BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD 61303 / ARC 3413]

PROJECT 2: Integration Project

PETALING STREETCOMMUNITY LIBRARY

NAME: EUNICE CHAN YU MING

STUDENT ID: 0315729

TUTOR: MR SIVA

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 Graffiti Wall Painting Area1.1 Daylight Factor Analysis 3-5

1.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal 6-8

1.3 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Light of Interiors) 9

2.0 Study Lounge1.1 Daylight Factor Analysis 10-11

1.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal 12-14

1.3 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Light of Interiors) 15

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1.0 Graffiti Wall Painting Area

1.1 Daylight Factor Analysis

Daylight Factor is the ratio between the actual illuminance at a point inside a room and the illuminance possible from an unobstructed hemisphere of the same sky.

DF = (EiEo

) x 100

WhereDF = Daylight factor at a chosen reference point in the room (percent)Ei = Illuminance at the reference point (lx)Eo = Illiminance at the point if the sky was unobstructed (lx)

Table 1 Recommended Daylight Factor by MS1525

Zone DF, % DistributionVery Bright >6 Very bright with thermal & glare problem

Bright 3~6 GoodAverage 1~3 Fair

Dark 0~1 Poor

Natural IlluminationIlluminance Example120,000 lux Brightest sunlight110,000 lux Bright sunlight20,000 lux Shaded illuminated by entire clear blue sky

1000-200 lux Typical overcast day, midday< 200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday400 lux Sunrise or sunset on clear day40 lux Fully overcast, sunset/ sunrise< 1 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/ sunrise

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Graffiti Wall Painting Area

The selected area is the Graffiti Wall Painting Area on the first floor, located at the rear of the building facing the back lane. The floor height of this space is 3.3 meters. This space aims to provide maximum day lighting during the day.

Figure 1: First Floor Plan indicating the location of the workshop

Floor Area (m2) 200 m2

Area of opening exposed to sunlight (m2) Parameter: (1.4m x 5) + 12m = 19mHeight: 3.3mArea: (1.4m x 3.3m) x 5 = 23.1m2

19m x 3.3m = 62.7m2

23.1m2 + 62.7m2 = 85.8m2

Daylight Factor, DF= 85.8m

2

196.92m2 x 100%

= 42.9% x 0.1= 4.29%

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External = 20 000 lux (Clear Sky)

DF = EiEo

x 100%

4.29% = Ei

20000 x 100%

Ei = 858 lux

Figure 2: Daylight contour of Graffiti Painting Area

The graffiti painting room has a daylight factor of 4.29% and natural illumination of 858 lux. Based on the requirement of Malaysia Standard 1525, the distribution of daylight factor of this space is good, however, this space has an illumination level of 858 lux, and it has exceeded the MS 1525 standard requirement, which is 300.

Hence, this particular area is designed with openings of a row of wooden sliding shutter. The sliding shutters are designed to maximize natural daylight into the space and can be operated manually when the user feels discomfort of the glare.

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Figure 3: Rear Elevation showing façade design (wooden sliding shutter) of the community library

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1.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal

Artificial lighting is important in this area in order to produce a comfortable vision for painters during night time. According to the study Room Illumination Level, 2016 and MS 1525, the standard lux level for an exhibits that are insensitive to light is 300.

Fixtures Properties

Types of Fixture

3in LED Light Kit

Figure 4: LED light

Power Method HardwireWattage 20Lumens 2000lmKelvin Color Temperature 3000KColor Temperature Warm WhiteWidth x Height x Length (m) 0.14 x 0.12 x 0.32

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Lumen Method Calculation

Dimension of room (L x W) 10m x 20mFloor Area (A) 200m2

Height of Ceiling (m) 3.3mLumen (lux) 365lmHeight of Luminaire (m) 3.3Height of Work Level (m) 0.8Mounting Height (Hm) 2.5Reflection Factor Ceiling: 0.7

Wall: 0.5Floor: 0.2

Room Index/RI (K)(LxW )

(L+W ) x hm

(10mx 20m)(10m+20m ) x2.5m

=2.67Utilization Factor (UF) 0.65Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8 (standard)Number of lamp required

N ¿E x A

F xUF xMF

N ¿ 300 x 200m2

365lm x 0.65 x 0.8

= 57.69= 58 bulbs

Spacing to height ratio (SHR)

SHR = 1Hm √ AN

SHR = 12.5m √ 200m258

= 0.74

SHR = S2.5m = 0.74

S = 1.85

Fitting Layout Fitting Required along 10m and 20m wall10m1.85m = 5.4 20m1.85m = 10.81

≈ 5 ≈ 11Therefore, 5 x 11= 55 bulbs (less than 58 bulbs)To achieved the recommended MS 1525 Painting Area Illumination Level of 300lux

x- spacing required for 20m wall is 2011= 1.8m

y- spacing required for 10m wall is 105 = 2m

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Light Fitting Layout

Figure 5: Proposed luminaires fitting layout

In a nutshell, the graffiti painting area is arranged with 11 rows of 5 LED light to archive the requirement of 300 lux as stated in MS1525, with the sufficient level of illumination, it allows user to have better visual experience and paint comfortably during night time.

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1.3 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Light of Interiors)

Figure 6: Proposed luminaires fitting layout with switch arrangement

Based on the calculation and light contour analysis, the painting room has a good day lighting factor of 4.29%, although this space is slightly bigger than the other space, it can still receive sufficient amount of daylight from the big and long opening. Hence, the calculation shows that the area requires total of 55 luminaires.

The painting room can be controlled using 3 switches. Switch 1 and switch 3 control the first and last row that are facing the front window as well as glazing that are facing the open internal courtyard simultaneously. Both of the switches are nearer towards the daylight, therefore Switch 1 and 3 can be switch off individually during daytime to save cost. Switch 2 controls all three rows in the middle that are often dimmer even during daytime.

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2.0 Study Lounge

2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis

The selected area is study lounge located at the front part of the second floor. The floor height of this area is 3.3 meters, this space fully exposed and receive direct penetration sunlight during daytime.

Figure 7: Second floor plan indicating the location of Study Lounge

Floor Area (m2) 92.42 m2

Area of opening exposed to sunlight (m2) Parameter: (1.4m x 5) = 7mHeight: 3.3mArea: 7m x 3.3m = 23.1m2

Daylight Factor, DF= 23.1m

2

92.42m2 x 100%

= 25% x 0.1= 2.5%

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External = 20 000 lux (Clear Sky)

DF = EiEo

x 100%

2.5% = Ei

20000 x 100%

Ei = 500 lux

Figure 8: Daylight contour of Study Lounge

The study lounge has a daylight factor of 2.5% after calculation. Based on the calculation, the daylight factor of this area is average as the optimum zone is around 3 to 6%. However, the natural illuminance level obtained is 500 lux which is slightly higher than the standard values.

Opening should be distributed evenly as the front part of this area shows a huge contrast as compared to the back which is too dim. Furthermore, diffuse roof can be applied to this area to avoid sunlight from directly shone into the study lounge.

Figure 9: Roof design to diffuse direct sunlight

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2.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal

It is essential to have efficient light sources in a reading area to ensure the visual quality of user. According to the study Room Illumination Level, 2016 and MS 1525, the required lux level for a study area is 300-500.

Fixtures Properties

Types of Fixture

LED Mount Light Fixture

Figure 10: LED light

Power Method HardwireWattage 12.5Lumens 964lmKelvin Color Temperature 2700KColour Temperature Warm WhiteColour Rendering Index 90Width x Height 0.25 x 0.03

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Lumen Method Calculation

Dimension of room (L x W) 16m x 5.776mFloor Area (A) 92.42m2

Height of Ceiling (m) 3.3mLumen (lux) 964lmHeight of Luminaire (m) 3.3Height of Work Level (m) 0.8Mounting Height (Hm) 2.5Reflection Factor Ceiling: 0.7

Wall: 0.5Floor: 0.2

Room Index/RI (K)(LxW )

(L+W ) x hm

(16mx 5.776m)(16m+5.776m ) x2.5m

=1.7Utilization Factor (UF) 0.62Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8 (standard)Number of lamp required

N ¿E x A

F xUF xMF

N ¿ 300x 92.42m2

964 lm x0.62 x0.8

= 57.99= 58 bulbs

Spacing to height ratio (SHR)

SHR = 1Hm √ AN

SHR = 12.5m √ 92.42m258

= 0.5

SHR = S2.5m = 0.5

S = 1.25

Fitting Layout Fitting Required along 10m and 20m wall16m1.25m = 12.8 5.776m1.25m = 4.6

≈ 13 ≈ 5 Therefore, 13 x 5= 65 bulbs (more than 58 bulbs)To achieved the recommended MS 1525 study room’s Illumination Level of 300lux

x- spacing required for 16m wall is 1613= 1.2m

y- spacing required for 5.776m wall is 5.7765 = 1.2m

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Light Fitting Layout

Figure 11: Proposed luminaires fitting layout

With the aid of the calculation and approximation of the fitting layout, the luminaires of the study lounge are arranged into 5 rows of 13 LED ceiling mount light, which in total a 65 luminaires to be installed. This study lounge are able to meet the requirement of 300-500 lux as stated in MS1525 with the support of the artificial light.

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2.3 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Light of Interiors)

Figure 12: Proposed luminaires fitting layout with switch arrangement for study lounge

Based on the daylight contour above, the study lounge has a bad light distribution throughout the area, daylight is focused on the front part, and rear of space is dim. Moreover, this space has an average daylight factor of 2.5%, which mean this space did not receives sufficient daylight from the opening.

Therefore, by applying the PSALI principles, the luminaries are divided into three switches. It is straightforward, as switch 1 and switch 2 are in charging of the first two rows, the rest are controlled by switch 3.

During the day, the light will more likely concentrate at the front of the study lounge, hence, switch 1 can be turned off whereas switch 2 and 3 can be turned on to illuminate areas that are dim and further away. Switch 2 can be turn off when daylight is too strong leaving switch 1 to illuminate the space.

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