building resilient society with seismic isolation · 2016 mw7.8 ecuador earthquake: relevance to...

Building Resilient SocietyBuilding Resilient Societywithwith

Seismic IsolationSeismic Isolation

Anoop S. Mokha, Ph.D., S.E.Vice-President

Earthquake Protection SystemsCalifornia, USA

Building Resilient SocietyBuilding Resilient Societywithwith


Anoop S. Mokha, Ph.D., S.E.Vice-President

Earthquake Protection SystemsCalifornia, USA

The Problem:The Problem:

Building codesBuilding codes

(Conventional &(Conventional & IIsolated Structures)solated Structures)

allow seismic damage and someallow seismic damage and some

collapses.collapses.

The Problem:The Problem:

Building codesBuilding codes

(Conventional &(Conventional & IIsolated Structures)solated Structures)

allow seismic damage and someallow seismic damage and some

collapses.collapses.

Damaged Hospital : Patients In Street, Mexico

Damaged Bridges

Damaged to

Storage Tanks

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign CriteriaDesign Criteria

Limit seismic damage toLimit seismic damage toArchitectural, NonArchitectural, Non--Structural, &Structural, &

StructureStructureto less than 2% of theto less than 2% of the

replacement costs.replacement costs.

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign CriteriaDesign Criteria

Limit seismic damage toLimit seismic damage toArchitectural, NonArchitectural, Non--Structural, &Structural, &

StructureStructureto less than 2% of theto less than 2% of the

replacement costs.replacement costs.

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign ObjectivesDesign ObjectivesMinimize Earthquake DamageMinimize Earthquake Damage

Minimize Economic LossesMinimize Economic Losses

Achieve Seismic Resilient FacilitiesAchieve Seismic Resilient Facilities

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign ObjectivesDesign ObjectivesMinimize Earthquake DamageMinimize Earthquake Damage

Minimize Economic LossesMinimize Economic Losses

Achieve Seismic Resilient FacilitiesAchieve Seismic Resilient Facilities

Seismic Design OptionsSeismic Design Options

1) Ductile Structures1) Ductile Structures

2) Stronger Structures2) Stronger Structures

3) Code Compliant Seismic Isolation3) Code Compliant Seismic Isolation

4) Continued Functionality Seismic Isolation4) Continued Functionality Seismic Isolation

Seismic Design OptionsSeismic Design Options

1) Ductile Structures1) Ductile Structures

2) Stronger Structures2) Stronger Structures



Learning From Recent EarthquakesLearning From Recent Earthquakes

New Zealand and ChileNew Zealand and Chilecodes require higher seismiccodes require higher seismicdesign forces than the USA.design forces than the USA.

Learning From Recent EarthquakesLearning From Recent Earthquakes

New Zealand and ChileNew Zealand and Chilecodes require higher seismiccodes require higher seismicdesign forces than the USA.design forces than the USA.

AA Magnitude 6.3 EarthquakeMagnitude 6.3 EarthquakeOccurred at ChristchurchOccurred at Christchurch

New Zealand in 2011New Zealand in 2011

185 People Killed185 People Killed

2 Buildings Collapsed2 Buildings Collapsed

1200 Buildings Demolished1200 Buildings Demolished$30 Billion in Economic Loss$30 Billion in Economic Loss

AA Magnitude 6.3 EarthquakeMagnitude 6.3 EarthquakeOccurred at ChristchurchOccurred at Christchurch

New Zealand in 2011New Zealand in 2011

185 People Killed185 People Killed


1200 Buildings Demolished1200 Buildings Demolished$30 Billion in Economic Loss$30 Billion in Economic Loss

New Zealand 2011

Chile 2010 EarthquakeChile 2010 Earthquake


10,000 Buildings Demolished10,000 Buildings Demolished$30 Billion Economic Loss$30 Billion Economic Loss

Chile 2010 EarthquakeChile 2010 Earthquake


10,000 Buildings Demolished10,000 Buildings Demolished$30 Billion Economic Loss$30 Billion Economic Loss

Chile 2010

In societies having modern seismic codes,In societies having modern seismic codes,for every building that collapses, there arefor every building that collapses, there are

over 100 other buildings having noover 100 other buildings having nosignificant structural damage, but theysignificant structural damage, but they

cannot function due to noncannot function due to non--structural andstructural andcontent damage.content damage.

In societies having modern seismic codes,In societies having modern seismic codes,for every building that collapses, there arefor every building that collapses, there are

over 100 other buildings having noover 100 other buildings having nosignificant structural damage, but theysignificant structural damage, but they

cannot function due to noncannot function due to non--structural andstructural andcontent damage.content damage.

Olive View Hospital, California, 1971

Olive View Hospital, California, 1994No Structural Damage after the Northridge Earthquake.

Non-Structural Damage, 1994 Northridge EQ

Storage Racks, 1994 Northridge

Code CompliantCode CompliantSeismic Performance CriteriaSeismic Performance Criteria

“Ensure structure safety(?) to protect the“Ensure structure safety(?) to protect thelives of persons inside or on the structures.”lives of persons inside or on the structures.”

“Preventing damage or economic losses is“Preventing damage or economic losses isnot the intent of the code provisions.”not the intent of the code provisions.”

Code CompliantCode CompliantSeismic Performance CriteriaSeismic Performance Criteria

“Ensure structure safety(?) to protect the“Ensure structure safety(?) to protect thelives of persons inside or on the structures.”lives of persons inside or on the structures.”

“Preventing damage or economic losses is“Preventing damage or economic losses isnot the intent of the code provisions.”not the intent of the code provisions.”

Worldwide,Worldwide,structures that suffer severestructures that suffer severe

seismic damage do notseismic damage do notsatisfy owner expectations.satisfy owner expectations.

Worldwide,Worldwide,structures that suffer severestructures that suffer severe

seismic damage do notseismic damage do notsatisfy owner expectations.satisfy owner expectations.

Owners ExpectationsOwners Expectationsafter an Earthquake.after an Earthquake.

Facility to Remain Functional toFacility to Remain Functional toServe Intended FunctionServe Intended Function

Revenue Source UnRevenue Source Un--InterruptedInterrupted

Owners ExpectationsOwners Expectationsafter an Earthquake.after an Earthquake.

Facility to Remain Functional toFacility to Remain Functional toServe Intended FunctionServe Intended Function

Revenue Source UnRevenue Source Un--InterruptedInterrupted

Seismic Isolation Design OptionsSeismic Isolation Design Options



Seismic Isolation Design OptionsSeismic Isolation Design Options



Will code compliantseismically isolated structuressatisfy owner expectations?

.

Will code compliantseismically isolated structuressatisfy owner expectations?

.

Trans-European Motorway, Bolu TurkeyNew Code Compliant Seismically Isolated HighwayNearly Collapsed during the 1999 Turkey Earthquake

Trans-European Motorway, Turkey 1999 EarthquakeBridge Girders Are Not Supported On The Piers

Trans-European Motorway, Lateral Shift Damage, 1999 Turkey

Broken Energy Dissipation Units Girders Slid Off Bearings

All Energy Dissipation Units Broken

Friction Pendulum Bearings designed and manufactured by EPS,were used to retrofit the damaged viaduct, and for the design and

construction of three new Trans-European Motorway viaduct sections.

Seismic isolation is a designapproach, not a performance level.

The seismic performance resultsfrom the design criteria selected.

Seismic isolation is a designapproach, not a performance level.

The seismic performance resultsfrom the design criteria selected.

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalitySeismic DesignSeismic Design

1) Absorb seismic displacements in bearings1) Absorb seismic displacements in bearings

2) Design structures elastically2) Design structures elastically

3) Limit structure drifts3) Limit structure drifts

4) Reduce in4) Reduce in--structure accelerationsstructure accelerations

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalitySeismic DesignSeismic Design

1) Absorb seismic displacements in bearings1) Absorb seismic displacements in bearings

2) Design structures elastically2) Design structures elastically

3) Limit structure drifts3) Limit structure drifts

4) Reduce in4) Reduce in--structure accelerationsstructure accelerations

FEMA 58 is aFEMA 58 is amethodology andmethodology andcomputer programcomputer programthat calculates expectedthat calculates expectedearthquake damage forearthquake damage forbuildings.buildings.

FEMA 58 is the resultFEMA 58 is the resultof 20 years of Federalof 20 years of FederalFunding.Funding.

FEMA 58 is aFEMA 58 is amethodology andmethodology andcomputer programcomputer programthat calculates expectedthat calculates expectedearthquake damage forearthquake damage forbuildings.buildings.

FEMA 58 is the resultFEMA 58 is the resultof 20 years of Federalof 20 years of FederalFunding.Funding.

1) Design structure elastically using an R=11) Design structure elastically using an R=1

2) Maximum structure drifts less than 0.3%2) Maximum structure drifts less than 0.3%

3) Median floor spectra accelerations less than 0.4g3) Median floor spectra accelerations less than 0.4g

Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign Criteria forDesign Criteria for

REDiREDi PlatinumPlatinum1) Design structure elastically using an R=11) Design structure elastically using an R=1

2) Maximum structure drifts less than 0.3%2) Maximum structure drifts less than 0.3%

3) Median floor spectra accelerations less than 0.4g3) Median floor spectra accelerations less than 0.4g

EPS Manufacturing Capacity : Over 800 tons per month

Who has usedWho has used

Continued FunctionalityContinued Functionality


Who has usedWho has used

Continued FunctionalityContinued Functionality


Apple Headquarters, 400,000 Square Meters

Exxon Offshore Platform, Russia

Texas Instruments Manufacturing Facility150,000 Square Meters

Shell Offshore Platform, Russia

San Francisco General Hospital

Canadian Government Bridge

Mexican Government Building

Equador Bahia Bridge – EPS Continued Functionality DesignNo Damage During April 16, 2016 Mag 7.8 Earthquake

New Zealand FactoryEPS Seismic Bearings

29,729,7

Taiwan Condominiums - EPS Seismic Bearings

Taiwan Performing Arts Center,EPS Seismic Bearings

Japan Priceless Artifacts – EPS Seismic Bearings

US $1 Billion George Lucas Museum – Los AngelesContinued Functionality with Triple Pendulum Bearing

US $1.9 Billion Space Shuttle EndeavorProtected with Multi-Stage Friction Pendulum Bearing

IPCU Okemedani Hospital,200,000 Square Meters

Basaksehir Hospital Facility, Turkey10 Million square feet

IPCU Lutfi Kirdar Hospital,300,000 Square Meters

Adana Hospital, Turkey550,000 Square Meters

Stanford University Hospital

Mills Peninsula Hospital, CaliforniaEPS Seismic Bearings

IPCU Goztepe Hospital200,000 Square Meters

FEMA 58 Calculations of Seismic Damage (US $)for

Goztepe Hospital Using Different Isolation Bearings

Probability of BeingExceeded in 50 Years:EQ RecurrenceInterval

Triple PendulumBearings

Single PendulumBearings, SameBuilding

CodeCompliantBearings, SameBuilding

Same BuildingWithout SeismicIsolation Bearings

90%: 22 year return $162,000 $797,000 $2,647,00090%: 22 year return $162,000 $797,000 $2,647,000 $5,782,000

50%: 75 year return $1,224,000 $3,800,000 $10,193,000 $25,143,000

10%: 475 year return $3,776,000 $8,832,000 $16,365,000 $166,376,000

2%: 2475 year return $6,228,000 $10,341,000 $34,970,000 $196,717,000

LNG Tank Construction, Chile 2008

2 Chile Liquid Natural Gas TanksUndamaged By Magnitude 8.8 Earthquake

2 Mexican Liquid Natural Gas Tanks

2 Peru Liquid Natural Gas Tanks

3 Greece Liquid Natural Gas Tanks

Title ofYourTalk

Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City

May 30, 2017Safe and UnsafeSafe and UnsafeSeismically Isolated StructuresSeismically Isolated Structures

AnoopAnoop S.S. MokhaMokha, Ph.D., S.E., Ph.D., S.E.ViceVice--President, Earthquake Protection SystemsPresident, Earthquake Protection Systems

Vallejo, CaliforniaVallejo, California

Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure

EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium

AnoopAnoop S.S. MokhaMokha, Ph.D., S.E., Ph.D., S.E.ViceVice--President, Earthquake Protection SystemsPresident, Earthquake Protection Systems

Vallejo, CaliforniaVallejo, California

20162016 MMww7.8 Ecuador7.8 Ecuador EarthquakeEarthquakeNew York City, 5/30/17New York City, 5/30/17

Title ofYourTalk


May 30, 2017Codes Basic ObjectiveCodes Basic Objective::

ConventionalConventional & Isolated& Isolated StructuresStructures

“Life“Life--Safety” or “Collapse Prevention”Safety” or “Collapse Prevention”

Codes Problem: Isolated StructuresCodes Problem: Isolated Structures

Basic Objective : NOT SATISFIEDBasic Objective : NOT SATISFIED

Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures

Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City

May 30, 2017



Codes Basic ObjectiveCodes Basic Objective::

ConventionalConventional & Isolated& Isolated StructuresStructures

“Life“Life--Safety” or “Collapse Prevention”Safety” or “Collapse Prevention”

Codes Problem: Isolated StructuresCodes Problem: Isolated Structures

Basic Objective : NOT SATISFIEDBasic Objective : NOT SATISFIED

Title ofYourTalk


May 30, 2017



May 30, 2017ASCE 7-16, Section 1.3.1

“Building and other structures, and all parts thereof, shall be designed andconstructed with adequate strength and stiffness to provide structural stability”



Title ofYourTalk


May 30, 2017



May 30, 2017



Title ofYourTalk


May 30, 2017



May 30, 2017



No Damage to Bahai Bridge During the April 16, 2016 Mag 7.8 Equador Earthquake

Title ofYourTalk


May 30, 2017



May 30, 2017



Pier 12 Bearing After 7.8 EarthquakeBahai Bridge - Ecuador

Bahai Bridge – Ecuador Triple BearingShear Capacity Test at EPS

Title ofYourTalk


May 30, 2017



May 30, 2017



Title ofYourTalk


May 30, 2017Solution:Solution:

URGENT Safety Changes in CodesURGENT Safety Changes in Codes

In Absence:In Absence:

Provide in Isolation Bearings Minimum:Provide in Isolation Bearings Minimum:1.51.5 DtmDtm & 2.0 MCE Shear capacities& 2.0 MCE Shear capacities

to achieveto achieveminimum 10% Probability of Collapseminimum 10% Probability of Collapse



May 30, 2017



Solution:Solution:

URGENT Safety Changes in CodesURGENT Safety Changes in Codes

In Absence:In Absence:

Provide in Isolation Bearings Minimum:Provide in Isolation Bearings Minimum:1.51.5 DtmDtm & 2.0 MCE Shear capacities& 2.0 MCE Shear capacities

to achieveto achieveminimum 10% Probability of Collapseminimum 10% Probability of Collapse

Title ofYourTalk


May 30, 2017



May 30, 2017



Title ofYourTalk


May 30, 2017



Testing of Seismic Isolation Bearings

• Prototype Testing

• Quality Control

Testing of Seismic Isolation Bearings

• Prototype Testing

• Quality Control

Prototype Testing of Isolation Bearings

ASCE 7 Requires Prototype Testing of Full-Scale Bearingsduring Design Phase (and NOT during Construction)

ASCE 7 Requires Dynamic Prototype Testing

Prototype Tests should include

Shear Load Capacity Tests

Vertical Load Capacity Tests

Uplift Displacement Capacity Tests

Quality Control Testing of Bearings

100% QC Testing VERY IMPORTANT

100% QC Testing Required by AASHTO & ASCE 7-16

When Testing is Required for 100% of ColumnMaterials (Steel or Concrete), then Why IsolationBearings which support Column Loads are EitherNot Tested or Tested to Certain Percentage (20%)?

EPS Large Scale Dynamic Test Machine

DYNAMIC OF TRIPLE PENDULUM BEARING

EPS Dynamic Quality Control Test, Triple Pendulum Bearing

5-Story Full-Scale Building Isolated with 9 Full-ScaleTriple Pendulum Bearings with 1 m Displacement Capacity

E-Defense Shake Table, Japan

Triple Pendulum Shake Table TestsE-Defense NEES TIPS

Important Considerations - Seismic Isolation

Safety

Manufacturer Qualifications

100% Production Bearings Dynamic QC Testing

Seismic Performance – “Continued Functionality”

Safety

Manufacturer Qualifications

100% Production Bearings Dynamic QC Testing

Seismic Performance – “Continued Functionality”

Thank YouThank You

for considering EPSfor considering EPS

Continued FunctionalityContinued Functionality --

Seismic Isolation DesignSeismic Isolation Designforfor

Resilient StructuresResilient Structures

Thank YouThank You

for considering EPSfor considering EPS

Continued FunctionalityContinued Functionality --

Seismic Isolation DesignSeismic Isolation Designforfor

Resilient StructuresResilient Structures

building resilient society with seismic isolation · 2016 mw7.8 ecuador earthquake: relevance to...

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