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Language Information 

Bulgarian alphabet

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Pronunciation 

Most letters in the Bulgarian alphabet stand for just one specific sound. Three letters stand for 

the single expression of combinations of sounds, namely щ (sht), ю (yu), and я (ya). Two

sounds do not correspond to separate letters, but are expressed as the combination of two

letters, namely дж (like j in Jack) and дз (dz). The letter ь is not pronounced, but it softens

(palatalizes) any preceding consonant before the letter о.

Grammar 

Gender 

There are three grammatical genders in Bulgarian: masculine, feminine and neuter. Thegender of the noun can largely be determined according to its ending. The vast majority of 

Bulgarian nouns ending in a consonant (zero ending) are masculine (for example, град

―city‖). Feminine nouns include almost all nouns that have the endings –а/–я (жена

―woman‖), a large group of nouns with zero ending expressing quality, degree or an

abstraction, including all nouns ending on –ост/ –ест (прелест "loveliness"), and another,

much smaller group of irregular nouns with zero ending which define tangible objects or 

concepts (вечер ―evening‖). Nouns ending in –е, –о are almost exclusively neuter (дете

―child‖). The same regards a limited number of loan words ending in –и, –у, and –ю (меню

"menu"). The plural forms of the nouns do not express their gender clearly, although theending –и is more likely to be used with a masculine or feminine noun (факти "facts"), while

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one in –а/–я  belongs more often to a neuter noun (езера "lak es"). Also, plural ending –ове 

occurs only in masculine nouns.

Number 

Two numbers are distinguished in Bulgarian - singular and plural. A variety of pluralsuffixes is used, and the choice between them is partly determined by their ending in singular,

 partly influenced by gender and partly impredictible due to the commonness of exceptions,

irregular declension and alternative plural forms. Words ending in –а/ –я (which are usually

feminine) generally have the plural ending –и, upon dropping of the singular ending. Of 

nouns ending in a consonant, the feminine ones also use –и, whereas the masculine ones

usually have –и for polysyllables and –ове for monosyllables (however, exceptions are

especially common in this group). Nouns ending in –о/ –е (most of which are neuter) use the

suffixes –а, – я (both of which require the dropping of the singular endings) and –та.

With cardinal numbers and related words such as няколко ("several"), masculine nouns use

a separate count form in –а/ –я, which stems from the proto-Slavonic dual: двама/трима ученика (two/three students) versus тези ученици (these students); cf. feminine

две/три/тези жени (two/three/these women) and neuter две/три/тези деца

(two/three/these children). However, a recently developed language norm requires that count

forms should only be used with masculine nouns that do not denote persons. Thus,

двама/трима ученици is perceived as more correct than двама/трима ученика, while the

distinction is retained in cases such as два/три молива (two/three pencils) versus тези

 моливи (these pencils).

Case 

The complex proto-Slavonic case system is almost completely dissolved in modernBulgarian. Vestiges are well preserved only in the personal pronouns and the masculine

 personal interrogative pronoun кой (―who‖), which have nominative, accusative and dative 

forms. Vocative forms are still in use for masculine and feminine nouns (however, not for 

neuter ones), but endings in masculine nouns are determined solely according to the stem-

final consonant of the noun. In all other cases, except for a number of phraseological units

and sayings, the proto-Slavonic case system has been replaced by prepositional and other 

syntactic constructions.

Definiteness (article) 

In modern Bulgarian, definiteness is expressed by a definite article which is postfixed to the

noun (indefinite: човек, ―man‖; definite: човекът, ―the man‖) or the first nominalconstituent of definite noun phrases (indefinite: добър човек, ―a good man‖; definite:

добрият човек, ―the good man‖), much like in the Scandinavian languages or Romanian. 

There are four singular definite articles. Again, the choice between them is largely

determined by the noun's ending in the singular. Nouns that end in a consonant and are

masculine use –ът/ –ят, when they are grammatical subjects, and –а/ –я, when they are

grammatical objects. Nouns that end in a consonant and are feminine, as well as nouns that

end in –а/ –я (most of which are feminine, too) use –та. Nouns that end in –е/ –о use –то.

The plural definite article is –те for all nouns except for those, whose plural form ends in – 

а/ –я; these get –тa instead. When postfixed to adjectives the definite articles are –ят/ –я for 

masculine gender, –та for feminine gender, –то for neuter gender, and –те for plural.

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Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets

Glagolitic  #  Cyrillic  #  Sound  Name 

ⰰ  1  а  1  a  az 

ⰰ  2  б  –   b   buki ⰰ  3  в  2   v    vede 

ⰰ  4  г  3  g  glagoli 

ⰰ  5  д  4  d  dobro 

ⰰ  6  е  5  e   yest 

ⰰ  7  ж  –  ʒ  zhivete 

ⰰ  8  ѕ  6  ʣ  dzelo 

ⰰ  9  з  7  z  zemlya 

ⰰ  10  i,ї  10   j  – 

ⰰ  20  и  8  ɩ  izhe 

ⰰ  30  (ћ)  –  g ʲ  gjerv  

ⰰ  40  к  20  k   kako 

ⰰ  50  л  30  l  lyudye 

ⰰ  60  м  40  m  myslite 

ⰰ  70  н  50  n  nash 

ⰰ  80  о  70  ɔ  оn 

ⰰ  90  п  80  p  pokoi 

ⰰ  100   р  100  r  rətsi 

ⰰ  200  с  200  s  slovo 

ⰰ  300  т  300  t  tvrədo 

ⰰ  400  ѹ,оу  400  u  uk  

ⰰ  500  ф  500  f   frət,fert 

ⰰ  (500)  ѳ  9  θ  fita 

ⰰ  600  х  600  х  her 

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Glagolitic  #  Cyrillic  #  Sound  Name 

ⰰ  700  ѿ  800  o  ot 

ⰰ  800  щ  –   ʃ t  shta 

ⰰ  900  ц  900  ʦ  tsi 

ⰰ  100  ч  90  ʧ   tsha,tshrə v  

ⰰ  –  ш  –   ʃ   sha 

ⰰ  –  ъ  –  ə,ɤ   big er 

ⰰⰰ  –  –  ə,ɨ  ery  

ⰰ  –  ь  –   ʲ  small er 

ⰰ  (800?)  ѣ  –  ê,eª   yat 

ⰰ  –  ю  –   ju  – 

ⰰ  –  я  –   ja  – 

 —   –  ѥ  –   je  – 

ⰰ  –  ѧ  900  ę  small yus 

ⰰ  –  ѫ  –  ą   big yus 

ⰰ  –  ѩ  –   ję   yes 

ⰰ  –  ѭ  –   ją   y əs 

 —   –  ѯ  60  ks  ksi 

 —   –  ѱ  700  ps  psi 

ⰰ  –  ѵ  400   y   izhitsa 

Useful Phrases 

I. Greetings

Zdravey/Zdrasti Hello!/Hi!

Dobro utro Good morning!

Dobar den Good afternoon!

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Dobar vecher Good evening!

Leka nosht Good night!

Dovizhdane/Sbogom (pronounced [ Zbogom]) Goodbye!/Farewell!

Priyatno mi e It is nice to meet you.

Kak si How are you?

Dobre Good/Well

Zle/Losho Bad/Ill

Gore-dolu So-so

II. Basic Conversation 

Da Yes.

 Ne No.

Kak se kazvash What is your name?

Ako obichate Please

Blagodarya Thank you.

Molya You are welcome.

Izvinete/Izvinyavayte Excuse me. (formal)

III. Do You Speak... 

 Ne razbiram I do not understand.

Kak shte kazhesh tova na bulgarski How would you say

this in Bulgarian?.

Govorish li Do you speak...

Angliyski English

Frenski French

 Nemski German

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Ispanski Spanish

Kitayski Chinese

IV. Personal Pronouns 

Az (pronounced [as]) I

Ti You (singular informal)

 Nie We

Vie You (singular formal or plural)

Te They

VI. Numbers 

1 - edno  2 - dve 3 - tree  4 - chetyry 5 - pet  6 - shest 

7 - sedem  8 - osem

9 - devet  10 - deset 11-edynayeset  12 - dvanayset 

13 - trynayset  14 - chetyrynayset 15 - petnayset  16 - shestnayset 17 - sedemnayset  18 - osemnayset 19 - devetnayset  20 - dvayset 30 - tryiset  40 - chetyrset 50 - petdeset 60 - sheyset 70 - sedemdest  80 - osemdeset 90 - devetdest  100 - sto 200 - dvesta  300 - trysta 400 - chetiristotin  500 - petstotin 600 - shestotin  700 - sedemstotin 800 - osemstotin

 900 - devetstotin

 1,000 - hiliyada  2,000 - dve-hiliyadi

5,000 - pet-hiliyadi 10,000 - deset-hiliyadi 20,000 - dvayset-hiliyadi  50,000 - petdeset-hiliyadi

100,000 - sto-hiliyadi 1,000,000 - (edin) million 

V. Family 

Mayka Mother 

Bashta Father 

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Sin Son

Dushterya Daughter 

Supruga Wife

Suprug (pronounced [ supruk ]) Husband

Priyatel Friend (male)

English Phrases  Bulgarian Phrases 

English Greetings  Bulgarian Greetings: 

Hi!  Sdrawei! 

Good morning!  Dobro utro! 

Good evening!  Dobar wecher! 

 Welcome! (to greet someone)  Dobre doshal! 

How are you?  Kak si? 

I'm fine, thanks!  Dobre,mersi! 

 And you?   A ti? 

Good/ So-So.  Dobre./ Biva. 

Thank you (very much)!  Mnogo blagodaria! 

 You're welcome! (for "thank you")  Ti si dobre doshal! (Blagodaria) 

Hey! Friend!  Sdrasti!Priiatel! 

I missed you so much!  Lipswash mi mnogo! 

 What's new? Neshto nowo? 

Nothing much  Ne mnogo. 

Good night!  Leka nosht! 

See you later!  Do po-kasno. 

Good bye!  Chao. 

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English Phrases  Bulgarian Phrases 

 Asking for Help and Directions 

I'm lost  Sagubih se 

Can I help you?  Moje li da Vi pomogna? 

Can you help me?  Moje li da mi pomognete? 

 Where is the (bathroom/ pharmacy)? Kade e (baniata/aptekata)? 

Go straight! then turn left/ right!   Varvete napravo!Posle savivate na liavo/diasno! 

I'm looking for john.  Tarsia John. 

One moment please!  Edin moment,molia. 

Hold on please! (phone)  Pochakaite molia. 

How much is this?  Kolko struva tova? 

Excuse me ...! (to ask for something)  Isvinete... 

Excuse me! ( to pass by)  Isvinete moje li... 

Come with me!  Ela s men. 

Read more: http://www.linguanaut.com/english_bulgarian.htm#ixzz2ijR7boXg 

How to Introduce Yourself  

Do you speak (English/ Bulgarian)?  Govorite li (angliiski/ balgarski)? 

Just a little.  Malko. 

 What's your name?  Kaks se kaswate? 

My name is ...  as se kasvam... 

Mr.../ Mrs.…/ Miss…  Gospodin/ gospoja/ gospojitsa 

Nice to meet you!  Priatno mi e da se saposnaem! 

 You're very kind!   Vie ste mnogo mil/liubesen! 

 Where are you from?  Ot kade ste? 

I'm from (the U.S/ Bulgaria)   AS sam ot (Amerika/ Balgaria). 

I'm (American)   As sam amerikanets. 

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How to Introduce Yourself  

 Where do you live?  Kade jiweete? 

I live in (the U.S/ Balgaria)   As jiweia w (Amerika/ Balgaria). 

Did you like it here?  Hareswa li wi tuka? 

Bulgaria is a wonderful country   Balgaria e welikolepna strana. 

 What do you do for a living?  Kakwo rabotite? 

I work as a (translator/ businessman)   As sam (prewodach/ bisnesmen) 

I like Bulgarian   As hareswam balgarskiiat. 

I've been learning Bulgarian for 1 month  As ucha balgarski ot edin mesets. 

Oh! That's good!  O tova e dobre. 

How old are you?  Na kolko godini ste? 

I'm (twenty, thirty...) years old.   As sam na (dwadeset, trideset...) godini. 

I have to go  Triabva da tragwam. 

I will be right back!  Ste se warna. 

 Wish Someone Something 

Good luck!  Uspeh! 

Happy birthday!  Chestit rojden den! 

Happy new year!  Chestita nova godina! 

Merry Christmas!   Vesela Koleda! 

Congratulations!  Posdrawlenia! 

Enjoy! (for meals...)  Da vi e vkusno! 

I'd like to visit Bulgaria one day   Edin den iskam da posetia Balgaria. 

Say hi to John for me  Posdravi John ot men. 

Bless you (when sneezing)  Nasdrave. 

Good night and sweet dreams!  Leka nosht i sladki sanishta. 

Solving a Misunderstanding 

I'm Sorry! (if you don't hear something)  Sa sajelenie ne vi chuh. 

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How to Introduce Yourself  

Sorry (for a mistake)  Sajaliavam. 

No Problem!  Niama nikakav problem. 

Can You Say It Again?  Moje li da go povtorite. 

Can You Speak Slowly?  Moje li da govorite po-bavno. 

 Write It Down Please!  Molia sapishete. 

I Don't Understand!  Nishto ne rasbrah. 

I Don't Know!  Ne snam 

I Have No Idea.  Niamam nikakva predstava. 

 What's That Called In Bulgarian?  Kak e tova na balgarski? 

 What Does "gato" Mean In English?  Kakvo osnachava "dobre" na angliiski? 

How Do You Say "Please" In Bulgarian?  Kak e "please" na balgarski? 

 What Is This?  Kakvo e tova? 

My Bulgarian is bad.  Balgarskiiat mi e losh. 

I need to practice my Bulgarian  Triabva poveche da si uprajniavam balgaskiiat. 

Don't worry!  Ne se trevoji. 

Bulgarian Expressions and Words 

Good/ Bad/ So-So.  Dobar/ losh/ taka i taka 

Big/ Small  Goliam/malak  

Today/ Now   Dnes/ sega 

Tomorrow/ Yesterday   Utre/ vchera 

 Yes/ No  Da/ ne 

Here you go! (when giving something)  Sapoviadai. 

Do you like it?  Haresvali vi? 

I really like it!  Naistina mi haresva. 

I'm hungry/ thirsty.  Gladen sam./ Jaden sam. 

In The Morning/ Evening/ At Night.  Sutrin/ Vecher/ Pres nochta. 

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How to Introduce Yourself  

This/ That. Here/There  Tova/ Onova. Tuk/ Tam 

Me/ You. Him/ Her.  Men/ Ti. Nego/ Neia 

Really!  Naistina li? 

Look!   Vij! 

Hurry up!  Pobarsai. 

 What? Where?  Kakvo?Kade? 

 What time is it?  Kolko e chasat? 

It's 10 o'clock. 07:30pm.  Deset chasa e. Sedem i polovina e. 

Give me this!  Dai mi tova. 

I love you!  Obicham te. 

I feel sick.  Bolen sam. 

I need a doctor  Triabva, mi, lekar. 

One, Two, Three  edno, dve, tri 

Four, Five, Six  chetiri, pet, shest 

Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten  sedem,osem,devet,deset 

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