building automation & controls

Building Automation and Controls: What’s New and What Will the Future Bring?

Presented to the Illinois Chapter ASHRAETuesday, March 9, 2010

By Gaylen AtkinsonPresident

Atkinson Electronics

Building Automation & Controls March 9, 2010

BUILDING AUTOMATION &

CONTROLS,

WHAT’S NEW & WHAT WILL THE

FUTURE BRING?

PRESENTER: GAYLEN ATKINSONPRESIDENT

ATKINSON ELECTRONICS, INC.SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH

March 2010

1. Basic control definitions2. Brief history of HVAC Controls &

Building Automation Systems(BAS)

3. Current BAS issues and trends4. What does the BAS future look

like?

BUILDING AUTOMATION & CONTROLS,

WHAT’S NEW & WHAT WILL THE

FUTURE BRING?

Reduce equipment capacity to maintaindesired ambient conditions, temperature,% RH, pressure, etc.

Reduce the amount of human labor needed.

Keep processes operating at safe levels.

Operate process to maintain environmentusing the least amount of energy possible.


PURPOSES OF CONTROLS


Controlled variable = Y

Control Set point = X

Controlled medium = water or air

Controlled device = valve or damper motor

Proportional band = 1/gain

Control action may be direct or reverse(positive or negative slope)

DDC = Direct Digital Control using microprocessors or computers.


BASIC CONTROL DRFINITIONS

Feed forward or open loop.

Feed back or closed loop.

Two position: (on – off).

Timed two position: ie heat anticipator T’s stat.

3-point floating: increase, decrease or stop,also step & wait w/ micro processor.

Proportional (0 to 10VDC, 4-20mA and 3 to 15 PSI

P – Proportional only

PI – Proportional + Integral

PID – Proportional + Integral + Derivative

TYPES OF CONTROL

Control Systems During the 1950’s & 1960’s

• Reasonably Accurate Pneumatic Sensors &Controllers

• Fairly Comfortable Environmental Conditions

1960’s:

• Improved System Design & Performance (VAV)• Proliferation of Sensor/Receiver-Controller

Concept• Pneumatic Control Systems Are Industry

“Norm.”

1950’s:


1970’s:

• Micro-Chip Analog Electronic Control &Computerized Energy ManagementSystems

• Initial Computer Based Systems WereCostly & Performed Minimal ControlFunctions; Typically Only MonitoredPneumatic Control Systems

Control Systems During the 1970’s

1980’s:

• Pneumatic systems continue• Microprocessor based panels with high

density inputs & outputs• Introduction of “Smart” Controllers• Proliferation of Application-Specific DDC

Control Modules• Higher System Capability Per $ Investment


1990’s:

• Electronic systems replace pneumatics• Open Protocols Introduced

•BACnet•LON

• World Wide Web Becomes Popular



2000’s:

• Internet Dominates BAS systems• Wireless Technologies proliferate• Smart Building Systems• Full Building integration• Future ????

Control Systems 2000 & Beyond

CURRENT BAS ISSUES &

TRENDS:

Proprietary and open protocols.

PROTOCOL - PROPERTIES

Proprietary – individually controlled

Shared – Strategic alliances

Open – General use

Defacto Standard – Industry accepted

(e.g. Ethernet, Modbus, IP, etc.)

Standard – Agency/Association Approved

(e.g. Lontalk, Bacnet, Arcnet, etc.)


WHY OPEN PROTOCOL

THAT’S WHY !

LEVELS OF

INTEROPERABILITY Coexistance

Systems don’t interfere nor they cooperate Solution Specific

Requires Joint development & Engineering Plug & Play

Effortless integration of various manufacturingcomponents

Interchangeability Products are functionally identical



TRENDS:

Proprietary and open protocols.

DDC control hardware is becoming acommodity

A BAS is usually part of a buildinginformation systems (I.S.) backbone

Integration to the internet is a given

Application

Controller(s)

System

Controller(s)

Open

Front-End

Internet

BAS Salesman

Proprietary

Front-End

Building Engineer

INTERNET INTEGRATION

Building Manager

Owner

Controls Contractor


TRENDS: Proprietary and open protocols.

DDC control hardware is becoming a commodity

A BAS is usually part of a building informationsystems (I.S.) backbone

Integration to the internet is a given

Control contractors are now system integrators

Software not hardware is the heart of today’s BASsystems


CURRENT BAS ISSUES AND TRENDSCONT’D:

New section 2300 replaces division 15 ofspecifications

BAS have the capacity and are being usedfor much more than just control

FULL BAS

INTEGRATION

Internet

Network

Manager

Network

Manager

WiFi Wireless

Ethernet

Ethernet

Fire/Smoke

Control HVAC System

Lighting Controls

Irrigation &

Water Management

Electrical

Controls

Security

Card Access

Terminal Units

Central Plant

AHU’s

Rate Purchase

Alternate Energy

UPS

LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION


CURRENT BAS ISSUES AND TRENDSCONT’D:



Wireless is expanding rapidly

WIRELESS BAS

INTEGRATIONS: Point to Point (sensor to VAV box)

WIFI for using a laptop for commissioning

MESH wireless networks

Cellular modems on BAS equipment

Zigbee, RFID, etc.

CURRENT BAS ISSUES AND TRENDS

CONT’D:




Power and control communications on thesame wire is emerging


SAME-WIRE POWER &

CONTROL Simple 120VAC light switching

Powerline data communication

24VAC power & network traffic for HVACactuators and sensors

Utility metering & add-on services

Home automation

CURRENT BAS ISSUES AND TRENDS CONT’D:

New section 2300 replaces division 15

BAS have the capacity and are being used for muchmore than just control


Power and control communications on the same wireis emerging

Internet user expectations drive BAS features Full control systems are coming with HVAC

mechanical equipment BAS must integrate with user’s management computer

systems, there are many users, not just the buildingengineers

Application

Controller(s)

System

Controller(s)

Open

Front-End

Internet

BAS Salesman

Proprietary

Front-End

Building Engineer

INTERNET INTEGRATION

Building Manager

Owner

Controls Contractor


BAS ISSUES AND TRENDS

CONT’D:

Knowledge of how to control HVAC and integratemuch more important than any vendor’s system

Web services such as weather, technical data base anddata processors are more common

Commissioning, monitoring and trending are commonuses of BAS, also data archiving

BAS are used in LEED projects for building monitoringand performance verification

Smart building systems are driving innovative uses ofBAS into every area of a building

SMART BUILDING BAS

Knowledge based software for maintenance &re-commissioning expert system

Self-tuning control systems are becoming morecommon-besides trial & error PID tuning

Control device manufacturer libraries replaceO&M manuals

Fuzzy logic & other techniques optimizebuilding operations artificial intelligence

BAS ISSUES AND TRENDS CONT’D :

Knowledge of how to control HVAC and integratemuch more important than any vendor’s system

Web services such as weather, technical data base anddata processors are more common

Commissioning, monitoring and trending are commonuses of BAS, also data archiving

BAS systems are used in LEED projects for buildingmonitoring and performance verification

Smart building systems are driving innovative uses ofBAS into every area of a building

M2M networking driving every connected componentto being internet addressable


End User

Internet

Network

Manager

Network

Manger

TCP/IP

HVAC Lighting Security Access

Network

Manager

Irrigation

Lon or

BACnet

M2M

and

Internet-addressable

WHAT BAS TRENDS WILL HAVE

STAYING POWER INTO THE FUTURE:

BAS are part of the building “IS” network, many newplayers are entering the market

Wireless and power-line control will dominate,reducing installation costs

Control hardware will be a smaller percentage ofmechanical budget, programming costs will grow

Internet direction will drive BAS and building controls

OLD CO-EXISTENT

BUILDINGS

Proprietary

HVAC

Proprietary

Lighting System

Proprietary

Security System


CURRENT TECHNOLOGY

End User

Internet

BACnet

Translator

Lon

Translator

TCP/IP


FUTURE

TECHNOLOGY???

End User

InternetTCP/IP


Everything is based on Internet Protocol

WHAT BAS TRENDS WILL HAVE

STAYING POWER INTO THE FUTURE: BAS is part of the building “IS” system, many other players are

entering the market

Wireless and power-line control will dominate, reducinginstallation costs

Control hardware will be a smaller percentage of mechanicalbudget, programming costs will grow

Internet direction will drive BAS and building controls BAS will increasingly become more utilized to manage energy

and resources in a building

Retro-commissioning both BAS and mechanical, will be drivenby increasing energy costs and change in building usage

Much more HVAC equipment will come complete with acontrol system

Self commissioning and auto tuning systems will become thenorm


LINKS FOR MORE

INFORMATION www.automatedbuildings.com www.bacnet.org www.lonmark.org www.betterbricks.com www.caba.org www.ashrae.org www.echelon.com www.tridium.com

www.atkinsonelectronics.com www.johnsoncontrols.com www.honeywell.com www.invensys.com www.sbt.siemens.com www.delta controls.com www.automatedlogic.com www.tac.com

building automation & controls

Business

building automation

smart building systems

building informationsystems

building integration

pneumatic systems

purposes of controls

ddc control hardware

electronic systems