bsi_wordlist_212

8/2/2019 BSI_wordlist_212

1/48

WORKING WORLD (pp. 6-9)

NAMES AND NEWS (pp. 6-8)

aboriginal children children of an ethnic group living in

[bE)rIdZIn&l (tSIldrEn] a place since the earliest times

adopt sth. [E(dA:pt*] to take something over from some

body, such as an idea or method

aerospace [(eroUspeIs*] involving the production or operation

of aircraft or spacecraft

appetizer [(pItaIzE] a small dish eaten at the beginning

of a mealapproximate almost accurate, but not quite

[E(prA:ksImEt*]

based [beIst] located

benefits [(benIfIts] advantages that you get as part of

your job, in addition to your salary or

wages

best-before date the date after which food is no

longer [)best bi(fO: deIt] of the highest quality

budget [(bVdZIt] cheap; inexpensive

catnap [(ktnp] a very short sleep

CEO (chief executive officer) the person with the highest position

[)si: i: (EU] in a company

chief executive the person with the highest position

[)tSi:f Ig(zekjEtIv*] in a company

competition [)kQmpE(tIS&n] someone who is trying to be better

than someone else; a rival

contribute sth. to sth. to give some form of help to sth.,

[kEn(trIbjEt tu*] for example, money or time

dhokla [(dEUklE] a vegetarian Indian dish

dump sth. [dVmp] to throw away something that you donot want in a careless and fast way

1

Here is the entire list of vocabulary items from the 2/2012 issue

of Business Spotlight International. You can print out this list

and add your own translations after the definitions. We hope

that you will find this service of use in your language learning.

VOCABULARY LIST 2/2012


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2

executive chef a cook who manages a restaurant

[Ig)zekjUtIv (Sef]

fastener [(fs&n&r*] a device used to join two thingstogether

grocery store a shop that sells food

[(grEUsEri stO:]

high-end [)haI (end] expensive and of very good quality

lay sb. off [)leI (O:f*] to end someones employment

lay-off [(leI O:f*] the act of ending someonesemployment because there is not

enough work

long way: have come a ~ to have made a lot of progress

[)lQN (weI]

nap [np] to sleep for a short time

on track: be ~ [)Qn (trk] to be likely to be successful insomething you are planning to do

overall [)oUvEr(O:l*] when everything is considered

screw [skru:] a thin, pointed piece of metal usedto join pieces of metal or wood

together

self-reliance [)self ri(laIEns] the ability to do things without help

Selling like hot cakes very popular and being sold very

quickly

shelter home [(SeltE hEUm] a place where people who have nohome can live

ship sth. to send and deliver something,usually goods

shortage [(SO:tIdZ] a situation in which there is notenough of something that is needed

state unemployment insurance the system workers pay into that

[)steIt VnIm(plOImEnt provides money for people who do

In)SUrEns*] not have a job

stuff [stVf] ifml. things

take some hits to suffer; to have a painful

experience

use-by date the date after which food is no longer

[(ju:z baI deIt] UK safe to eat

* This symbol marks standard US

pronunciation that differs from

standard UK pronunciation.


3/48

3

MY WORKING LIFE: John Buis (p. 9)

accountable [E(kaUntEb&l] responsible for something andrequired to explain your actions

diverse [daI(v:s] varied; with many differences

funeral [(fju:n&rEl] a ceremony that is held after

someone has died

incident [(InsIdEnt] an unusual, often unpleasant eventjaded [(dZeIdId] no longer interested in something

because you have experienced too

much of it

law enforcement the task of making sure that people

[(lO: In)fO:smEnt] respect the law

mounted police a special group of police officers who

ride [)maUntId pE(li:s] horses

paper trail [)peIpE (treI&l] documents showing that somethinghas been done

plain clothes: in ~ wearing ordinary clothes instead of a

[)pleIn (klEUDz] special uniform

refugee [)refju(dZi:] sb. who leaves a place to escapefrom danger

sawed-off shotgun a long gun that fires lots of small

[)sO:d Qf (SQtgVn] bullets that has been made shorter

by cutting off the end

supervise sb. to be in charge of someone at work

[(su:pEvaIz]


4/484

GLOBAL BUSINESS (pp. 16-27)

TRANSLATION SERVICES: The language of war (pp. 16-21)

acquire sth. [E(kwaIE] to buy something

aerospace [(eErEUspeIs] involving the production or operation

of aircraft or spacecraft

affect sth. to have an effect on something

apology [E(pQlEdZi] a statement in which you say sorryfor sth. you have done wrong

benefits [(benIfIts] advantages that you get as part of

your job, in addition to your salary or

wages

broadband a system that makes it possible to

send large amounts of electronic

data very quickly

cellular [(seljUlE] mobile-phone

combat troops groups of soldiers who are ready to

[(kQmbt tru:ps] fight

compete [kEm(pi:t] to try to get something that otherswant, too

core network the main system of connections

corporate accountability the responsibility of a company for

[)kO:pErEt E)kaUntE(bIlEti] its actions

daunting task a piece of work that is difficult in a

[)dO:ntIN (tA:sk] frightening way

decline [di(klaIn] to become less or smaller

Department of Defense the US government ministry in

[di)pA:rtmEnt Ev di(fens*] US charge of military matters

ensure sth. [In(SO:] to make sure that sth. will happen

formula [(fO:mjUlE] a method used to achieve success

found to start a business, especially by

providing the necessary money

front line [)frVnt (laIn] in a war, the place where fighting

takes place

grief [gri:f] extreme sadness, especially after

someone you love has died

illiterate [I(lItErEt] unable to read or write

implication the possible effect or result of sth.

incident [(InsIdEnt] an unusual, often unpleasant event

instruction manual a booklet that explains how to do or

use [In(strVkS&n )mnjuEl] something

intercepted if a phone call is intercepted,

someone secretly listens to itinterpret [In(t:prIt] to translate spoken words from one

language into another


5/485

interpreter [In(t:prItE] someone who translates spokenwords

lawsuit: file a ~ against sb. to bring a complaint about somebody

[(lO:su:t] to court

MBA (Master of Business a higher (post-graduate) universityAdministration) degree in business

monitor sth. to watch and check something over a

[(mQnItE] period of time

on time at the right time

pattern recognition the act of recognizing the structure

[(pt&n rekEg)nIS&n] of aset of shapes

Peoples Front of Judea a group of anti-Roman activists in

[)pi:p&lz )frVnt Ev dZu(dIE] the film Life of Brian

prime of the highest quality

quote sth. to give the price of something

recruit [ri(kru:t] someone who has recently started to

work for an organization

remnants [(remnEnts] the parts of something that remainafter the rest has been destroyed

reveal sth. to make something known

revenue [(revEnju:] the money that a business earns

sanitation the systems that supply clean water

[)snI(teIS&n] and remove dirty water

script a system of letters or symbols used

to write a particular language

shred sth. to cut or tear something into very

small pieces

sound healthy, stable

take time out to rest from your usual duties

transcribe sth. to write something down as it is said

United States Army Intelligence US Army organization responsible forand Security Command US analysing data of political and

military importance and protecting

the country from harm

unmanned aerial vehicle an aircraft that doesnt have or need[Vn)mnd )eEriEl (vi:Ik&l] people inside for it tofly

vast [vA:st] very large





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6

HEAD-TO-HEAD: Do Americans work too much? (pp. 22-23)

anxiety [N(zaIEti] the feeling of being worried andnervous about something

bank statement a document listing the amounts of

money paid into or out of a bank

account

carbon output the amount of carbon dioxide

produced by someone or something

clerk [kl:k*] someone whose job it is to help

people in a bank, shop or public

office

clock up hours to reach a particular number of work

[)klA:k (Vp aU&rz*] hours

feel entitled to sth. to believe you have the right to have

[)fi:&l In(taIt&ld tu] something

greenhouse gas a gas that traps heat above the earth,

thought to cause the greenhouse

effect

gross domestic product (GDP) the value of all goods and services

[)groUs dE)mestIk (prA:dVkt*] produced in a country in one year

impact [(Impkt] the influence or effect that asituation has on someone or

something

life expectancy the length of time a person can

[(laIf Ik)spektEnsi] expect to live

obesity [oU(bi:sEti*] the state of being extremely fat

overstaffed having more workers than necessary

paid sick leave a time when you do not have to work

because you are ill, but still receive

pay

resent sth. [ri(zent] to feel angry about a situationbecause you think that it is unfair

resource consumption the amount of something, such as

[(ri:sO:rs kEn)sVmpS&n*] oil, plants, minerals, etc., that isused

survey [(s:veI] a set of questions that you askpeople to get information about their

opinions or behaviour

throwaway [(TroUE)weI*] intended to be thrown away after use

weed sb. out to remove sb. who is not good

enough





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7

BUSINESS PRESS (pp. 24-25)

annual cap the upper limit of an amount of

[)njuEl (kp] money in a given year

appeal [E(pi:&l] attraction

baby boomer someone born between 1946 and

1964

beauty pageant a competition in which judges decide[(bju:ti )pdZEnt] who is the most beautiful woman

benefits [(benIfIts] money people can get from the

government if they are unemployed,

sick or poor

bill a proposal for a new law

cause an aim or belief that people fight for

church parish [)tS:tS (prIS] the part of a community that a priest

is responsible for

cite sth. [saIt] to mention something as an example

contender [kEn(tendE] one of several people trying to getsomething, such as a job or political

office

deliberate [di(lIbErEt] planned or intended

diet [(daIEt] the food that you eat

disposable income the amount of money left after

[dI)spEUzEb&l (InkVm] paying your bills and taxes

grisly [(grIzli] extremely unpleasant and frightening

lay sth. out to describe and explain somethingloaf bread that is baked in one piece

Lords: the (House of) ~ UK one of the two parts of the British

parliament

malign [mE(laIn] harmful

misnomer [)mIs(nEUmE] a badly chosen name

modest means: of ~ having little money to spend

[)mQdIst (mi:nz]

muddle a confusing situation

nod a sign of agreement or approval

objectionable [Eb(dZekS&nEb&l] deserving to be criticized

primary [(praImEri] US an election at which a candidate for

the main election is chosen

stacked: the cards when somebody has difficulties

are ~ against sb. because the situation is unfair

staggering [(stgErIN] extremely surprising or shocking

stand out to be more noticeable or important

tax credit a reduction in the taxes you have to

pay

trail sb. to be losing against somebody in an

election or competition


8/48

visceral [(vIsErEl] relating to strong, basic emotions

vulnerable [(vVlnErEb&l] easy to attack or harm

welfare [(welfeE] money given by the government topoor people for their basic needs,

such as food and housing

wend ones way through sth. to move slowly from one place to

[)wend wVnz (weI Tru:] another

wilful [(wIlf&l] (of sth. known to be bad) done

intentionally

8


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9

GLOBAL HEADLINES (p. 26)

be in debt [)bi: In (det] to owe money

issue sth. [(ISu:] to make sth. officially available to

buy

oral [(O:rEl] spoken, rather than written

pain in the arse something that makes people angry

[(peIn In Di )A:s]ifml.

(arse = a persons bottom)put off to delay, to cause to happen at a

later date

retailer [(ri:teI&lE] a company that sells goods to peopleto use


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10

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION (pp. 28-37)

CRITICAL INCIDENTS: Whats going on? (pp. 28-33)

achievement [E(tSi:vmEnt] something that you succeed in doing

appeal to sb. [E(pi:&l] to ask sb. to do sth. in a difficult

situation

apply to sth. [E(plaI tu] to be relevant in a particularsituation

appropriate [E(prEUpriEt] correct in a particular situation

archer someone who shoots arrows from a

bow

arrow a long, thin stick with a sharp end

assembly line [E(sembli laIn] a line of machines and workers in afactory along which the different

parts of a product are made

boardroom [(bO:dru:m] the room where the people whocontrol a company meet

brief [bri:f] lasting a very short time

canteen [kn(ti:n] a room in a factory or otherworkplace where food is served

capture sb. [(kptSE] to catch sb. and make that person aprisoner

commercial [kE(m:S&l] UK a person in a company who is incharge of selling goods or services

corporate [(kO:pErEt] relating to large companiesculture clash a situation in which people from

different cultural backgrounds have

problems with each other because of

their cultural differences

deeply ingrained very difficult to change, having

[)di:pli In(greInd] existed for a a long time

deliberately [di(lIbErEtli] in a way that is planned; not bychance

encounter [In(kaUntE] an occasion in which you experience

something or meet somebody

gender the fact of being either male or

female

gesture [(dZestSE] a movement that you make with yourhands, arms or head

hierarchy [(haI&rA:ki] a system of organizing people into

levels of power

HQ (headquarters) [)eItS (kju:] the place from which an

organization, and the people who

work there, are controlled

hug (sb.) to put your arms around somebody

incident [(InsIdEnt] an unusual, often unpleasant event


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11

industrial equipment the machines and tools used in

industry

intonation [)IntE(neIS&n] the rise and fall of the voice whilespeaking

issue [(ISu:] problem

memorable [(memErEb&l] worth remembering

mobile device a small electronic piece of [)mEUbaI&ldi(vaIs] equipment, such as a smartphone

negotiate [nI(gEUSieIt] to try to reach an agreement throughdiscussion

on time at the right time; punctually

palm [pA:m] the inside part of your hand

paralanguage non-verbal aspects of commuication,

[(prE)lNgwIdZ] such as tone of voice

pattern [(pt&n] the structure of a set of shapes

pedestrian light a set of red and green lights that[pE)destriEn (laIt] signals to people if they can walk

across the street or not

point sth. out to tell someone something

prejudice [(predZudIs] an unreasonable opinion or feelingof dislike that is not based on

experience

prospect [(prQspekt] the chance of future success

puzzled: be ~ by sth. confused because you dont

[(pVz&ld] understand something

quotation [kwEU(teIS&n] estimate; the price that you say apiece of work will cost

rough [rVf] not exact; approximate

rude not polite

setting the place or environment where

something happens

sheet here: a record of data or information

in a computer file

single sb. out to give special attention to sb. in a

group

socialize with sb. to spend time with somebody outside

[(sEUSElaIz wID] work, for example, at a party

stress sth. to state the importance of sth.

take turns to organize conversation by allowing

people to speak one after the other

trigger sth. to be the cause of something

underlying [)VndE(laIIN] not obvious, but basic and important

withhold sth. [wID(hEUld] to refuse to give something to

someone


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12

DIALOGUE: Wedding women (pp. 34-35)

ahead: go ~ to happen

best man a male friend who looks after the

bridegroom (the man who is getting

married)

cater to sb. US to provide a particular service for

somebody

challenging [(tSlIndZIN] difficult to deal with

competition people or companies that are trying

to be more successful than others

consultant [kEn(sVltEnt] someone who gives expert advice on

a particular subject

decency [(di:s&nsi] morally acceptable behaviour

destination wedding a wedding held at a specially chosen

place, for example, in another

country

disrupt sth. [dIs(rVpt] to prevent something from continuingby causing a problem

do a live feed of sth. to transmit a recording in real time

economics [)i:kE(nQmIks] the study of how the production of

goods and services is organized

executive director the person with the highest position

[Ig)zekjUtIv dE(rektE] in a company

extended family all the people who are related to you,

including cousins, aunts,

grandparents, etc.floral service the supply of flowers

gift basket a container filled with presents

go all out to do sth. to make a great effort in order to do

sth.

make ends meet to earn enough money to pay all the

bills

metaphorically in a way that creates a mental

[)metE(fQrIk&li] picture

PhD [)pi: eItS (di:] doctor of philosophypostgrad(uate) studies course after finishing a first

[(pEUstgrd )stVdiz] university degree

professional someone who works in a job for

which special qualifications are

needed

referral-based: be ~ to get new customers because

[ri(f:rEl beIst] previous customers haverecommended you

reticent [(retIsEnt] here: not wanting to do something

vulnerable [(vVlnErEb&l] easy to attack or hurt


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13

THE VIEW FROM HERE: A marathon, not a sprint (pp. 36-37)

addition [E(dIS&n] sth. that you add to sth. else

boundary [(baUndEri] a line that marks the edge of an area

constituency an area in which people elect

[kEn(stItjuEnsi] UK representatives to a parliament

contest [(kQntest] an event in which people compete

against each other to win somethingest. (estimate) [(estImEt] an amount that you guess

foreign-exchange turnover the total value of currency trade on a

[)fQrEn Iks(tSeIndZ )t:n)EUvE] stock exchange over a period

GDP (gross domestic product) the value of all goods and services

[)dZi: di: (pi:] produced in a country in one year

gender structure the proportion of males and females

[(dZendE )strVktSE] in a population

home straight the last part of an activity, for

[)hEUm (streIt] UK example of a race or a journey

house sth. [haUz] to provide a place for something

inherit sth. [In(herIt] here: to have to deal with a situation

that someone else has left for you

legacy [(legEsi] a situation resulting from events that

happened earlier

mayor [meE] the most important elected official in

a town or city

medieval [)medi(i:v&l] relating to the period in Europe

roughly between the years 1000 and

1500

project sth. [prE(dZekt] to calculate what the size or amount

of something is likely to be in the

future

property [(prQpEti] a building or a piece of land

regeneration [ri)dZenE(reIS&n] the act of developing or improving

sth.

retain sth. [ri(teIn] to continue to have something

riot [(raIEt] a violent protest by a crowd of people

shard [SA:d] a sharp piece of broken glass

soar [sO:] to increase or rise very quickly

spire [(spaIE] the pointed top of a high building

stall [stO:l] to stop working or making progress

tubular steel [)tju:bjUlE (sti:&l] steel shaped like a tube

vibrant [(vaIbrEnt] dynamic, full of energy


14/48

14

BUSINESS SKILLS (pp. 3847)

SAYING NO: Standing your ground (pp. 38-42)

Standing your ground keeping the same opinion or plan,

even when sb. is trying to change it

appreciation [E)pri:Si(eIS&n] understanding and recognition

approach [E(prEUtS] a way of doing something

assertive [E(s:tIv] behaving in a confident way

beat around the bush to talk about something for a long

[)bi:t E)raUnd DE (bUS] time without saying what you really

want to say

bully sb. [(bUli] to force sb. to do sth. by using power

or violence

challenge sth. [(tSlIndZ] to question whether something is

right or good

challenging [(tSlIndZIN] showing disagreement; difficult

circumstances the conditions that influence sth.

[(s:kEmstnsIz]

clarification [)klrEfI(keIS&n] the act of making something cleareror easier to understand

commitment [kE(mItmEnt] a promise to do something

contradict sb. [)kQntrE(dIkt] to say that you disagree with

somebody

contradiction here: the act of saying that

[)kQntrE(dIkS&n] something someone said is wrong ornot true

core competence an essential skill needed in a

[)kO: (kQmpItEns] particular job

counterproposal something that you suggest as an

[(kaUntEprE)pEUz&l] alternative to someone elsessuggestion

decline sth. [di(klaIn] to say no to a request or offer in apolite way

depart from sth. to behave in a way that is different

from usual

disobedience [)dIsE(bi:diEns] the refusal to obey the rules or some-one in authority

dispute: point of ~ [dI(spju:t] something people disagree about

dumb [dVm] stupid

fierce [fIEs] showing very strong feelings, such as

anger and aggression

forcefulness [(fO:sf&lnEs] the ability to express your opinions

strongly and in a way that influences

peoplefutile [(fju:taI&l] pointless, useless


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15

hierarchically minded having the attitude that the opinions

[haI&(rA:kIk&li )maIndId] of people at a higher level in a

company must not be questioned

highlight sth. [(haIlaIt] to emphasize something that is

important

inevitable: the ~ [In(evItEb&l] something that cannot be avoided

insight [(InsaIt] an understanding of something

insubordinate [)InsE(bO:dInEt] refusing to obey or respect sb. in a

higher position

invisible [In(vIzEb&l] impossible to be seen

irritation [)IrI(teIS&n] the state of feeling angry, annoyed orimpatient

maintain sth. [meIn(teIn] to cause something to continue

massage the truth to say things that make a situation

[)msA:Z DE (tru:T] ifml. look better than it is

negotiate sth. [nI(gEUSieIt] to discuss sth. to reach agreement

opposed: as ~ to [E(pEUzd] in contrast to; here: instead of

padded covered with soft material; here:

done in a way that avoids conflict

pet favourite

postponement the act of arranging for an event to

[pEUst(pEUnmEnt] take place at a later time

preserve sth. [pri(z:v] to keep sth. as it is, to uphold sth.

procrastinate to delay doing something, to put

[prEU(krstIneIt] something off

refute sth. [ri(fju:t] to say or prove that a statement isnot correct

reject sth. [ri(dZekt] to refuse to accept something

rely on sth. [ri(laI Qn] to depend on something

self-esteem [)self I(sti:m] belief and confidence in your own

abilities, character and talent

senior [(si:niE] in a higher-ranking position

sensitively [(sensEtIvli] without hurting peoples feelings

straight talking [streIt (tO:kIN] saying what you really think

suppress sth. [sE(pres] to prevent something from becomingknown

sustainable [sE(steInEb&l] able to continue at the same level fora long time

topic a subject that you write or talk about

trigger sth. to cause sth. to happen or exist

urge sth. from sb. to recommend very strongly that

[(:dZ frQm] somebody does something

win-win solution a solution that is good for everyone


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16

SURVIVAL GUIDE: Saying no (pp. 43-44)

appreciate sth. [E(pri:SieIt] to understand the importance of sth.

approach [E(prEUtS] a way of doing something

assuming that [E(sju:mIN Dt] if; supposing that

bargain [(bA:gIn] to try to reach an acceptable

agreement through discussion

bear sth. in mind to remember an important fact whenthinking about something

benchmarking study a project that examines a companys

[(bentSmA:kIN )stVdi] performance by using anothercompanys performance as a

standard

clarification the act of making something clearer

[)klrEfI(keIS&n] or easier to understand

commit to sth. [kE(mIt tu] to promise something

conditional upon: be ~ sth. to depend on something

[kEn(dIS&nEl E)pQn]

devote time to sth. to spend time doing something

hierarchical arranged in a system of rank or

[haI&(rA:kIk&l] status

issue [(ISu:] a problem

its a matter of principle it involves a basic rule

long-term [)lQN (t:m] having an effect over a long time

negotiate sth. [nI(gEUSieIt] to discuss sth. to reach agreement

peer [pIE] someone who has the same social

status or who is at the same level in

a company as you

postponement the act of arranging for an event to

[pEUst(pEUnmEnt] take place at a later time

rejection [ri(dZekS&n] a refusal to accept something

save face to avoid embarrassment or

humiliation

sleep on it to wait until the next day to decide

stable calm and reasonable, not easilyupset

stakeholders people affected by the success or

failure of something

stress sth. to state the importance of sth.


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17

ON THE LINE: Six donts (p. 45)

lighten sth. [(laIt&n] to make sth. less serious or severe

lower sb.s expectations to make somebody expect something

[)lEUE )ekspek(teIS&nz] to be bad

multitask [(mVltitA:sk] to do several things at the same time

overcompensate to do too much when trying to correct

[)EUvE(kQmpEnseIt] a problemswallow sth. [(swQlEU] to make something go down your

throat


18/48

18

MEETING POINT: Better brainstorming (p. 46)

add value to sth. to improve something

appoint sb. [E(pOInt] to give sb. a job or position of

responsibility

build sth. to create something

competitive [kEm(petEtIv] trying to be more successful than

othersevaluation [i)vlju(eIS&n] a judgement about how good

something is

facilitator [fE(sIlEteItE] someone who helps a group ofpeople to discuss something in a way

that is likely to achieve a result

follow sth. up to do something in addition to what

you have already done

impact [(Impkt] the effect that a situation has onsomeone or something

implement sth. [(ImplIment] to use an idea

internal and external customers people from inside or outside the

[In)t:n&l End Ik)st:n&l company who buy or use the(kVstEmEz] companys products or services

recorder someone who writes down what is

being said

total final number

urgency [(:dZEnsi] the need to deal with something

quickly


19/48

19

SAY IT IN STYLE: If you dont understand someone (p. 47)

apply for sth. [E(plaI fO:] to make an official request for sth.

bloody-minded UK ifml. refusing to be helpful

brick wall: come up against a ~ to be unable to continue because of

a difficulty that stops you

confirmation the act of saying that something is

true or correctget turned down flat to be refused a request

hard-nosed wanting to succeed and not being

[)hA:d (nEUzd] ifml. influenced by emotions

in a nutshell: to put it ~ to say it simply

pig-headed [)pIg (hedId] refusing to change your mind, even if

there are good reasons to do so

planning inspector someone whose job is to decide if

[(plnIN In)spektE] UK one will get permission to build sth.

planning permission official permission to build[(plnIN pE)mIS&n] UK something

softening [(sQf&nIN] making something sound less harsh

take the blame for sth. to say or accept that you are

[)teIk DE (bleIm fO:] responsible for a problem


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CAREERS (pp. 48-57)

BLOGGING: Moms the word (pp. 48-53)

acquire sth. [E(kwaI&r*] to get sth., for example, by buying it

appliance [E(plaIEns] a piece of electrical equipment used

in peoples homes

assume an identity to use a name that is not your own[E)su:m En aI(dentEti*] and to pretend to be that person

bandwidth [(bndwIdT] the amount of information that canbe carried through a computer

connection

bear with me [)beE (wID mi:] be patient with me

break out a camera ifml. to suddenly start taking photographs

bully [(bUli] someone who forces sb. to do sth. by

using power or violence

business venture a business project that involves[(bIznEs )ventS&r*] taking risks

call sb. out on sth. make someone explain a mistake

they have made

charity [(tSrEti] an organization that collects money

and helps people in need

class: in a ~ of ones own unique, better than the others

corporation a large company

crap ifml. nonsense

daring [(derIN*] willing to do dangerous things

demanding needing a lot of effort, skill or

patience

demeaning [di(mi:nIN] lowering someones dignity

destiny [(destEni] what will happen to you in the

future, especially things you cannot

change

epic [(epIk] a long story or poem

eyeballs ifml. the whole round ball of the eyes;

here: people who look at somethingfeature [(fi:tS&r*] an important or typical part of sth.

foreword [(fO:rw:d*] a short introduction to a book

freelance [(fri:lns*] not employed by a particularcompany

go off to explode

go through the roof ifml. to increase very quickly

grab sth. to quickly take hold of something

with your hand

graduate [(grdZuEt] sb. who has a university degree

hilariously funny [hI(leriEsli*] extremely funny

20


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21

honors degree a higher university qualification than

[(A:n&rz di)gri:*] the ordinary degree

hosting [(hoUstIN*] the provision of computer space forWeb sites

interior design the art of decorating and furnishing

[In)tIri&r di(zaIn*] the inside of a house

irreverence [I(rev&rEns] a lack of respect, especially for

something that others usually respect

laundry [(lO:ndri] clothes and linen that need to bewashed

leash [li:S] a long strap for controlling a dog

liberal arts subjects of study that develop

[)lIb&rEl (A:rts*] US general knowledge, but not technicalskills

make a living at sth. do a particular kind of work in order

[)meIk E (lIvIN t] to earn money to live on

merchandising the sale of products related to a[(m:tSEndaIzIN] popular thing or event

monetize sth. [(mA:nItaIz*] to earn money from something

overachiever [)oUvErE(tSi:v&r*] sb. who is very successful atschool/work and for whom this is

important

pack ones desk to leave ones job

postpartum depression a medical condition in which a

[poUst)pA:rtEm di(preS&n*] mother feels very unhappy after her

babys birth

rant about sth. to complain angrily about sth.

raw [rO:] in its original form

reveal sth. [ri(vi:&l] to make something known

revenues [(revEnju:z] the money that a business earns

run through: be ~ sth. to be examined by something

salty [(sO:lti] amusing, honest, often relating to

sex

sell out to give up your beliefs and principles

severe [sI(vI&r*] extremely bad or serious

shitty ifml. bad

shot a small amount of an alcoholic drink

spouse [spaUs] a husband or wife

squeamish [(skwi:mIS] easily made to feel sick byunpleasant things

step in to help someone in a difficult

situation

suck US ifml. to pull at something with your lips to

take in liquid; here: to be very bad


22/48

take a sick day to spend a day away from work

because you are ill, usually with full

pay

terms: come to ~ with sth. to accept something unpleasant by

learning how to deal with it

womens shelter a house where women who have been

badly treated can stay and receive

help* This symbol marks standard US



22


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23

THE JOB DOCTOR: Performance reviews (p. 55)

accomplishment something difficult or remarkable

[E(kA:mplISmEnt*] that you succeed in doing

accountability [E)kaUntE(bIlEti] responsibility for your actions

appreciate sth. [E(pri:SieIt] to be grateful for something

component [kEm(poUnEnt*] an individual part of something

contentious [kEn(tenSEs] causing a lot of argument

dismiss sb. [dIs(mIs] to remove somebody from a job

dread sth. [dred] to be worried about or afraid of

something that is going to happen

evaluation [i)vlju(eIS&n] a judgement about how good sth. is

goody file ifml. a list of positive things

impose sth. to force people to accept sth.

legitimate [lI(dZItEmEt] fair or reasonable

ongoing [(A:n)goUIN*] continuingperformance review an examination of how well or badly

[p&r(fO:rmEns ri)vju:*] someone does a job

perform poorly [p&rfO:rm pUrli*] to work badly

promotion [prE(moUS&n*] a move to a higher-ranking positionin a company or organization

start legal action to start the process of having a

disagreement settled by a court

termination the act of ending an employment





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24

MY WAY: Arctic adventures (pp. 56-57)

accommodation [E)kQmE(deIS&n] a place where people can stay

banquet server someone who serves food at large,

[(bNkwIt )s:vE] formal dinner parties

come up with sth. to think of a plan or idea

commute [kE(mju:t] the journey between home and work

credit union [(kredIt )ju:niEn] a bank owned by its members

deafening [(def&nIN] so loud that it is impossible to hearanything else

freak out [)fri:k (aUt] ifml. to become extremely frightened

grocers shop [(grEUsEz SQp] a shop that sells food

hustle and bustle noisy activity of a lot of people in one

[)hVs&l En (bVs&l] place

land crab [(lnd krb] sb. with no experience of the sea

reassigned: have oneself ~ to request a different job or duty

[ri:E(saInd]

recruit sb. [ri(kru:t] to find people to work somewhere

salmon farm [(smEn fA:m] a place where salmon are bred

surroundings [sE(raUndINz] everything around sb. or sth.


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25

MANAGEMENT (pp. 5863)

YOUNG ENTREPRENEUR: Calling the world (pp. 58-59)

accountant [E(kaUntEnt] someone whose job is to keep or

check financial records

aeronautical engineering the study of how aircraft and

[eErEU)nO:tIk&l )endZI(nIErIN] spacecraft are designed and builtboard [bO:d] the people who control a company

boarding school a school where children live during

the school year

call-time card a prepaid telephone card

chairman the person in charge of an

organization

charity [(tSrEti] an organization that collects moneyand helps people in need

chief executive the person with the highest position[)tSi:f Ig(zekjUtIv] in a company

corporate [(kO:pErEt] relating to large companies

distribution the supply of goods from a central

place to shops or customers

donate sth. [dEU(neIt] to give something in order to help

others

entrepreneur someone who starts or runs a

[)QntrEprE(n:] business, especially one that involves

taking risks

fast-track sb. up the ranks to move someone to a job at a higher

level very quickly

figurehead [(fIgEhed] someone who is seen as the leader of

an organization

foundation an organization created in order to

provide money for a particular

purpose, for example, to help people

hub the central, most important place

where an activity takes place

launch sth. [lO:ntS] to start something, for example, abusiness or a project

mobile carrier a company that provides a mobile

[)mEUbaI&l (kriE] telephone service

pay-as-you-go relating to a system of paying for a

service as you use it

revenues [(revEnju:z] the money that a business earns

share one of the equal parts of a company

that you can buy to invest money

snowball [(snEUbO:l] to grow very quicklystudious [(stju:diEs] spending a lot of time studying


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26

talk sb. through sth. to explain something to someone in

detail

withdraw from sth. to stop taking part in something

[wID(drO: frQm]


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27

WHAT IVE LEARNED: Steve Jobs (pp. 60-61)

A players: the ~ [(eI )pleIEz] the best workers

CEO (chief executive officer) the person with the highest position

[)si: i: (EU] in a company

check: keep sth. in ~ to keep sth. under control

collaborative [kE(lbErEtIv] done by several people working

togetherdownsize [(daUnsaIz] to reduce the number of people

working in a company

dozen [dVz&n] twelve

dwell on sth. to think about a subject (often one

that causes unhappiness) for a long

time

early on [):li (Qn] at an early stage

easy: be ~ on sb. to treat someone in a gentle way

get sth. ifml. to understand somethinginterviewee [)IntEvju(i:] someone who is interviewed for a job

layer [(leIE] a quantity of something that lies overa surface or between two surfaces

measure up [)meZEr (Vp] to be good enough

peel sth. off sth. to remove the skin of a

fruit/vegetable

pioneer sth. [)paIE(nIE] to be the first to do something

R&D (research & development) the area of work in a company in

[)A:r En (di:] which products are developed andimproved

recruit sb. [ri(kru:t] to find new people to worksomewhere

stock option the right to buy shares, often at a

cheaper rate, in a firm where you

work

wallet [(wQlIt] a small, flat case for carrying money

in


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28

BUSINESS BASICS: What are.. Change management programs? (p. 62)

buy-in [(baI In] the fact of accepting an ideabecause you agree with it

change management the process of organizing how a new

[(tSeIndZ )mnIdZmEnt] way of working is introduced into a

business

devise sth. [di(vaIz] to create something in your mind

enlist sb. [In(lIst] to persuade someone to help you

execute sth. [(eksIkju:t] to put a plan into action

incentive [In(sentIv] sth. that makes you want to do sth.

mindset [(maIndset] the attitudes or ideas that someonehas

mitigate sth. [(mItEgeIt*] to make something less harmful

non-negotiable not possible to change through

[)nA:n nI(goUSiEb&l*] discussions

perceive sth. [p&r(si:v*] to understand or think aboutsomething in a particular way

predict sth. [pri(dIkt] to say what something will probably

be like in the future

turnaround a situation in which something

[(t:nE)raUnd] changes completely

veer off course to suddenly change the direction in

[)vI&r O:f (kO:rs*] which you are going





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29

EXECUTIVE EYE: On the psychology of management (p. 63)

accomplish sth. [E(kVmplIS] to succeed in doing somethingdifficult

challenge [(tSlIndZ] a difficult situation that you need alot of skill to deal with

compete against sb. to try to be more successful than sb.

competition [)kQmpE(tIS&n] the activity or state of trying to bebetter than others

competitive having the desire to be more

[kEm(petEtIv] successful than others

competitiveness the desire to be more successful

[kEm(petEtIvnEs] than others

conspiracy [kEn(spIrEsi] a secret plan by a group to do sth.illegal or harmful

distinction [dI(stINkS&n] a difference between two things

drive [draIv] a strong desire to satisfy a need

inadequacy [In(dIkwEsi] a lack of talent, ability or necessaryskills

indiscriminate [)IndI(skrImInEt] done without choosing carefully

in moderation [In )mQdE(reIS&n] not too much

misery [(mIzEri] great suffering or unhappiness

repress sth. [ri(pres] to prevent or control something by

using force

self-esteem [)self I(sti:m] belief and confidence in your own

abilities, character and talentsour sth. [(saUE] to make something less pleasant

survival [sE(vaIv&l] the state of continuing to live

time sb. to measure how long it takes for

somebody to do something

vicious cycle [)vISEs (saIk&l] a situation in which one problemcauses another problem, which then

makes the first problem worse


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30

TECHNOLOGY (pp. 64-69)

CONSTRUCTION: Think pink (pp. 64-65)

academic [)kE(demIk] sb. who teaches at a university

anecdotally [)nIk(dEUt&li] according to reports

assets [(sets] everything of value that sb./a

company owns

boiler suit [(bOIlE su:t] UK a single piece of clothing consistingof trousers and a jacket, worn for

doing dirty work

break sth. down to divide something into parts

bricklayer sb. who builds walls for houses, etc.

building site a place where something is being

built

cash dispenser [(kS dI)spensE] a machine from which you can get

money using a special plastic card

civil engineering the design and building of roads and

[)sIv&l endZI(nIErIN] bridges, etc.

construction crew a group of people working together to

[kEn(strVkS&n kru:] build something

construction manager someone whose job is to control a

[kEn(strVkS&n )mnIdZE] building project

contractor [kEn(trktE] someone who organizes a buildingproject

deter sb. [di(t:] to stop someone from doing sth.deterrent [di(terEnt] sth. that stops people from doing sth.

digger [(dIgE] a large machine used for digging and

moving earth

excavating arm the long part of a digger or excavator

excavator [(ekskEveItE] a large machine used for digging andmoving earth

good cause [)gUd (kO:s] an aim that people support

insurance company a company to which you regularly pay

[In(SUErEns )kVmpEni] money and from which you receivemoney if something bad happens

machinery [mE(Si:nEri] machines

plant large machines

recovery [ri(kVvEri] the act of getting something back

that was lost or stolen

return the amount of profit you get from

something

scale the size or level of something

suspend sth. from sth. to attach something to a high place[sE(spend frQm] so that it hangs down


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31

tower crane a large, tall machine for lifting heavy

things

track sth. to find out where something is


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32

LANGUAGE FOCUS: Flight control systems (pp. 66-67)

actuate sth. [(ktSueIt] to make something operate

buckle to twist and/or deform under pressure

energize sth. [(enEdZaIz] to supply energy to something

retract sth. [ri(trkt] to bring sth. back to its original

position

Essential parts and materials

aileron [(eIlErQn] a control surface on the trailing edge

of an aircrafts main wings

control surface the moveable part of one of an

aircrafts flight surfaces

elevator [(elIveItE] control surface on the aircraftshorizontal tailplane

fluid [(flu:Id] a liquid or gas

groove a channel cut in a hard material

hollow a body that contains empty space

joystick the pilots main control

lateral axis [)lt&rEl (ksIs] an imaginary line passing through anaircraft from wingtip to wingtip

linkage [(lINkIdZ] a metal rod, tube or cable thattransfers movement between parts of

a system

longitudinal axis an imaginary line passing through an

[lQNgI(tju:dIn&l] aircraft from nose to tail

piston [(pIstEn] a moving component inside acylinder

pulley (wheel) [(pUli (wi:&l)] a wheel around which a moving beltruns

reservoir [(rezEvwA:] a place where oil or another fluid isstored

rudder a control surface on an aircrafts

vertical tailplane

solid rod a long metal component whichtransfers movement from one part of

a system to another

trailing edge the rear edge of a control surface

tube [tju:b] a long, hollow rod or cylinder

undercarriage / landing gear the wheels that support the aircraft

[(VndEkrIdZ/ (lndIN gIE] on the ground

valve [vlv] a component that controls the flow offluid through a system

vertical axis [)v:tIk&l (ksIs] an imaginary line passing through anaircraft from top to bottom


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33

The technology

flight control system the combined system of controls that

alters the movement of an aircraft in

flight

fly-by-wire (FBW) an electronic/digital system for

[)flaI baI (waIE] moving an aircrafts control surfaces

hydraulic [haI(drO:lIk] moved by the force of a fluid

property [(prQpEti] characteristic

psi (pounds per square inch) unit of pressure

torque [tO:k] twisting force

twist [twIst] to deform due to a turning force

The science of flying

air resistance [(eE ri)zIstEns] the stopping force acting against an

object as it travels through the air

altitude [(ltItju:d] height above the ground

atmospheric pressure the force of air on a point of the

[tmEs)ferIk (preSE] earths surface

attitude [(tItju:d] the combined orientation of anaircraft on its lateral, longitudinal

and vertical axes

drag air resistance

partially/fully extended in the partly or completely out/in

[)pA:SEli/)fUli Ik(stendId] position

pitch the orientation of an aircraft on itslateral axis

suction [(sVkS&n] the flow of fluid into an area of low

pressure

yaw [jO:] the orientation of an aircraft on its

vertical axis


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34

INNOVATIONS (p. 68)

ant-roach [(nt rEUtS] a fantasy creature, a combination ofan anteater and a cockroach

avian flu [)eIviEn (flu:] a type of influenza found amongbirds

compressed air [kEm)prest (eE] air kept under pressure

deflate sth. [)di:(fleIt] to let air out of somethingfabric [(fbrIk] a soft material used for making

things

habitability [)hbItE(bIlEti] the state of being suitable to live in

inflate sth. [In(fleIt] to fill something with air

influenza (flu) [)Influ(enzE] an infectious disease like a very bad

cold

orbit sth. [(O:bIt] to circle around a planet

strain [streIn] a particular type of bacteria or virus


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35

TECHNICALLY SPEAKING: On the latest trends (p. 69)

cradle [(kreId&l] a bed for a baby; here: a structureshaped like a cradle

damper a piece of equipment that stops a

movement from being too strong

designer [di(zaInE] someone who plans how somethingwill look and work

diamond jubilee here: the date 60 years after the

[)daIEmEnd (dZu:bIli:] queen came to the throne

dismantle sth. [dIs(mnt&l] to divide something into its separateparts

embarrassing [Im(brEsIN] making you feel ashamed

fit sth. to sth. to add sth. to sth. else by attaching

it

fix a solution

harmonic absorber a piece of equipment that stops a

[hA:)mQnIk Eb(zO:bE] movement from being too strong

microbubble small bubbles used as a contrast

[(maIkrEU)bVb&l] agent for ultrasound imaging

scale the size or level of something

strut [strVt] a piece of metal or wood that is usedto support part of a structure

sunken [(sVNkEn] lower than the level of thesurrounding land

ultrasound imaging a method used in medicine to

[)VltrEsaUnd (ImIdZIN] examine the inside of a personsbody

wobbly [(wQbli] not stable, moving from side to side


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36

LANGUAGE AT WORK (pp. 70-83)

VOCABULARY: The jewellery shop (p. 70)

bracelet [(breIslEt] an ornament worn on the wrist or arm

brooch [brEUtS] an ornament fastened to clothing

with a pin

chain an ornament worn around the neck

clasp [klA:sp] a device used to join things together

cufflink [(kVflINk] an object used for fastening the cuffof a mans shirt

diamond [(daIEmEnd] a colourless precious stone

earrings ornaments worn in your earlobes

ear studs [(IE stVdz] straight, thin metal ornaments wornin your earlobes

emerald [(em&rEld] a green precious stone

engagement ring a ring you wear to show that you have

agreed to marry someone

gem(stone) a precious or semi-precious stone

jeweller [(dZu:ElE] (US jeweler) someone who makes jewellery

jewellery [(dZu:Elri] (US jewelry) ornaments that people wear on theirbody

locket [(lQkIt] a small case worn on a chain, usedto hold things of sentimental value

necklace [(neklEs] an ornament worn around the neckpearls small, round white jewels that grow

inside the shell of an oyster

pendant [(pendEnt] an object worn on a chain

platinum [(pltInEm] a precious metal

ruby [(ru:bi] a red precious stone

sapphire [(sfaIE] a blue precious stone

tie clip an object that holds a tie in place

watch strap a piece of leather or cloth used for

holding(US watchband) a watch on your wrist

(wrist)watch a small clock worn on your wrist


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37

ENGLISH ON THE MOVE: Giving a tour (p. 72)

canteen [kn(ti:n] a room in a factory or otherworkplace where food and drink is

served

cashier [k(SIE] someone who receives and gives

money in a shop, bank, etc.

human resources (HR) the department in a company that

[)hju:mEn ri(zO:sIz] employs and trains people

ID card: put money on ones ~ to put money onto a prepaid card

that has your name on it (ID card =

identity card)

open-plan office a large room where many people

work at desks

operator [(QpEreItE] someone who uses and controls amachine

partition a thin dividing wall

privacy [(prIvEsi] the state of not being seen or heardby others

production line a line of machines and workers along

which the parts of a product are

made

raw material [)rO: mE(tIEriEl] substances or things before they are

used in the production of something

shift coordinator someone who organizes the people

[(SIft kEU)O:dIneItE] and activities during different periodsof work

store sth. [stO:] to keep something in a place for lateruse


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38

OFFICE TALK: The Maine event (p. 75)

ban sth. to say that something is not allowed

bond an official document that promises to

pay back a loan, plus a fixed rate of

interest, at a specific time

contract [(kQntrkt] a written agreement between twoparties stating what each must do

deadline: make a ~ to finish a job by a specified time

glitch [glItS] a small technical problem

go through with sth. to do something as planned

label sth. [(leIb&l] to write information on sth.

returnable [ri(t:nEb&l] able to be taken back to a shop

standby: be on ~ [(stndbaI] ready to do something as soon as itbecomes necessary


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39

SHORT STORY: Video games (pp. 76-77)

bald head [)bO:ld (hed] a head with little or no hair on it



cute [kju:t] attractive, often in a sexual way

document storage the job of keeping documents in a

[(dQkjumEnt )stO:rIdZ] special place where they can befound again when needed

emerald green [(em&rEld] bright green

go pink to become red in the face

hair clippers a tool for cutting your hair

harp a large triangular musical instrument

with many strings stretched over a

frame

I dont mind if I do (expression) used to say that you [)aIdEUnt )maInd If aI (du:] accept something you have been

offered

junior librarian someone who works in a place where

[)dZu:niE laI(breEriEn] people can borrow books and whodoes not have a lot of responsibility

in this job

medieval [)medi(i:v&l] relating to the period in Europe

roughly between the years 1000 and

1500

open-necked [)EUpEn (nekt] with the top button not closed

plot sth. to make a secret planrover [(rEUvE] someone who travels around without

a purpose

slap sb. on the back to hit someone on the back in a

friendly way

tie [taI] a long, narrow piece of material that

men wear around the neck, over a

shirt

tough [tVf] physically and emotionally strong


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40

ENGLISH FOR...: Start-ups (pp. 78-79)

break-even point the stage in business when income

[)breIk (i:v&n pOInt] equals costs

business incubator a company that helps people to start

[(bIznEs )INkjubeItE] a business

entrepreneur [)QntrEprE(n:] someone who starts or runs abusiness, especially one that involves

taking financial risks

exit strategy [(eksIt )strtEdZi] a plan for ending your involvement in

a business

get in while the going is good to start doing something while the

opportunity lasts

get out while youre ahead to end your involvement in something

at the right time (while you are still

successful)

launch sth. [lO:ntS] to start sth., such as a business or

project

pitch sth. [pItS] to try to sell sth. by saying how good

it is

start-up [(stA:t Vp] a new business

venture capital (VC) money invested in a new type of

[(ventSE )kpIt&l] business that is conside red to be

very risky

Strategy and growth

acquisition [)kwI(zIS&n] the buying or obtaining of a companybusiness plan a written document that states a

companys goals and how to reach

them

competitive advantage something that helps a company to

[kEm)petEtIv Ed(vA:ntIdZ] be more successful than others

exit plan/strategy a plan for ending your involvement in

[(eksIt )pln/)strtEdZi] a business

feasibility study a detailed examination of a new

[fi:zE(bIlEti )stVdi] project to decide if it is likely to be

successful

going concern a business that is expected to

[)gEUIN kEn(s:n] continue to make a profit

patent application a formal request for the legal rights

[(peItEnt plI)keIS&n] to sth. that has never been madebefore

pitch (sth.) to try to sell something by saying how

good it is

plough back profits to reinvest the money you have [)plaUbk (prQfIts] earned

product life cycle (in marketing) the four stages of the

[)prQdVkt (laIf )saIk&l] typical sales process of a product:introduction, growth, maturity, decline


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41

risk analysis [(rIsk E)nlEsIs] the process of identifying risks anddeveloping ways of dealing with them

start-up [(stA:t Vp] a new business

Company structures

cooperative [kEU(QpErEtIv] a business owned in equal parts by

the people who work for it

flotation / initial public offering the process of offering a companys

(IPO) shares for sale for the first time

go public (of a private company) to offer shares

to the public for the first time

incorporated (Inc.) US an official company with legal status

limited company (Ltd) a company whose owners are

[)lImItId (kVmpEni] UK responsible for paying only a limited

amount of the companys debt

partnership a business owned by a group of

professional people who worktogether

self-employment the state of working for yourself and

[)self Im(plOImEnt] not for an employer

sleeping partner someone who has invested money in

a company and shares in its profits

but does not work in the company

small and medium-sized businesses that do not have moreenterprises (SMEs) than 500 employees, often family-

run

sole trader [)sEUl (treIdE] a person who owns a business and is

the only person who is legally

responsible for it

People

business angel a private person who invests money

[(bIznEs )eIndZ&l] in a new business



creditor [(kredItE] a person, bank or company to whommoney is owed

entrepreneur [)QntrEprE(n:] someone who starts or runs a

business, especially one that involves

taking financial risks

loan shark [(lEUn SA:k] someone who lends money, butcharges high interest rates, often

illegally

serial entrepreneur someone who starts one business

[)sIEriEl )QntrEprE(n:] after another

tax adviser [(tks Ed)vaIzE] a financial expert who gives others

formal advice on tax matters


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42

Financing

assets [(sets] everything of value that a person orcompany owns

break-even point the stage in business when income

[)breIk (i:v&n pOInt] equals costs

budget projection a statement or calculation of how

[(bVdZIt prE)dZekS&n] much money you will need and have

available in the future

capital injection an investment made when a

[(kpIt&l In)dZekS&n] company is in urgent need of extracash

cash flow [(kS flEU] the movement of money into and outof a business

collateral [kE(lt&rEl] sth. of value that you promise to givea creditor if you cannot pay back

money you have borrowed

debt [det] money that is owed

equity [(ekwEti] the money a company gets by selling

shares

expenditure [Ik(spendItSE] the amount of money spent

funding [(fVndIN] money provided for a particular pur-pose

liabilities [)laIE(bIlEtiz] the amount of money a company orperson owes

overdraft facility an agreement with your bank that

[(EUvEdrA:ft fE)sIlEti] allows you to spend money when you

have no money in your account

raise capital to collect money that you need to

[)reIz (kpIt&l] start or run a business

savings [seIvINz] money that you have saved, not

spent

seed capital/funding money invested at the start of a

[(si:d )kpIt&l/)fVndIN] project or company

venture capital (VC) money invested in a new type of

[(ventSE )kpIt&l] business that is consideb red to be

very risky

working capital money that is needed for the day-to-

[(w:kIN )kpIt&l] day operations of a business

Marketing and sales

demand for sth. [di(mA:nd fO:] the need or desire for a product or

service

gap in the market an area of business in which few or

[)gp In DE (mA:kIt] no companies operate but whereprofits can be made

niche market a specialized area of industry that

[(ni:S )mA:kIt] sells a particular product or service

wanted by a small number of people


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target market [(tA:gIt )mA:kIt] the people to whom a company istrying to sell its products or services

unique selling proposition (USP) a feature of a product or service that

[ju)ni:k (selIN prQpE)zIS&n] makes it different from all others

43


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44

FINANCIAL ENGLISH: Taxes on goods and services (p. 80)

commodity [kE(mQdEti] a product or raw material that can bebought and sold

component [kEm(pEUnEnt] one of several parts needed to makesth.

county an area within a state that has its

own government to deal with local

matters

customs duty a tax that must be paid to the

[(kVstEmz )dju:ti] government when bringing goods intoa country

deduct (a sum of money) to take away an amount from a total

[di(dVkt]

distribution [)dIstrI(bju:S&n] the activity of making productsavailable to customers

excise duty [(eksaIz )dju:ti] a tax on certain goods produced or

sold within a country

exemption [Ig(zempS&n] permission not to pay something that

you would normally have to pay

gross [grEUs] before any taxes or costs are taken

away

levy a tax on sth. [)levi] to officially collect a tax on

something

net remaining after any taxes or costs

have been taken away

remit (a sum of money) [ri(mIt] to send a paymen

sales tax a tax that you have to pay in addition

to the cost of something you buy

sin tax a tax on goods considered bad or

harmful

tariff [(trIf] a tax that must be paid on goods

coming into or going out of a country

valued added tax (VAT) a general tax on goods and services


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45

AUTHENTIC ENGLISH: Using the passive (p. 81)

bill of lading [)bIl Ev (leIdIN] a list of goods sent somewhere

COD (cash on delivery) a system in which you pay for goods

[)si: EU (di:] as soon as you receive them

come across sth. to find something by chance

emphasize sth. [(emfEsaIz] to give special importance to

somethingenter sth. to write sth. in a book or computer

eventually [I(ventSuEli] at some time, in the end

hang on to sth. to keep something

invoice [(InvOIs] a document stating how much youhave to pay for something

miscellaneous [)mIsE(leIniEs] (of a group of things) of various typesand from various, unconnected

sources

procedure [prEU(si:dZE] a way of doing somethingput sth. off to do something at a later time

revert to sth. [ri(v:t tu] to start doing something again that

you did in the past

run the wheels here: to let a machine do its work

stock size the standard size

stub [stVb] the part of a piece of paper that you

keep to show you have paid for

something


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46

LEGAL ENGLISH: Dispute resolution (p. 82)

alternative dispute resolution ways of settling a problem out of(ADR) [O:l)t:nEtIv dI(spju:t court

rezE)lu:S&n]

arbitration [)A:bI(treIS&n] an official process of trying to settle

an argument with the help of

someone who is not involved

attorney [E(t:ni] US a lawyer

barrister [(brIstE] UK a lawyer with the right to argue cases

in higher courts of law

confidential [)kQnfI(denS&l] intended to be kept secret

legal dispute [(li:g&l dI)spju:t] a serious disagreement about a legalright or duty

litigation [)lItI(geIS&n] the process of taking a legal dispute

to a court of law

mediation [)mi:di(eIS&n] the activity of trying to end a

disagreement between people,groups or countries

model clause [)mQd&l (klO:s] part of a written legal document thatcan be copied for use by others

settle sth. [(set&l] to end a disagreement

solicitor [sE(lIsItE] UK a lawyer who gives legal advice to

people

trial [(traIEl] a legal process in a court of law


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47

WHATS NEW (p. 83)

CEF [)si: i: (ef] Common European Framework ofReference for Languages

executive [Ig(zekjUtIv] a person with a high position in acompany

illuminating [I(lu:mIneItIN] making things clearer and easier tounderstand

in-depth [)In (depT] very detailed

invisible [In(vIzEb&l] impossible to be seen

lab (laboratory) a place used for scientific

experiments

offshore platform a structure built above the sea, used

by people who are working to get oil

or gas

punctuation [)pVNktSu(eIS&n] marks such as commas, full stops,etc., used between words in written

texts

research [ri(s:tS] the study of something in order to

discover new information about it

spelling writing or naming the letters of a

word in the right order

vocational education training for a particular occupation,

[vEU)keIS&nEl )edju(keIS&n] profession or skill


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THE LAST LAUGH (p. 86)

cubicle [(kju:bIk&l] a small enclosed area in a room,

such as in an office

let the cat out of the bag to tell a secret

litigator [(lItIgeItE] a lawyer who takes a claim to court

payslip UK a piece of paper that shows how

much an employee has been paidroom-mate US someone who shares a flat or house

with others

bsi_wordlist_212

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