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Building on a Tradition of Excellence Chapter 2

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I. Learning from the past A.Child care practices from the past are linked to the present. B. This matters because it affects how children are treated and educated.

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C. Children have be viewed as: 1. miniature adults 2. born in sin 3. blank slates 4. innocent 5. Economically valuable 6. Competent 7. Citizens with rights Write 3 that surprised you.

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D.These views can have negative and positive consequences for childrens lives. Examples: Come up with your own example of a negative and/or a positive consequence for one of these. Children are miniature adults. Negative: elementary school girls wearing clothing that is too adult, too sexy, too soon. Children are born in sin. Negative: *Misbehavior was a sin to be punished harshly. *Today adults may believe that young children deliberately misbehave and should be punished

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II. People who have influenced early childhood education A. John Locke: English philosopher in 1600s. * Children not born with predetermined sinful nature. *Born a blank slate *slate filled by environment Draw something to help you remember John Locke

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B. Jean-jacques Rousseau French philospher during 1700s * children born good rather than evil *have inherit abilities to build on *first to believe that children go through developmental stages Draw something to help you remember Rousseau

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C. John Comenius minister during 1600s *teaching should not be punitive *children should learn in own language not Latin *wrote first published childrens picture book Draw something to help you remember Comenius.

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D. Johann Pestalozzi Swiss educator in 1700- 1800s *teachers of children should study child development *Whole child point of view-their hand, heart, and head (all areas of development) Draw something to help you remember Pestalozzi

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E. Friedrich Froebel 1700-1800s, father of kindergarten, major impact on education in US. *Children had learning stages * emphasized free play *Gifts- concrete materials for children to explore and manipulate Draw something that helps you remember Froebel

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F. Maria Montessori 1800-1900s, Italian physician, worked with poor children in slums of Rome *Children develop naturally in organized environment *Do not need external rewards/encouragement *major contributions: developed learning materials, impacted organization of early childhood environments Draw something to help you remember Montessori

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G. John Dewey 1800-1900s, philosophy professor *focus on child centered curriculum *learning based on what teachers know about children *Choose right curriculum to further childrens education Draw something to help you remember Dewey

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III. Other Influences on Early Childhood Education A. The competent child: 1. In the US, scientific study of children and how they learn began in the 1900s. 2. This lead to the concept of the competent child. 3. Children were viewed as active players in their own development and learning.

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B.The Nursery School Movement 1. Colleges established lab schools to study child development 2. Lead to field of early childhood education 3. Nursery Schools became todays preschools Write one fact that is interesting to you

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3. Patty Hill, early pioneer in the field, believed in learning for 4-6 year olds and their parents 4. Caroline Pratt, early pioneer in the field, believed educational experiences for poor children could help transform society.

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5. Lucy Sprague Mitchell- early pioneer, focused on scientific measurement of stages of development, founded Bank Street College

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6. Progressive Education Movement: Effort to reform schooling for the first 3 grades and make it more democratic. DAP has its roots in this movement.

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7. Bank Street Approach- emphasized Developmentally Appropriate Practices and experiences with the environment and people as the best way for children to learn. DAP is going to be your new favorite word. We are going to talk about it a lot!!!!!

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C. Kindergarten Movement in the United States 1.Margarethe Schurtz founded first US kindergarten, it was German speaking 2.Elizabeth Peabody founded first English speaking kindergarten 3.Susan Blow expanded the US kindergarten movement

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D.The Child Care Movement 1. Grew out of two things: *welfare efforts for poor families during the depression (WPA nurseries) *support for working parents(Lanham Act) during WWII. Write 1 interesting fact

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E. Head Start 1. Started by President Johnson in the 1960s as part of his war on poverty. 2. Promotes parent and child involvement 3. Has a Bank Street educational program Curriculum based on individual childs development DAP

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F. Other Cultures: not all cultures view early childhood education the same way. *The African Culture promotes childhood training as valuable for the childs family and community not just for the child alone.