t l e r ' s F o r d . T h i s a r e a was a n a t u r a l g l a d e , p e r h a p s due t o swam.py a r e a s w h i c h were l a r g e l y d r a i n e d when t h e camp i n g s i t e s w e r e c o n s t r u c t e d . On my f i r s t v i s i t t h a t J u l y , no c a m p s i t e s w e r e a s y e t p r e s e n t , and I f o u n d R a t t l e r ' s F o r d by r e f e r r i n g t o m,y t o p o g r a p h i c a l miap. I c h o o s e t h e s p o t s i m p l y b e c a u s e i t seer.ed l i k e an e a s y p l a c e from, v/hich t o a p p r o a c h t h e c r e e k a s one d i d n o t h a v e t o f i g h t t h r o u g h t h e r h o d o d e n d r o n t h i c k e t s t o r e a c h t h e w a t e r ' s edge.

As I a p p r o a c h e d t h e s t r e a m , I s t a r t e d t u r n i n g r o c k s and r a k i n g t h r o u g h p m e n e e d l e s and l e a v e s . Lo and b e h o l d , I began f i n d i n g Eur^-c<;ai Thej>' v;ere E. o i c l i n e a i : : , b u t s t i l l I was p l e a s e d , b e c a u s e I had n o t fou n d more t h a n a d o z e n E. h i s l i n e a t a a t a l l t h e o t h e r s t r e a m s comibined i n t h e p r e v i o u s week, and m.ost o f t h o s e had been j u v e n i l e s . The o n e s I was f i n d i n g nov; w e r e l a r g e a d u l t s , and i n l e s s t h a n a h a l f -h o u r I had miatched my t o t a l o f t h e p r e v i o u s week w i t h o u t moving more t h a n a dozen mi e t e r s - • , ,

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E. h i s l i n e a t a a d u l t s a r e n o t o r i o u s l y hard t o f i n d i n t h e mountains d u r i n g t h e summer, u n l e s s one p i c k s them up on r o a d s on r a i n y n i g h t s -and one might f i n d them a l o n g a road f a r away from t h e n e a r e s t stream. E. h i s l i n e a t a , i n t h i s a r e a , m i g r a t e t o s t r e a m s o n l y a f t e r t h e f i r s t c o o l r a i n y w e a t h e r i n t h e f a l l . Then, a f t e r o v e r - w i n t e r i n g and b r e e d ­i n g i n t h e s t r e a m s , t h e y l e a v e f o r p a r t s unknown by March or A p r i l . None of the specimens I was f i n d i n g now were w i t h i n s e v e r a l m e t e r s of the s t r e a m i t s e l f . They were m o s t l y found by s c r a p i n g through p i n e n e e d l e s on t h e banks of a sandy d e p r e s s i o n (former p a t h of t h e s t r e a m ? ) and by t u r n i n g d e b r i s t h a t had accumulated a t t h e bottom of a number of c o n c r e t e b a s i n s t h a t were s c a t t e r e d through t h e f o r e s t a l o n g t h e s t r e a m . These b a s i n s were sunk f l u s h i n t o t h e ground and about a h a l f -meter deep. I n e v e r d i s c o v e r e d f o r what purpose t h e s e b a s i n s were o r i g i n a l l y meant. But i n t h e i r p r e s e n t c o n d i t i o n , t h e y were g r e a t t r a p s f o r a l l manner o f wet d e b r i s , and t h u s good p l a c e s f o r salamanders t o c o n g r e g a t e . These b a s i n s have s i n c e d i s a p p e a r e d from R a t t l e r ' s F o r d .

Charged by s u c c e s s , I climbied down i n t o t h e stream and began work­i n g t h e bank toward t h e b r i d g e on Co. R t . 112 7. The water was v e r y s w i f t , r a t h e r deep, and p a i n f u l l y c o l d f o r an a f t e r n o o n i n J u l y . As I went downstream, t h e bank becamie crowded w i t h rhododendrons, and ground c o v e r became s p a r s e . I was almost ready t o g i v e up when I t u r n e d one l a s t r o c k , about t h e s i z e of my palm, a t t h e edge of t h e c r e e k . Under i t was an a d u l t i n d i v i d u a l of t h e new s p e c i e s . I t was d a n g e r o u s l y c l o s e t o t h e w a t e r ' s edge, and once i n t h e r e , I knew i t was gone. I had one chance t o grab i t , and I made s u r e t h a t I would g e t i t by t a k i n g a f i s t f u l of d i r t w i t h i t , and not opening my hand u n t i l i t was s a f e l y o v e r t h e bag! I had i t , my f i r s t specimen of t h e new s p e c i e s i n over a y e a r !

I worked t h e c r e e k some more, found a few more E. h i s l i n e a t a and some l a r g e Euryaea l a r v a e w h i c h I became c o n v i n c e d were t h e l a r v a e of the new form - t h e c o l o r p a t t e r n was so s i m i i l a r . But I found no more m.etamiorphosed specimens o f t h e new form, so a s d a r k n e s s s e t i n , I l e f t , r e s o l v i n g t o r e t u r n a g a i n b e f o r e I d e p a r t e d from t h e a r e a f o r t h e summ.er.

I n t h e e v e n i n g s a f t e r supper a t P h i l i p ' s R e s t a u r a n t , one of the g r e a t e a t i n g p l a c e s i n t h e s o u t h e r n A p p a l a c h i a n s , I ' d s i t on my p o r c h a t t h e motel l o o k i n g v;estward f o r s i g n s of r a i n . I t o f t e n looked c l o u d y , and somietimes r a i n would f a l l i n R o b b i n s v i l l e , but by t h e time I r e a c h e d t h e Cheoah R i v e r r o a d , t h e r a i n would have stopped w i t h o u t s i g n i f i c a n t l y dampening t h e r o a d or e l s e I ' d d i s c o v e r t h a t i t hadn't r a i n e d a t a l l over t h e m.ountain from R o b b i n s v i l l e .

On t h e e v e n i n g of 18 J u l y , t h e r e was a b r i e f t h u n d e r s t o r m i n R o b b i n s v i l l e , so I d u t i f u l l y got i n my c a r and drove toward the r i v e r . The r a i n , as u s u a l , had stopped by the time I had r e a c h e d Horse Cove Road (Co. R t . 1 1 3 4 ) , a paved road t h a t p a r a l l e l s t h e Cheoah f o r s e v e r a l k i l o m e t e r s below t h e dam, a t which p o i n t Horse Cove Road j o i n s U.S.Rt. 129. The b r i d g e over t h e Cheoah a t Horse Cove Road was a l w a y s my s t a r t i n g p o i n t f o r road h u n t i n g because t h e road beyond t h e r e (toward J o y c e Kilmier) was not paved ( a l t h o u g h much of i t i s now a l o n g t h e r i v e r ) , and t h e r e was a n i c e a r e a t o t u r n around a t and/or w a i t .

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I w a i t e d a t t h e b r i d g e f o r a w h i l e t o see what was going t o happen w i t h t h e w e a t h e r , but i t seemed l i k e i t was going t o c l e a r up, and t h e road was b e g i n n i n g t o d r y . I s t a r t e d down Horse Cove Road toward U.S. R t . 1 2 9 t o g i v e i t a q u i c k run b e f o r e t h i n g s became too d r y , and I was m i l d l y encouraged by f i n d i n g s e v e r a l Pseudotriton ruber and Notopthalmus v i r i d e s o e n s on t h e road. These a r e not r e a l good i n d i c a t o r s of s u c c e s s s i n c e t h e y a r e the f i r s t s p e c i e s t o come out on r o a d s a f t e r a r a i n , and o f t e n come out on r o a d s t h a t would be too d r y f o r o t h e r s a l a m a n d e r s . F i n d i n g Vesmognathus on the road i s a f a r b e t t e r s i g n .

R i g h t belov; t h e s t o p s i g n on Horse Cove Road where i t j o i n e d U.S. Rt. 12 9, t h e r e was a puddle of w a t e r . The road around t h e puddle was a l r e a d y d r y . S i t t i n g i n t h e m i d d l e of the puddle was a specimen of the new s p e c i e s . I q u i c k l y c o l l e c t e d i t and c o n t i n u e d dowTi t h e h i g h ­way a l o n g t h e r i v e r , but t h i n g s were too d r y , and I saw no more s p e c i ­mens. However, I was f a i r l y happy as I r e t u r n e d t o m.y room t h a t n i g h t . A f t e r a week of no s u c c e s s , I had a c t u a l l y found 2 specimens i n 2 days - maybe t h i n g s were going t o get b e t t e r !

The n e x t day I s p e n t on T e y a h a l e B a l d , type l o c a l i t y f o r one m.ember of t h e Plethodon Qordani complex, and t h e morning of t h e f o l l o w i n g day 2 0 J u l y , I s p e n t around t h e Cheoah R i v e r a l o n g Horse Cove Road. I had not found a s i n g l e Eurycea s i n c e l e a v i n g S a n t e e t l a h Creek, and I was b e g i n n i n g t o become d i s c o u r a g e d a g a i n . But then, around noon, i t began t o r a i n i n a s t e a d y d r i z z l e . I drove up Y e l l o w Creek Road, and box t u r t l e s , Terrapene Carolina, were c r a w l i n g over t h e r o a d s - a good s i g n t h a t t h e l e a f l i t t e r was becoming wet. Perhaps, i f t h e r a i n con­t i n u e d , i t would s t a y wet enough to encourage the Eurycea t o miove out of t h e i r h i d i n g p l a c e s f o r t h e e v e n i n g .

The r a i n d i d indeed c o n t i n u e i n t o t h e e v e n i n g , and t h i n g s looked i d e a l . J u s t b e f o r e dusk, I drove i n the r a i n out t o Tapoco. Tapoco, a l t h o u g h l a r g e l y abandoned now, was t h e n a r e s o r t a r e a miaintained by ALCOA (Alum.inum. Company of TLm.erica) . Tapoco i s the l a s t s pot a t which U.S. Rt. 1 2 9 p a r a l l e l s t h e Cheoah R i v e r b e f o r e the Cheoah j o i n s t h e L i t t l e T e n n e e s s e e R i v e r a t t h e nearby Cheoah Dam. The d i s t a n c e from Tapoco to the Horse Cove Road t u r n - o f f i s a l i t t l e more tha n 1 1 kmi. The l i g h t r a i n s t i l l c o n t i n u e d . J u s t a f t e r d a r k n e s s f e l l , a t 8:35 PM ( 2 0 3 5 h o u r s ) , I s e t o f f from Topoco toward Horse Cove. The f o l l o w i n g i s a summ.ary of what was a most memorable n i g h t :

M i l e 063.8 - Tapoco, 2035; 065.9 - P. ruber\1 - Horse Cove Road; 071.1 -AOR T. s i r t a l i s , 45-50 cm 2050; 071.5 - b r i d g e on Cheoali a t Horse Cove Road; 072.4 - AOR r. ol^soleta, 90 cm and DOR P. s i r t a l i s , 75 cm, f r e s h , 2115; 077.9 - Tapoco t u r n - a r o u n d ; 078.0 - AOR .4. c c n t c r t r i x , 60 cm, r o a d s i d e o p p o s i t e r i v e r , 2125; 080.9 - new s p e c i e s ; 083.9 - new s p e c i e s ; 086.5 - Horse Cove Road; 085.55 - new s p e c i e s ; 086.7 - new s p e c i e s ; 087.0 - Horse Cove B r i d g e t u r n - a r o u n d , 2215; 088.0 - new s p e c i e s , E. lof2gicauda, o p p o s i t e s t o r e ; 088.1 - viridescens, two Eana catesbe'ai'ia; 088.4 - DOR E. vi ridescene, two P. ochrophaeus, s m a l l P. rul'or, j u n c t i o n w i t h Y e l l o w Creek Road; 089.4 - two P. r:onticola, Bufo; 89.9 -new s p e c i e s ; 93.8 - A. contortrix, 75 cm, 2300; 94.7 - Tapoco t u r n - a r o u n d , r a i n stopped; 095.6 - longicauda; 101.1 - new s p e c i e s , o p p o s i t e s t o r e a g a i n ; 102.0 - Horse Cove Road; 102.15 - t h r e e new s p e c i e s , one of t h e s e DOR; 102.3 - young E. Long'^ca:uda\5 - Horse Cove B r i d g e t u r n - a r o u n d , 2345; 103.0 - new s p e c i e s ; 103.1 - new s p e c i e s ; 2400, road d r y i n g , r e t u r n e d to R o b b i n s v i l l e .

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A p r e t t y good n i g h t ! I n a l l , I c o l l e c t e d 12 specimens of our new s p e c i e s t h a t n i g h t , a l t h o u g h o n l y 11 were saved s i n c e t h e DOR was i n poor c o n d i t i o n . The n e x t day I c e l e b r a t e d by s l e e p i n g l a t e and d r i v ­i n g t o the J u n a l u s k a p i c n i c a r e a i n R o b b i n s v i l l e f o r a l u n c h of beer and peanut b u t t e r . The J u n a l u s k a p i c n i c a r e a i s s i t u a t e d by Long Cre e k , which owes i t s s o u r c e t o nearby T e y a h a l e B a l d , and i t i s e s s e n t i a l l y j u s t a r o a d s i d e s h e l t e r where one can s i t and w h i l e away a morning w a t c h i n g t h e t r a f f i c come and go from the B u r l i n g t o n f u r n i ­t u r e p l a n t a c r o s s t h e s t r e e t .

Nearby i s t h e b u r i a l p l a c e of t h e I n d i a n C h i e f J u n a l u s k a , a f i g u r e o f some h i s t o r i c a l n o t e f o r s a v i n g t h e l i f e of Andrew J a c k s o n a t t h e B a t t l e of Horse Shoe Bend i n 1814 and f o r l e a d i n g t h e Cherokees t o d e s i g n a t e d a r e a s i n Oklahom.a i n t h e 1832's a f t e r our government i n s i s t e d t h e y l e a v e North C a r o l i n a ( t h e t r a g i c " T r a i l of T e a r s s a g a ) . J u n a l u s k a r e t u r n e d t o N orth C a r o l i n a and was g i v e n some l a n d and made a c i t i z e n of N orth C a r o l i n a . He r e p u t e d l y l i v e d t o be over 100 y e a r s o l d . There u s e d t o be a s i g n i n d i c a t i n g a p a t h t o f o l l o w t o h i s g r a v e , but I have n o t i c e d t h a t t h e s i g n has d i s a p p e a r e d i n r e c e n t y e a r s .

As I was s i t t i n g under t h e J u n a l u s l i a p i c n i c s h e l t e r n e a r J u n a l u s k a ' s g r a v e on J u n a l u s k a Road, t h e l o g i c a l s p e c i f i c e p i t h e t f o r the new s p e c i e s o c c u r r e d t o me. As I a t e my l u n c h , I com.posed t h e f o l l o w i n g l e t t e r t o Don S u l l i v a n i n the back of my f i e l d book:

" I have j u s t spent 2 weeks c o l l e c t i n g around R o b b i n s v i l l e . I obtained 13 more a d u l t specimens of the new s p e c i e s , which I have decided ( a f t e r many beers) to name E^uvycea junaluska a f t e r the well-known I n d i a n c h i e f who l i v e d £• i s buried i n Graham County ..."

From t h a t timie on, Euryaea junaluska was t h e name we used t o r e f e r t o our new Euryaea.

The r e s t of t h e s t o r y i s b r i e f . I s t a y e d i n R o b b i n s v i l l e f o r a n o t h e r week, l o o k i n g i n m.ore stream.s d u r i n g the day and hoping f o r r a i n a t n i g h t , but t h e r e s t o f t he n i g h t s d u r i n g my s t a y were c l e a r . I r e t u r n e d t o S a n t e e t l a h Creek on 2 3 J u l y , and c o l l e c t e d 8 more E. h i s l i n e a t a , but I found no more E. junaluska t h e r e or anyvv'here e l s e . I s p e n t t h e n e x t week or so a t H i g h l a n d s , measuring my specimens and t r y i n g t o convince D i c k B r u c e of t h e i r d i s t i n c t i v e n e s s . He remained a doubter f o r som.e t i m e , even a f t e r t h e d e s c r i p t i o n was p u b l i s h e d . That f a l l , I f i n c h e d t h e e x a m i n a t i o n of miy t o t a l sample of 23 E. junaluska. T h i s i n c l u d e d 2 c o l l e c t e d by Ron Brandon, Jim Huheey and Dick B r u c e a t T u l l u l a h Creek i n 1974 and c a t a l o g u e d a s E. h i s l i n e a t a i n the c o l l e c ­t i o n o f t h e NCSM p l u s miy 6 specimiens from. S u l l i v a n , t h e 2 c o l l e c t e d i n May, 1974, and t h e 13 I c o l l e c t e d t h e summer of 1975. We p r e p a r e d t h e d e s c r i p t i o n , w h i c h appeared i n HERPETOLOGICA i n March of 1976 ( S e v e r e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 ) .

I have r e t u r n e d t o the r e g i o n many tim.es to t r y t o l e a r n m.ore abou.t t h e s p e c i e s . I n March of 19 76, I l o c a t e d K i n g ' s specimens of T. h. h i s l i n e a z a x c i r r i g e r a , determ.ined t h a t t h e y were indeed r. junaluska, and c o l l e c t e d a specimen of t h e s p e c i e s i n F i g h t i n g Creek i n the G r e a t Smoky Mountains N a t i o n a l Park ( S e v e r , 1976). I n 1979, I found 5 specimiens o f the s p e c i e s w h i l e r o a d - h u n t i n g on a r a i n y n i g h t a l o n g t h e T e l l i c o R i v e r i n Monroe County, Tennessee ( S e v e r , 1 9 8 3 a ) . I n the

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meantime, D i c k B r u c e f i n a l l y became c o n v i n c e d o f t h e v a l i d i t y o f t h e s p e c i e s , and he r e c e n t l y p u b l i s h e d an e x c e l l e n t s t u d y on t h e l a r v a e and l i f e h i s t o r y o f E. junaluska a t S a n t e e t l a h C r e e k ( B r u c e , 1 9 8 2 ) . A l l o f t h e s e r e p o r t s w e r e r e c e n t l y r e v i e w e d i n an a c c o u n t on E. junaluska i n t h e CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN AMPHIBIANS AND R E P T I L E S ( S e v e r , 1 9 8 3 b ) .

Problem.s s t i l l rem.ain. P a r t i c u l a r l y d i s t u r b i n g i s why t h e s p e c i e s i s s o common on some r o a d s a t n i g h t b u t v e r y d i f f i c u l t t o f i n d by t u r n ­i n g r o c k s , e t c . d u r i n g t h e d a y i n w h at w o u l d seem t o be s u i t a b l e h a b i t a t . To be s u r e , t h e r e a r e p l a c e s a l o n g S a n t e e t l a h C r e e k w h e r e one c a n be f a i r l y c e r t a i n o f t u r n i n g up one o r two a d u l t s on any g i v e n d a y , and d u r i n g t h e f a l l and s p r i n g , t h e r e a r e p l a c e s a l o n g T u l l u l a h C r e e k i n R o b b i n s v i l l e t h a t a d o z e n o r more s p e c i m e n s have been f o u n d a t one t i m e by t u r n i n g r o c k s a l o n g t h e s t r e a m b o r d e r . I n March o f 1982, A l B r a s w e l l , Wayne Van D e v e n d e r and m y s e l f c o l l e c t e d 14 a d u l t i n d i v d u a l s from, one s m a l l a r e a i n T u l l u l a h C r e e k . B u t s t i l l , t h e s p e c i e s r e m a i n s o f f i c i a l l y " u n c o m m i o n " - u n l e s s , o f c o u r s e , one f i n d s a good r o a d t o r i d e on a r a i n y n i g h t .

L i t e r a t u r e C i t e d

B r u c e , R. C. 1982. E g g - l a y i n g , l a r v a l p e r i o d s and metamorphosis of Euryaea hislineata and E. junaluska a t S a n t e e t l a h C r e e k , North C a r o l i n a . Copeia 1982:755-762.

K i n g , W. 1939. A s u r v e y of t h e h e r p e t o l o g y of t h e G r e a t Smoky Mountians N a t i o n a l P a r k . Am. M i d i . Nat. 21:531-582.

S e v e r , D. M. 1972. Geographic v a r i a t i o n s and taxonom>y of Eurycea hislineata ( C a u d a t a : P l e t h o d o n t i d a e ) i n t h e upper Ohio R i v e r v a l l e y . H e r p e t o l o g i c a 28:314-324.

S e v e r , D. M. 1976. I d e n i t y of an e n i g m a t i c Eurycea ( U r o d e l a : P l e t h o d o n t i d a e ) from the G r e a t Smoky Mountains of Tennessee. Herp. Rev. 7:98.

S e v e r , D. M. 1983a. O b s e r v a t i o n s on t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e p r o d u c t i o n of the s a l a ­mander Eui'ycea junaluska i n Tennessee. J . Tenn. Acad. S c i . 58:48-50.

S e v e r , D. M. 1983b. Euryaea jiu-nluska. Cat. Amer. Amphlb. Rept. 321.1-.2. S e v e r , D. M., H. A. Dundee, and C. D. S u l l i v a n . 1976. A new Eurycea (Amphibia:

P l e t h o d o n t i d a e ) from s o u t h w e s t e r n North C a r o l i n a . H e r p e t o l o g i c a 32:26-29.

Departmient o f B i o l o g y , S a i n t M a r y ' s C o l l e g e , N o t r e Dame, I n d i a n a 46556