b.sc. biochemistry iii semester us03cbch01 biochemistry … · physical properties – asymmetric...
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B.Sc. BIOCHEMISTRY
III SEMESTER
US03CBCH01
Biochemistry of Bio molecules I
UNIT I: Introduction, Definition, History and Scope of Biochemistry.
� Milestones in history of biochemistry.
� Important and applications of biochemistry.
� Branches of biochemistry.
� Biochemistry as a chemical science.
� The chemical elements of living matter.
� Biological Molecules.
UNIT II: The atoms and chemical bonds.
� Structure of an atom.
� Nature of chemical bonding and molecular structure.
� Types of chemical bondings.
� Electrovalent or polar or Ionic bond.
� Covalent or non polar bond.
� Stereochemistry.
UNIT III: Carbohydrates and glycobiology.
� Definition, classification and functions of carbohydrates.
� Occurance and biochemical roles of monosaccharides.
� Disaccarides (maltose, sucrose and lactose).
� Oligosaccarides (Raffinose).
� Polysaccarides ( starch, glycogen, cellulose, heparin).
� Physical properties – Asymmetric carbon, D and L isomers, isomerism,
mutarotation, optical activity, epimers, cyclization.
� Chemical properties – Osazone formation, action of acids and alkali on
sugars
� Derivatives of Sugars.
UNIT IV: Chemistry of Lipids
� Definition,classification and functions of Lipids
� Simple ,compound, derived and miscellaneous lipids.
� Fatty acids – free and esterified fatty acids, length of hydrocarbon chain,
straight and branched chain fatty acids, hydroxyl and cyclic fatty acids,
saturated and unsaturated fatty acids , nomenclature of fatty acids, omega
classification of fatty acids, essential fatty acids, dietary sources and
functions of fatty acids.
� Introduction to:
Triacylglycerols,phospholipids,sphingophospholipids,glycolipids
,lipoproteins,cholesterol.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Biochemistry Mathews –Van Holde.
2. Fundamentals of biochemistry Dr. J.L Jain, Dr.Sanjay Jain.
Nitin Jain.
3. Textbook of biochemistry for medical students DM. Vasudevan,
Sreekumari S. Kannan Vaidyanathan.
4. Zubay’s Principles of biochemistry VeerBala Rastogi K.R.
Aneja.
5. Textbook of Biochemistry for medical students RAFI MD.
6. Biochemistry U.Satayanarayana, U Chakrapani.
7. Outlines of Biochemistry Eric E. Conn, Paul k. Stumpf, George
Bruening , Roy H. Doi
8.Textbook of medical biochemistry :7th Edition – Rana Shinde, M.N.
Chatterjea
B.Sc. BIOCHEMISTRY
III SEMESTER
COURSE: US03CBCH02 (P)
(BIOCHEMISTRY PRACTICAL)
� Prepration of Normal ,% solution.
� Prepration of Starch from potato and its hydrolysis by Salivary Amylase
� Titration for reducing sugar by Cole’s method.
� Qualitative analysis of carbohydrate.
� Qualitative analysis of lipid.
� Sepration of amino acid. ( paper chromatogrphy)
� Quantitative analysis by Beer’s Law / lamda max.( KmnO4)
� Determination of pH by using indicatars.
REFRENCE BOOK: -
� STANDARD METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS – S.R. THIMMAIAH.
� PRACTICAL CILINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY methods & Interepretations –
RANJANA CHAWLA.
� PRACTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY BY HAROLD VARLEY.
� LABORATRY MANUAL IN BIOCHEMISTRY – BY J.JAYARAMAN
� LAB MANUAL IN BIOCHEMISTRY, IMMUNOLOGY & BIOTECH – BY Arti
Nigam, Archana Ayyagiri
� LABORATRY MANUAL IN BIOCHEMISTRY – BY SUBRAYAMAN
B. Sc. BIOCHEMISTRY
III SEMESTER
US03CBCH03 BIOPHYSICAL BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT-1 WATER: -
1) Structure and solvent properties.
2) Colligative properties of water.
3) Distribution of body water.
4) Normal water balance.
5) Regulatory mechanism of normal water balance.
A) Role of kidney.
B)Thirst mechanism.
C) Role of ADH and Aldosterone
6) Abnormal water balance.
A) Pure water Dehydration.
B) Pure Salt Dehydration.
C) Mixed type (water & Salt) Dehydration
D) Over hydration.
UNIT-2 Acid, Base, and Buffer:-
1. Definition of Acid, Base, Buffer & pH and pH measurement methods.
2. Physiological Buffer System.
a. Bicarbonate buffer
b. Phosphate buffer
c. Protein and hemoglobin acting as buffer.
3. Titration curve and pka of weak acid
4. H-H equation & its example to find PH and pka
UNIT-3 Biophysical Biochemistry:-
1) Colloid:-Definition & classification of colloids
2) Properties of colloids (in short). (A) Tyndal effect (B) Dialysis (C) Brownian movement
(D) Ageing (E) Coagulation (F) Electrical Properties.
3) Biological significance of Colloids.
4) Definition & significance of - Viscosity, surface tension, Osmosis, Diffusion, Donnan
membrane equilibrium.
UNIT-4 Radioisotopes
1) Introduction of isotopes :-atomic Numbers, mass numbers,isotopes Radioisotopes unit of
radio activity. Half lives of isotopes. Radio acive decay.
2) Techniques used in mesurement of radioactivity:- Principle and method of
Autoradiography, Scintillation Counting, Geigermuller Counter.
3) Biological hazards of radiation and its safety.
4) Significances and applications of radio isotopes in various field of biological science and
medical field.
REFRENCE Books: -
1. Biophysical Chemistry BY Upadhayay and Nath.
2. Hawks biochemistry.
3. Human Physiology By C.C.Chetargy.
4. Principles of biochemistry – lehninger.
B. Sc. BIOCHEMISTRY
III SEMESTER
COURSE: US03CBCH04 (P)
(BIOCHEMISTRY PRACTICAL)
� Prepration of std. buffer.
� Mesurment of pH by pH meter.
� Centrifugation
� Verification of Beer’s law (methelene blue)
� Effect of hypotonic, hypertonic & isotonic solution on cells.
� Demonstrtion of UV spectrophotometer ( mesuerment of protein at 280
nm or nucliec acid at 260 nm.
REFRENCE BOOK: -
� STANDARD METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS – S.R. THIMMAIAH.
� PRACTICAL CILINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY methods & Interepretations –
RANJANA CHAWLA.
� PRACTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY BY HAROLD VARLEY.
B.Sc. BIOCHEMISTRY
IV SEMESTER
US04CBCH01
Biochemistry of Biomolecules II
UNIT I: Amino acids
� Proteins are polymers of amino acids, standard amino acids
� Classification of amino acids – Based on structure.
Aminoacids with aliphatic side chains.
Hydroxyl group containing aminoacids.
Sulphur containing amino acids.
Acidic amino acids and theirs amids.
Basic amino acids.
Aromatic amino acids and Imino acids.
Nutritional classification of amino acids.
Classification based on metabolic fate.
Classification based on their solubility.
� Non standard or uncommon or rare amino acids – Non protein amino acids
� Physical Properties – Isomerism, Isoelectric pH, Zwitter ion, Isoelectric point (IEP),
Sorenson’s titration curve.
� Chemical properties – Reactions involving (-COOH) group, Reaction involving (-NH2)
group, Reactions involving side chains.
UNIT II: Proteins
� Function and classifications.
� An overview of protein structure, peptide bond, primary,secondary,tertiary and
quaternary structure.
� Forces stabilizing the tertiary structure – Hydrophobic intraction, hydrogen bonds,ionic
interactions, Van der wals interactions and covalent cross linkages.
� Biological Important peptides.
� Protein denaturation.
� Precipitations reactions of proteins.
UNIT III: Nuclotide and Nucleic acids:
� Functions and composition of nuclecic acids
� Structure of nucleotides, purines and pyrimidines.
� Nomenclature of nucleotides.
� Structure of DNA – chargaff’s rule of DNA compositions
� DNA double helixs (Watson and crick model).
� Other types of DNA structure. Bent DNA, Triple standard DNA and Four Standard DNA.
� The size of DNA molecule-Units of length.
� Denaturation of DNA strands ,organization of DNA in the cell
� Structure of RNA,Types of RNA: mRNA,tRNA , r RNA.
UNIT IV: Vitamins and Minerals
� Definition,classification-Watersoluble and fat soluble vitamins. Sources, chemical
nature (without structure) functions of vitamins.
� Minerals – requirements
� Macro and Micro minerals - their sources, RDA and functions.
� Roles of Coenzymes .
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Biochemistry Mathews –Van Holde.
2. Fundamentals of biochemistry Dr. J.L Jain, Dr.Sanjay Jain. Nitin Jain.
3. Texbook of biochemistry for medical students DM. Vasudevan, Sreekumari S. Kannan
Vaidyanathan.
4. Zubay’s Principles of biochemistry VeerBala Rastogi K.R. Aneja.
5. Textbook of Biochemistry for medical students RAFI MD.
6. Biochemistry U.Satayanarayana, U Chakrapani.
7 Outlines of Biochemistry Eric E. Conn, Paul k. Stumpf, George Bruening , Roy H. Doi
8. Textbook of medical biochemistry Dinesh Puri.
9. Textbook of medical biochemistry: 7th
Edition – Rana Shinde, M.N. Chatterjea
B.Sc. BIOCHEMISTRY
IV SEMESTER
COURSE: US04CBCH02(P)
(BIOCHEMISTRY PRACTICAL)
� Study of protein colour reaction.
� Study of protein precipitation .
� Vit C titration – Ascorbic Acid volumetric method.
� Estimation of protein by Biuret method.
� Estimation of protein by Folin Lowery method.
� Quantitative estimation of Amino Acids.
� Estimation of mineral sulpur/ magnisium/ phosphorous.
REFRENCE BOOK: -
� STANDARD METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS – S.R. THIMMAIAH.
� PRACTICAL CILINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY methods & Interepretations –
RANJANA CHAWLA.
� PRACTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY BY HAROLD VARLEY.
B.Sc. BIOCHEMISTRY
IV SEMESTER
US04CBCH03 CELL BIOLOGY
UNIT-1 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION:-
• Structural Organization of Plant Cell and Animal Cell,
• Difference between Plant Cell and Animal Cell.
• Origin and Evolution of life from a single cell.
• General features and Biochemical Composition for following Organelles: -Plasma
membrane / Cell wall, Mitochondria, Golgi complex, Ribosomes, Lysosomes,
Peroxisome, Chloroplast, ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum), Cytoplasm.
UNIT-2 Cytoskeleton:-
• Actin filament: -Structure and Function, Polymerization and De Polymerization.
• Microtubule:-Symmetric -Assembly and Dynamic instability and microtubule.
• Centrosome: - location and Function, chromosome segregation. Tread milling,
intermediate filament Polymerization mechanism.
• Centrioles: - Structure and Function
UNIT-3 Cell Cycle:-
• Cell Cycle- Phases of cell cycle,
• Molecular events during cell cycle phases.
• Cell Cycle Regulation,
• cyclin Dependent kinases,
• Mitosis and meiosis.
UNIT-4 Apoptosis and Stem cell:-
• Types of Apoptosis,
• Mechanism of apoptosis,
• Stem cell types,
• Significance and Application.
REFRENCE Books:-
1. The Cell- A molecular Approch Geoffrey and cooper.
2. Cell Biology – C.b. Pawar Himalaya Publication.
3. Cytology – varma and Agrawal.
4. Cell and Molecular Biology –De Roberti’s -8th
edition.
5. Cell and Molecular Biology John wiley and sons.
6. Mol.biology and the cell-Albert.
7. Plant Physiology by Salisbury & Ross.
8. Plant Biochemistry by Hans-walter Heldt.
BSc. BIOCHEMISTRY
IV SEMESTER
COURSE: US04CBCH04(P)
(BIOCHEMISTRY PRACTICAL)
� Vital staining by Evan’s Blue.
� Demonstration of mitochondria by staining.
� Study of different stages of mitosis.
� Study of different stages of meiosis.
� Demonstation of nucleus.
REFRENCE BOOK: -
� STANDARD METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS – S.R. THIMMAIAH.
� PRACTICAL CILINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY methods & Interepretations –
RANJANA CHAWLA.
� PRACTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY BY HAROLD VARLEY.
� LABORATRY MANUAL IN BIOCHEMISTRY – BY J.JAYARAMAN
� LAB MANUAL IN BIOCHEMISTRY, IMMUNOLOGY & BIOTECH – BY Arti
Nigam, Archana Ayyagiri
� LABORATRY MANUAL IN BIOCHEMISTRY – BY SUBRAYAMAN
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B.Sc. (THIRD SEMESTER)
BIOLOGY
US03CBIO21 (T) CONCEPT OF BIOLOGY
(Four Credit Course, Four hours per week)
Effective from June-2019
(Total Marks-100, Internal 30 marks, External-70 marks)
UNIT 1: BIOLOGY – THE SCIENCE OF LIFE
Characteristics and Properties of life, Origin of life: three Hypothesis, The early earth, Major steps in
evolution of Life, Theory of Evolution by Charles Darwin, Origin of Cells, History of cell, Structure of
Prokaryotic cell, Structure of Eukaryotic cell (Cell wall, Cell membrane, Nucleus, Endoplasmic
Reticulum, Golgi body, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Ribosome), Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis with
significance.
UNIT 2: PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Brief account of Diffusion, Osmosis, Plasmolysis, Imbibition, Transpiration
Respiration- Glycolysis, Krebs cyle, Electron Transport Chain, ATP generation
Photosynthesis: Structure of stomata, Light reaction (cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation), Dark
reaction/Calvin cycle, C3 and C4 plants, Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
UNIT 3: CONCEPT OF GENE
Chromosomes: Morphology, structure and chemical composition, Karyotype, Euchromatin and
Heterochromatin
Genetic material: Nucleic acids- DNA and RNA, Nitrogen bases, Nucleoside, Nucleotide
Watson and Crick’s structural model of DNA.
Different forms of DNA
RNA- Structure of RNA, mRNA, t RNA and r RNA
Modern concept of gene
UNIT 4: GENE EXPRESSION
Transcription- Comparison between DNA replication and transcription, Mechanism of prokaryotic
transcription, Mechanism of Eukaryotic transcription.
Post transcriptional modifications.
Translation-Central Dogma
Stages of protein synthesis in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
• Genes: Lewin, Jones and Barlett Publishers
• Cell and Molecular Biology: De Roberties, Lipincott Williams and Williams (2008)
• Biochemistry-Lehninger Copyright 2011 Macmillan Pulishers Limited
• Cell Biology: Singh and Tomar
• Fundamentals of Biochemistry: J.L. Jain (publisher-s.chand group)
• Elementary Biochemistry: J.L. Jains (s.chand group)
• Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology: P.S. Verma and
V.K.Agarwal.( S. Chand and Company Ltd, New Delhi.
• Cell and Molecular Biology by Karp 5th Ed., ISBN 0471465801
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B.Sc. (THIRD SEMESTER)
BIOLOGY
US03CBIO 22(P) PRACTICAL BASED ON CONCEPT OF BIOLOGY
(Two Credit Course, four hours per week)
Effective from June-2019
(Total Marks-50, External-50 marks)
1. Study of prokaryotic cell structure-Bacteria (Temporary mount/PS)
2. Study of Plant cellular organization- Eukaryotic cell (Onion scaly leaf)
3. To demonstrate the importance of living membrane
4. Study of stomata (Epidermal leaf peeling)
5. Various cell division stages of mitosis from onion root tips.
6. Various cell division stages of meiosis from flower buds/PS
7. Micrometry for determination of cell size
8. To demonstrate the phenomenon of Imbibition
9. Study the phenomenon of Cell plasmolysis ( Tradescantia/ Rhoeo leaf)
10. To demonstrate the process of Endosmosis and Exosmosis
11. To demonstrate water loss (Transpiration) from leaf surface
12. To demonstrate stomatal transpiration by four leaves method
13. To demonstrate that oxygen is liberated during photosynthesis.
14. Determination of chlorophyll by absorption spectra
15. To study the R. Q. of different respiratory substrates by Ganong’s respirometer
16. To demonstrate liberation of CO2 during aerobic respiration
17. Separation of Leaf pigments by paper chromatography
18. Study of Polytene chromosomes (Chironemous larvae/ PS)
19. Estimation of DNA by DPA method.
20. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method
21. Estimation of Protein by Folin Lowry method
Sardar Patel University
Second Year B.Sc. (Third Semester)
Biology
US03CBIO23(T) - Applied Zoology
(Four Credit Course, Four hours per week)
(Effective from June 2019)
(Total Marks 100, Internal-30 marks, External 70-marks)
UNIT 1 - ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY Apiculture – Species of honey bees, Life history, Methods of Bee keeping, Appliances of modern
method, Products of Bee keeping
Lac Culture – Life history, Host plants, Cultivation of lac, Processing of lac, Economic importance
Seri Culture – Species of silkworm, Life history of Mulberry silkworm, Sericulture industry, Rearing of
silkworm
Pearl Culture – Pearl producing Molluscs, Pearl producing sites in India, Pearl formation, Harvesting of
Pearl, Composition and quality of Pearl
Fish Culture – Aim of Fish culture, Types of cultivable fishes, Types of Culture in India, External
factors affecting Fish Culture, Management of Fish Culture Programme
Poultry Farming – Fowl House, Food and Feeding of Fowls, Breeds of Fowls, Indigenous breeds,
Improved or Exotic Breeds, Breeding in fowls, Eggs and Hatching, Selection and Treatment of Eggs,
Precautions for Hatching, Disease of Poultry
UNIT 2 - ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS Terrestrial Adaptations: Desert, Burrowing, Cursorial, Arboreal, Volant
Aquatic Adaptations: Fresh water and Marine water
Special Adaptations: Mimicry in insects and birds, Camouflage in insects and reptiles, Echolocation In
Bats, Electric Organ In Fish
UNIT 3 - ANIMAL PARASITOLOGY Life Cycle and Pathogenicity Of
Protozoan Parasites (Balantidium coli, Leischmania donovani, Trypanosoma gambience)
Helminthic Parasites (Ancylostoma duodenale, Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides)
UNIT 4 - WILDLIFE BIOLOGY Introduction, Wildlife of Gujarat based on habitats
Importance of Wildlife, Vanishing Wildlife,
Concept of Threatened Species – Critically endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable and Data defficient
Special Projects for Endangered Species – Project Tiger, Gir Lion Project, Crocodile Breeding Project,
Project Elephant
Wildlife Management in India
National Parks and Sanctuaries of Gujarat
( * Designed following UGC Curriculum)
SUGGESTED READINGS: Modern Textbook of Zoology-Vertebrate by R. L. Kotpal
Medicinal Parasitology by Rajesh Karyakarte, Ajit Damle
Economic Zoology by Shukla and Upadhyay
Environmental Biology and Toxicology by P.D. Sharma
Medical Parasitology by Dey and Dey
Sardar Patel University
Second Year B.Sc. (Third Semester)
Biology
US03CBIO24 (P) -Applied Zoology
(Two Credit Course, Four hours per week)
(Effective from June 2019)
(Total Marks 50)
1. Study of life cycle of honey bee, silk moth, lac insect
2. Study of pearl culturing
3. Study of animals exhibiting terrestrial adaptations using specimen (Dessert, Burrowing,
Arboreal)
4. Study of animals exhibiting aquatic adaptations using specimen (Fresh water and Marine
water)
5. Study of animals exhibiting special adaptations using specimen (Mimicry, Camouflage,
Electric organ, Echolocation)
6. Study of parasites (Protozoan and Helminthic)
7. Study of endangered animals of gujarat (Mammals, Reptiles, Birds and Amphibian)
8. Field visit for studying apiculture (Report Submission)
9. Visit to fish farm and poultry farm (Report Submission)
10. Visit to study wildlife in Gujarat (National Park/Sanctuary/Zoo) (Report Submission)
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Manual of Practical Zoology Chordate by- P.S. Verma
Medical Parasitology by Dey & Dey
Manual of Practical Zoology Invertebrates by P.S. Verma
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B.SC. (FOURTH SEMESTER)
BIOLOGY
US04CBIO21 (T) AQUATIC BIOLOGY
(Four Credit Course, Four hours per week)
(Effective from June 2019)
(Total Marks 100, Internal-30 marks, External 70-marks)
UNIT 1: AQUATIC BIOMES
Brief introduction of the aquatic biomes: Fresh water ecosystem (Lakes, wetlands, streams and rivers), Estuaries,
intertidal zone, oceanic pelagic zone, marine benthic zone and coral reefs. Salinity and density of Sea water,
Continental shelf, Adaptations of deep sea organisms, Sea weeds.
UNIT 2: FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
Lakes: Origin and classification, Lake as an Ecosystem, Lake morphometry, Physico-chemical Characteristics:
Light, Temperature, Thermal stratification,
Streams: Different stages of stream development, Physico-chemical environment, Adaptation of hill-stream fishes.
Wetlands:
Definition, types of wetland (fresh water and marine): ecological significance of wetlands; threats of wetlands;
wetland conservation and management; Ramsar Convention,1971; major wetlands of Gujarat
Unit :3 Aqua culture
Definition and scope, Global scenario of aquaculture, Prospects of aqua culture for future development, types of
aqua culture- Pond culture, Monoculture, Polyculture
Important terms -Fish farming, Prawn farming, Oyster farming, Mariculture, Multi trophic aqua culture
Different levels of aquaculture, aquaculture methods- conventional and non conventional, Harvesting, Handling and
transportation of fresh fish, fish as food, Processing of Fish and other products, Quality control of aquaculture
products, Aquaculture economics,
UNIT 4: Water treaties and case studies
Major laws and treaties National water policy; water pollution (control and prevention) Act 1972; National River
linking plan: ecological and economic impacts. Case studies on River: Indus water treaty; Ganges water treaty;
Teesta water treaty Kaveri and Krishna river water disputes, Multipurpose river valley projects in India with its
environmental and social impacts, Case studies of dams - Narmada and Tehri dam – social and ecological losses
versus economic benefits, International conflicts on water sharing between India and her neighbours, Agreements to
resolve these conflicts.
Suggested Readings :
1. Bansil, P.C. 2004. Water Management in India. Concept Publishing Company, India.
2. Brebbia, C.A. 2013. Water Resources Management VII. WIT Press.
3. CEA. 2011. Water Resources and Power Maps of India. Central Board of Irrigation & Power.
4. Grumbine, R.E. & Pandit, M.K. 2013. Threats from India's Himalaya dams. Science 339: 36- 37.
5. Loucks, D.P., Stedinger, J.R. & Haith, D. A. 1981. Water Resource Systems Planning and Analysis. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall.
6. Mays, L.W. 2006. Water Resources Sustainability. The McGraw-Hill Publications.
7. Schward& Zhang, 2003. Fundamentals of Groundwater. John Willey and Sons.
8. Souvorov, A.V. 1999. Marine Ecologonomics: The Ecology and Economics of Marine Natural Resource
Management. Elsevier Publications.
9. Vickers, A. 2001. Handbook of Water Use and Conservation. WaterPlow Press.
( * Designed following UGC curriculum)
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B.SC. (FOURTH SEMESTER)
BIOLOGY
US04CBIO22 (P) AQUATIC BIOLOGY
(Two Credit Course, Four hours per week)
Effective from June 2019
(Total Marks 50, External marks- 50)
1. Determine the area of a lake using graphimetric and gravimetric method.
2. Study of important macrophytes from nearby wetland
3. Study of phytoplanktons and zooplanktons present in a aquatic ecosystem.
4. Study of coral reef
5. Study of sea weeds
6. Determine the amount of Turbidity/transparency,
7. Free Carbon dioxide, Alkalinity (carbonates & bicarbonates) in water collected from a
nearby lake/ water body.
8. Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen from pond water
9. Instruments used in limnology (Secchi disc, Van Dorn Bottle, Conductivity meter,
Turbidity meter, PONAR grab sampler) and their significance.
10. A Project Report on a visit to aquatic bodies- pond/ lake
11. A project report on visit to Marine bioreserve
12. Visit to aquafarm industry
13. Activities- aqua culture products –chart preparation
14. Activities- National river linking project – chart preparation
SUGGESTED READINGS:
• Anathakrishnan : Bioresources Ecology 3rd Edition
• Goldman : Limnology, 2nd Edition
• Odum and Barrett : Fundamentals of Ecology, 5th Edition
• Pawlowski : Physicochemical Methods for Water and Wastewater Treatment, 1st Edition
• Wetzel : Limnology, 3rd edition
• Trivedi and Goyal : Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B.SC. (FOURTH SEMESTER)
BIOLOGY
US04CBIO23 (T) ECONOMIC BOTANY
(Four Credit Course, Four hours per week)
(Effective from June 2019)
(Total Marks 100, Internal-30 marks, External 70-marks
UNIT 1: CEREALS & LEGUMES
Wheat and Rice (origin, morphology,processing and uses); Brief account of millets.
Origin, morphology and uses of Chick pea, Pigeon pea and fodder legumes.
Significance of Cereals and legumes
Drug-Yielding plants : Therapeutic and habit-forming drugs with special reference to Cinchona,
Digitalis, Papaver and Cannabis; Tobacco (Morphology, processing, uses and health hazards).
UNIT 2: SOURCES OF SUGARS AND SPICES
Morphology and processing of
Sugarcane : products and by-products of sugar industry. Potato morphology, propagation and
uses.
Spices : Listing of important spices, their family and part used.
Economic importance with special reference to fennel, saffron, clove and black pepper
UNIT 3: Timber, Rubber and Fibers
Timber plants : General account with special reference to Teak and Pine.
NATURAL RUBBER: Para-rubber : tapping, processing and uses.
Fibers : Classification based on the origin of fibers; Cotton, Coir and Jute (morphology,
extraction and uses).
UNIT 4: BEVERAGES AND OILS
Beverages : Tea, Coffee - Morphology, processing and uses.
Sources of oils and fats : General description, classification, extraction, their uses and health
implications of Groundnut, Coconut, Linseed, Soybean, Mustard (Botanical name & family).
Essential oils: General account, extraction methods, comparison with fatty oils and their uses.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Kochhar, S.L. (2012). Economic Botany in Tropics, MacMillan & Co. New Delhi, India.
2. Wickens, G.E. (2001). Economic Botany: Principles & Practices. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, The Netherlands.
3. Chrispeels, M.J. and Sadava, D.E. 1994 Plants, Genes and Agriculture. Jones & Bartlett -
Publishers.
( * Designed following UGC curriuculum)
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B.SC. (FOURTH SEMESTER)
BIOLOGY
US04CBIO24 (P) ECONOMIC BOTANY
(Two Credit Course, Four hours per week)
Effective from June 2019
(Total Marks 50, External Marks-50)
1. Cereals: Wheat (habit sketch, L. S/T.S. grain, starch grains, micro-chemical tests)
2. Rice (habit sketch, study of paddy and grain, starch grains, micro-chemical tests).
3. Legumes: Soybean, Groundnut, (habit, fruit, seed structure, micro-chemical tests).
4. Sources of sugars : Sugarcane ( habit sketch; cane juice- micro-chemical tests),
Potato (habit sketch, tuber morphology, T.S. tuber to show localization of starch grains,
w.m. starch grains, micro-chemical tests).
5. Spices: Black pepper, Fennel and Clove (habit and sections).
6. Beverages: Tea (plant specimen, tea leaves), Coffee (plant specimen, beans).
7. Sources of oils and fats: Coconut- T.S. nut, Mustard–plant specimen, seeds; tests for fats
in crushed seeds.
8. Essential oil-yielding plants: Habit sketch of Rosa, Vetiveria, Santalum and Eucalyptus
(specimens/photographs).
9. Rubber: specimen, photograph/model of tapping, samples of rubber products.
10. Drug-yielding plants: Specimens of Digitalis, Papaver and Cannabis.
11. Tobacco: specimen and products of Tobacco.
12. Woods: Tectona, Pinus: Specimen, Section of young stem.
13. Fiber-yielding plants: Cotton (specimen, whole mount of seed to show lint and fuzz;
whole mount of fiber and test for cellulose), Jute (specimen, transverse section of stem,
test for lignin on transverse section of stem and fiber).
14. Submission – chart preparation of types of fibers and products
( * Designed following UGC curriculum)
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Programme: BSC (BOTANY),
Semester: III
Syllabus with effect from: June 2019
US03CBOT21 4 CREDIT
PHYCOLOGY,MYCOLOGY AND PHYTOPATHOLOGY
Unit Description in detail Weighting
(%)
1 Cyanophyta and Xanthophyta
Ecology and occurrence; Range of thallus organization; Cell structure;
Reproduction,Morphology and life-cycle of Nostoc and Vaucheria.
Chlorophyta and Charophyta
General characteristics; Occurrence; Range of thallus organization; Cell
structure; Reproduction.Morphology and life-cycles of
Chlamydomonas,Chara.
Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta
Characteristics; Occurrence; Range of thallus organization; Cell structure;
Reproduction.Morphology and life-cycles of Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia.
Significant contributions of importantphycologists (F.E. Fritsch, G.M.
Smith, R.N. Singh, T.V. Desikachary, H.D. Kumar, M.O.P.Iyengar).
Role of algae in the environment, agriculture, biotechnology and industry
25
2 Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota
Characteristic features; Ecology and significance; Thallus organisation;
Reproduction; Life cyclewith reference to Synchytrium,
Ascomycota
General characteristics (asexual and sexual fruiting bodies); Ecology; Life
cycle, Heterokaryosis
and parasexuality; Life cycle and classification with reference to
Aspergillus,, Alternaria, Neurospora .
Basidiomycota
General characteristics; Ecology; Life cycle and Classification with
Agaricus; Bioluminescence, Fairy Rings and Mushroom Cultivation.
Oomycota General characteristics; Ecology; Life cycle and classification with reference
to Phytophthora,Albugo.
25
3 Symbiotic associations
Lichen – Occurrence; General characteristics; Growth forms and range of
thallus organization;
Nature of associations of algal and fungal partners; Reproduction;
Mycorrhiza-Ectomycorrhiza, Endomycorrhiza and their significance.
Applied Mycology
Role of fungi in biotechnology; Application of fungi in food industry
25
(Flavour & texture,Fermentation, Baking, Organic acids, Enzymes,
Mycoproteins); Secondary metabolites(Pharmaceutical preparations);
Agriculture (Biofertilizers); Mycotoxins; Biological
control(Mycofungicides, Mycoherbicides, Mycoinsecticides,
Myconematicides); Medical mycology.
4 Phytopathology Major Plant Diseases: Differentiation between bacterial, viral and fungal diseases
using morphological symptoms; Study of the following diseases in detail i.e. symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and disease control. Bacterial diseases – Citrus Canker, Angular leaf spot of cotton Viral diseases -Leaf curl of papaya, Yellow vein mosaic in bhindi. Fungal diseases- White rust of crucifers, red rot of sugarcane, Tikka disease of groundnut. Stripe rust of wheat. Phytoplasma diseases: Little leaf brinjal,
25
Suggested Readings
1. Agrios, G.N. (1997) Plant Pathology, 4th edition, Academic Press, U.K.
2. Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W., Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology, John Wiley &
Sons (Asia) Singapore. 4th edition.
3. Webster, J. and Weber, R. (2007). Introduction to Fungi, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge. 3rd edition.
4. Sethi, I.K. and Walia, S.K. (2011). Text book of Fungi and Their Allies, Macmillan Publishers
India Ltd.
5. Sharma, P.D. (2011). Plant Pathology, Rastogi Publication, Meerut, India.
Kumar, H.D. (1999). Introductory Phycology. Affiliated East-West Press, Delhi.
� College Botany Vol 2: Gangulee and Kar
� Algae by B. R. Vashistha
� Fungi by B. R. Vashistha
� Plant Pathology by Singh R. S.
� Botany by A. C. Dutta
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Programme: BSC (BOTANY)
Semester: III
Syllabus with effect from: June 2019 Paper Code: US03CBOT22
Title Of Paper: Practical
US03CBOT22 Total credit-2
No detail
1 Study of Gleotrichia and Vaucheria
2 Study of Chlamydomonas and chara
3 Study of Ectocarpus and Polysiphonia
4 Study of white rust of crucifers
5 Study of early blight of potato
6 Study of late blight of potato
7 Study of Rust of wheat
8 Study of Tikka disease of ground nut
9 Study of Aspergillus and Fusarium
10 Study of Alternaria and Colletotrichum
11 Preparation of potato dextrose culture medium and slants
12 Culturing of fungi
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Programme: BSC (BOTANY)
Semester: III
Syllabus with effect from: June 2019
Paper Code: US03CBOT23
PLANT ANATOMY,PHYSIOLOGY,TAXONOMY AND
BIOINFORMATICS
Total
Credit: 4
Unit Description in detail Weighting
(%)
1 Introduction and scope of Plant Anatomy :
Applications in systematics, forensics and pharmacognosy.
Classification of tissues; Simple and complex tissues
Plant Histology: Internal organization of plant body: The three tissue
systems, types of cells and tissues:
Meristem: Introduction, classification ,cytological characters
Parenchyma: Shape and arrangement, structure and contents
Collenchyma: Position in the plant body, structure and arrangement
Sclerenchyma: structure and types
Xylem: cell types and their cytology
Phloem : cell types and their cytology
2 Transpiration and Guttation
Seed dormancy and germination
Plant growth and growth regulators Growth and development: Definitions; phases of growth and factors ; Plant
hormones auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscissic acid and ethylene, history of
their discovery, mechanism of action.
Discovery, chemical nature (basic structure), bioassay and physiological
roles of Auxin,Gibberellins, Cytokinin, Abscisic acid, Ethylene,
Brassinosteroids and Jasmonic acid.
Physiology of flowering:
Photoperiodism, flowering stimulus, florigen concept, vernalization, seed
dormancy.
3 Plant Taxonomy
Biological concept of species
Characters , Examples and Economic importance of :
Annonaceae,Meliaceae,Leguminosae,Rubiaceae, Lamiaceae,
Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Myrtaceaeand Liliacaeae
4 Introduction to Bioinformatics
Introduction, Branches of Bioinformatics, Aim, Scope and Research areas
of Bioinformatics
What is bioinformatics?Defination,A multidisciplinary
approach,History,scope and applications of bioinformatics.
Bioinformatics in India-the flourishing approach.
Databases in Bioinformatics :
Introduction, Biological Databases, Classification ,format of Biological
Databases, BiologicalDatabase Retrieval System.
Basic Text & Reference Books:
� College Botany Vol 1: Gangulee , Das and Dutta
� Taxonomy of angiosperms: B. P. Pandey
� Plant Physiology: V. Verma
� Cell and Molecular Biology: De Robertis and De Robertis
A Text book of Bioinformatics by Sharma,Munjal and Shankar(Rastogi publication)
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Programme: BSC (BOTANY)
Semester: III
Syllabus with effect from: June 2019 Paper Code: US03CBOT24
Title Of Paper: Practical
US03CBOT24 Total credit-2
No detail
1 Study of mitosis in onion root tips using squash preparation
2 Study of parenchyma, chrorenchyma and aerenchyma using free hand
sectioning
3 Histochemical localization of lignin, crystals and Callose
4 Study of collenchyma in the young stem of sunflower and
localization ofcellulose
5 Study of Sclerenchyma in maceration
6 Study of xylem cells in maceration
7 Study of diagnostic characters of the members of Annonaceae
,Meliaceae and
Rubiaceae
8 Study of diagnostic characters of the members of Leguminosae
9 Study of diagnostic characters of the members of Lamiaceae,
Euphorbiaceae &
Asteraceae
10 Study of diagnostic characters of the members of Brassicaceae and
Myrtaceae
11 Separation of chlorophyll pigments using Paper/TLC
chromatography
12 To compare the rate of transpiration using Farmer/Ganong
photometer
13 Botanical Excursion
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Programme: BSC (BOTANY),
Semester: IV
Syllabus with effect from: June 2019
US04CBOT21 4 CREDIT
ARCHEGONIATES,ECONOMIC AND NUTRACEUTICAL
BOTANY
UNIT DESCRIPTION IN DETAIL WEIGHTAGE%
1 Unit 1: Introduction TO ARCHEGONIATES
Unifying features of archegoniates; Transition to land habit; Alternation
of generations.
Bryophytes
General characteristics; Adaptations to land habit; Classification; Range
of thallus organization.
Type Studies- Bryophytes
Classification (up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of
Marchantia,Pellia, Anthoceros, and Funaria;
Ecological and economic importance of bryophytes with special
reference to Sphagnum
2 Pteridophytes General characteristics; Classification; Early land plants -Rhynia.
Type Studies- Pteridophytes
Classification (up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of
Psilotum, Selaginella,Marsilea (Developmental details not to be
included).Apogamy, and apospory,heterospory andseed habit, telome
theory, stelar evolution; Ecological and economic importance
Gymnosperms
General characteristics, classification (up to family), morphology,
anatomy and reproduction of Pinus and Gnetum (Developmental details
not to be included); Ecological and economic importance.
3 ECONOMIC BOTANY:Major crops introduction with their distribution,botanical
name ,family,parts used and economic importance of foloowings:
Cereals:Wheat and Rice
Legumes: Chick pea, Pigeon pea and fodder legumes
Sources of sugars and starches:potato,sugarcane
Spices: fennel, saffron, clove and black pepper
Beverages:Tea, Coffee
Sources of oils and fats: groundnut,coconut, linseed, soybean, mustard
and coconutNatural Rubber,Drug-yielding plants: Cinchona,
Digitalis, Papaver andCannabis;Timber plants:Teak and PineFibers:
Cotton, Coir and Jute
4 Nutraceuticals bridging the gap between food and drug, Brief idea about some Nutraceutical rich supplements e.g. Bee pollen, Caffeine, Green tea, Lecithin, Mushroom extract, Chlorophyll, Kelp and Spirulina Introduction to Nutraceuticals as Science: Historical perspective, classification, scope & future prospects. Applied aspects of the Nutraceutical Science. Sources of Nutraceuticals. Properties, structure and functions of various Nutraceuticals: Glucosamine, Octacosanol, Lycopene, Carnitine, Melatonin and Ornithine alpha ketoglutarate and omega fatty acids Use of grape products, flaxseed oil as Nutraceuticals.
Basic Text & Reference Books:
� College Botany Vol 2 : Gangulee and Kar
� Pharmacognosy : Kokate ,Purohit and Gokhle
� Text Book of Pteridophyta by B. R. Vasistha and N. S. Parihar
� Text book of Gymnosperm by P.C. Vasistha
Economic botany in the tropics by S.L.Kochhar
Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional foods byRobert E.C.Wildman
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Programme: BSC (BOTANY)
Semester: IV
Syllabus with effect from: June 2019 Paper Code: US04CBOT22
Title Of Paper: Practical
US04CBOT22 Total credit-2
No detail
1 Marchantia- Morphology of thallus, whole mount of rhizoids &
Scales, vertical sectionof thallusthrough Gemma cup, whole mount of
Gemmae (all temporary slides), vertical section ofAntheridiophore,
Archegoniophore, longitudinal section of Sporophyte (all permanent
slides).
2 Anthoceros- Morphology of thallus, dissection of sporophyte (to
show stomata,
spores,pseudoelaters, columella) (temporary slide), vertical section of
thallus (permanent slide).
3 Pellia, Porella- Permanent slides.
4 Funaria- Morphology, whole mount of leaf, rhizoids, operculum,
peristome, annulus, spores
(temporary slides); permanent slides showing antheridial and
archegonial heads, longitudinal
section of capsule and protonema
5 Psilotum- Study of specimen, transverse section of synangium
(permanent slide).
6 Selaginella- Morphology, whole mount of leaf with ligule, transverse
section of stem, whole
mount of strobilus, whole mount of microsporophyll and
megasporophyll (temporary slides),
longitudinal section of strobilus (permanent slide).
7 Study of life history of Marsilea throughpermanent slides
8 Pinus- Morphology (long and dwarf shoots, whole mount of dwarf
shoot, male and female
cones), transverse section of Needle, transverse section of stem,
longitudinal section of /
transverse section of male cone, whole mount of microsporophyll,
whole mount of Microspores
9 Gnetum- Morphology (stem, male & female cones), transverse
section of stem, verticalsection of ovule (permanent slide)
10 Cereals: Wheat (habit sketch, L. S/T.S. grain, starch grains, micro-
chemical tests)Rice
(habit sketch, study of paddy and grain, starch grains, micro-chemical
tests).
2. Legumes: Soybean, Groundnut, (habit, fruit, seed structure, micro-
chemical tests).
3. Sources of sugars and starches: Sugarcane ( habit sketch; cane
juice- micro-chemical tests),
Potato(habit sketch, tuber morphology, T.S. tuber to show
localization of starch grains, w.m.
starch grains, micro-chemical tests).
11 Spices: Black pepper, Fennel and Clove (habit and sections).
5. Beverages: Tea (plant specimen, tea leaves), Coffee (plant
specimen, beans).
6. Sources of oils and fats: Coconut- T.S. nut, Mustard–plant
specimen, seeds; tests for fats in
crushed seeds.
7. Essential oil-yielding plants: Habit sketch of Rosa, Vetiveria,
Santalum and Eucalyptus
(specimens/photographs).
12 Rubber: specimen, photograph/model of tapping, samples of rubber
products.
Drug-yielding plants: Specimens of Digitalis, Papaver and
Cannabis.
Tobacco: specimen and products of Tobacco.
Woods: Tectona, Pinus: Specimen, Section of young stem.
Fiber-yielding plants: Cotton (specimen, whole mount of seed to
show lint and fuzz; wholemount of fiber and test for cellulose), Jute
(specimen, transverse section of stem, test for lignin
on transverse section of stem and fiber).
13 Botanical excursion
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Programme: BSC (BOTANY),
Semester: IV
Syllabus with effect from: June 2019
US04CBOT23 4 CREDIT
PLANT ANATOMY,EMBRYOLOGY,TISSUE CULTURE
AND BASICMOLECULAR BIOLOGY
UNIT DETAIL DESCRIPTION %WEIGHTAGE
1 Plant Anatomy
Structure of epidermal cells, Structure, function and types of Stomata
Structure, distribution, types and function of Laticifers
Structure, distribution, function and ecology of Nectaries
Structure and activity of Vascular Cambium
Structure and function of Periderm
Secondary growth of stem of Leptadenia and Boerhavvia
2 Introduction
History (contributions of G.B. Amici, W. Hofmeister, E. Strasburger,
S.G. Nawaschin, P.Maheshwari, B.M. Johri, W.A. Jensen, J. Heslop-
Harrison) and scope.
Plant Embryology
Induction of flowering; flower as a modified determinate shoot
Structure of Microsporangium and Megasporangium
Structure and development of male and female gametophyte
Pollination: Self and cross pollination, Pollination in Commelina,
Sunflower andFig,Double fertilization, Endosperm
3 Plant Tissue Culture
Historical perspective; Composition of media; Nutrient and hormone
requirements (role ofvitamins and hormones); Totipotency;
Organogenesis; Embryogenesis (somatic and zygotic);
Protoplast isolation, culture and fusion; Tissue culture applications
(micropropagation,androgenesis, virus elimination, secondary
metabolite production, haploids, triploids andhybrids;
Cryopreservation; Germplasm Conservation).
4 Nucleic acids : Carriers of genetic information
Historical perspective; DNA as the carrier of genetic information
(Griffith’s, Hershey & Chase,Avery, McLeod & McCarty, Fraenkel-
Conrat’s experiment.
The Structures of DNA and RNA / Genetic Material
DNA Structure: Miescher to Watson and Crick- historic perspective,
DNA structure, Salient features of double helix, Types of DNA, Types
of genetic material, denaturation andrenaturation, cot curves;
Organization of DNA- Prokaryotes, Viruses, Eukaryotes.RNA
Structure_Organelle DNA -- mitochondria and chloroplast DNA.
Introduction to central dogma of molecular biology(DNA
Replication,Transcription and Translation)
Basic Text & Reference Books:
� Plant anatomy: A. Fahn
� College Botany Vol 1: Gangulee, Das and Dutta
� Plant tissue culture and biotechnology: Kavi Kishore P.B.
� Genetics: P.S. Verma and Agarwal
� Text book of Env. Biotechnology: P.K.Mahapatra
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Programme: BSC (BOTANY)
Semester: III
Syllabus with effect from: June 2019 Paper Code: US04CBOT24
Title Of Paper: Practical
US04CBOT24 Total credit-2
No detail
1 Anther: Wall and its ontogeny; Tapetum (amoeboid and glandular); MMC,
spore tetrads,
uninucleate, bicelled and dehisced anther stages through
slides/micrographs, male germ unit
(MGU) through photographs and schematic representation
2 Pollen grains: Fresh and acetolyzed showing ornamentation and aperture,
psuedomonads,
polyads, pollinia (slides/photographs,fresh material), ultrastructure of
pollen wall(micrograph);
Pollen viability: Tetrazolium test.germination: Calculation of percentage
germination in different
media using hanging drop method.
3 Ovule: Types-anatropous, orthotropous, amphitropous/campylotropous,
circinotropous,
unitegmic, bitegmic; Tenuinucellate and crassinucellate; Special structures:
Endothelium,
obturator, hypostase, caruncle and aril (permanent
slides/specimens/photographs)
4 Female gametophyte through permanent slides/ photographs: Types,
ultrastructure of mature egg
apparatus.
5 To dissect out embryo from suitable materials
6 To test the viability of seed
7 Epidermal system: cell types, stomata types; trichomes: non-glandular and
glandular
8 Study of types of stomata through peeling and imprints
9 Study of laticifers in Papaya, Euphorbia and Calotropis
10 Study of Cyathial nectary using free hand sectioning
11 Study of vascular cambium and phloem tissue in T.S. (free hand
sectioning)
12 Study of xylem by maceration technique/ and phloem
13 Study of secondary tissues in the stem of Leptadenia and Boerhavvia (free
hand
sectioning)
14 Histochemical localization of Tannin ,Gum ,Sugar, Mucilage ,Starch
,Lipids,Cellulose and Proteins
15 Preparation of LB medium and raising E.Coli
16 DNA isolation from cauliflower head.
17 Study of DNA replication mechanisms through photographs
18 Preparation of MS medium
19 Isolation of protoplasts
20
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B. Sc. (THIRD SEMESTER )
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
US03CENV21 (T): FUNDAMENTALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(Four Credit Course, Four hours per week)
(Effective from June – 2019)
(Total Marks-100, Internal-30 marks, External -70 marks)
UNIT 1: ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS:
Definition, Principles and scope of Environmental Science, Basic concepts of light and matter, Laws of
thermodynamics and the human body, Energy transfers (conduction, convection), Spectroscopic concepts (concept
of absorption and transmission of light, Beer–Lambert law), Basic concepts of force, Types of forces and their
relation (pressure gradient, viscous, coriolis, gravitational, centripetal, and centrifugal force), Concept of
temperature (lapse rate, dry and moist adiabatic)
UNIT 2: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY:
Atomic structure, Mole concept (molarity and normality), Quantitative volumetric analysis, Types of chemical
reactions (acids, bases and salts, solubility products, solutes and solvents), Concepts of pH and electrochemistry,
Dissolution and precipitation reactions, Basic concepts of biomolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and
vitamins)
UNIT 3: ETHICS AND POPULATION ISSUES:
Introduction and scope of environmental management, Need of environmental ethics, Guiding principles of
environmental ethics, Basic directives of environmental ethics, Individual’s obligations to community, Rights of
nature, Our obligations to future generation, Human population as a global environmental problem, Three phases of
population growth (lag phase, rapid growth phase, stabilization phase), Biotic potential, Analysing the pattern of
population growth.
UNIT 4: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIETY:
Social and cultural construction of ‘environment’, Developmental issues and related impacts (ecological
degradation, environmental pollution), Development-induced displacement, Resettlement and rehabilitation
(problems, concerns, and compensative mechanisms), Evaluation of sustainable development, Participation of
Community in Sustainable development, Project Affected People (PAPs), Imperatives for sustainable development,
Slacking pace of climate change, Green Technologies for sustainable development, Major conservation efforts for
society – WWF, IUCN, UNEP, CPCB, MOEF, GCPC, CITES, ENVIS, Role of NGO’s in Environment protection.
( * Designed following UGC Curriculum)
SUGGESTED READINGS:
• Environmental Chemistry by A. K. De
• Environmental Science - Arms Karen
• Destruction of hazardous chemicals- G.Lunn, E.B.Sandome
• Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry, H. J Arnikar, Wiley Eastern Limited, 4thEdition.(1995)
• Principles of Environmental Science-Watt, K. E. F. (1973) McGraw-Hill Book Company.
• Environmental Science –Noble, B .J. Kormandy, E.J. (1981). The way worldworks, Prentice-Hall Inc., N .J.
• Environmental Issues: Measuring, Analyzing, Evaluating, Abel, Daniel C. McConnell, Robert L. Abel, Daniel
C. Edi. 2 Prentice Hall Publication
• Beard, J.M. 2013. Environmental Chemistry in Society (2nd edition). CRC Press.
• Connell, D.W. 2005. Basic Concepts of Environmental Chemistry (2nd edition). CRC Press.
• Forinash, K. 2010. Foundation of Environmental Physics. Island Press.
• Girard, J. 2013. Principles of Environmental Chemistry (3rd edition). Jones & Bartlett.
• Manhan, S. E. 2000. Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry. CRC Press.
• Pani, B. 2007. Textbook of Environmental Chemistry. IK international Publishing
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B. Sc. (THIRD SEMESTER)
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
US03CENV22 (P): PRACTICAL BASED ON FUNDAMENTALS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(Two Credit Course, Four hours per week)
(Effective from June – 2019)
(Total Marks-50, External -50 marks)
1. To determine pH, temperature, electrical conductivity and turbidity
2. To prepare solutions to understand molarity and normality
3. Verification of Beer’s law
a) KMnO4
b) Methylene blue
4. To identify the given carbohydrates
a) Glucose
b) Fructose
c) Sucrose
d) Maltose
e) Lactose
5. Estimation of lipids
6. Estimation ofvitamins
7. Estimation of proteins
8. To study Aldo Leopold’s Land Ethic
9. Demonstrate the working of spectrophotometer
10. To estimate sulphate from given water sample
11. To estimate phosphate from given water sample
12. Report writing on Environmental Organization with chart preparation
13. Visit to NGO (environment concerned)
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B. Sc. (THIRD SEMESTER )
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
US03CENV23 (T): ECOLOGY & WATER RESOURCES
(Four Credit Course, Four hours per week)
(Effective from June – 2019)
(Total Marks-100, Internal-30 marks, External -70 marks)
UNIT 1: POPULATION ECOLOGY:
Introduction, Population characteristics (spacing, size and density, dispersion, growth forms, age
structure, natality, mortality), Concepts of growth rate, Survivorship curve, Biotic potential, Population
dynamics, Theory of population growth, Population regulation, Species survivability, ‘r’and ‘k’ selected
species.
UNIT 2: COMMUNITY ECOLOGY:
Definition, Characteristics, Composition, Structure, Origin and development, Analytical characters
(quantitative and qualitative), Synthetic characters, Methods of study of communities (floristic methods,
physiognomic methods and phytosociological methods), Ecological succession (causes, basic types,
general process), Hydrosere, Lithosere.
UNIT 3: WATER- PROPERTIES & CHEMISTRY:
Sources and types of water, Hydrological cycle,Precipitation, Runoff, Infiltration, Evaporation,
Evapotranspiration,Major inorganic and organic constituents of water, Physical,Chemical and Biological
properties of water, water table, vertical distribution of water, Formation and properties of aquifers,
Techniques for ground water recharge, River structure and patterns, Watershed and drainage basins
UNIT 4: WATER RESOURCE AND MANAGEMENT:
Demand for water (agriculture, industrial, domestic),Overuse and depletion of surface and ground water
resources,Water quality standards in India, Hot Spots of surface water,Water Resources Planning and
Management (Introduction, Needs, System Components, Planning and Management, Models, Adaptive
Integrated Policies, Role of government)
( * Designed following UGC Curriculum)
SUGGESTED READINGS:
• Fundamentals of Ecology – E.P.Odum (1997) Natraj Publishers, Dehradun
• Fundamentals of Ecology – M.C.Dash (1993) Tata Mc. Graw Hill Pub.
• Ecology and Environment – P.D.Sharma
• Bansil, P.C. 2004. Water Management in India. Concept Publishing Company, India.
• Brebbia, C.A. 2013. Water Resources Management VII. WIT Press.
• CEA. 2011. Water Resources and Power Maps of India. Central Board of Irrigation & Power.
• Mays, L.W. 2006. Water Resources Sustainability. The McGraw-Hill Publications.
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B. Sc. (THIRD SEMESTER )
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
US03CENV24 (P): PRACTICAL BASED ON ECOLOGY & WATER RESOURCES
(Two Credit Course, Four hours per week)
(Effective from June – 2019)
(Total Marks-50, External -50 marks)
1. To calculate natality and mortality of given population
2. Estimation of Total Solids, Total dissolved solids and Total Suspended Solids
3. To determine the minimum size of quadrat by species area-curve method
4. To study communities by quadrat method and to determine % frequency, density and
abundance
5. To determine minimum number of quadrats required for estimate of biomass in grassland
6. To study frequency of herbaceous species in grassland and to compare the frequency
distribution with Raunkiaer’s standard frequency diagram
7. To estimate Importance Value Index for grassland species on basis of relative frequency,
relative density and relative dominance
8. To determine basal cover or vegetational cover of one herbaceous community by quadrat
9. To measure vegetation cover through point frame method
10. To prepare list of plant occurring in grassland using line transect
11. To determine diversity indices ( richness, Simpson, Shannon-Wiener) in grassland
12. Estimation of Alkalinity and Acidity
13. Estimation of Dissolved Oxygen
14. To estimate Nitrate from given water sample
15. To estimate Boron from given water sample
16. Preparation of water management model
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B. Sc. (THIRD SEMESTER)
Skill Enhancement Course
US03SMED21 (T): MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS
(Two Credit Course, Two hours per week)
(Effective from June – 2019)
(Total Marks-50, Internal-15 marks, External -35 marks)
Unit 1: Medical Diagnostics -Introduction
Scope and Importance
Diagnostics Methods Used for Analysis of Blood
Blood composition, Preparation of blood smear and Differential Leucocyte Count
(D.L.C) using Leishman's stain, Platelet count using Haemocytometer, Erythrocyte
Sedimentary Rate (E.S.R), Packed Cell Volume (P.C.V.)
Unit 2:Non-infectious Diseases
Causes, types, symptoms, complications, diagnosis and prevention of Diabetes (Type I
and Type II), Hypertension (Primary and secondary), Testing of blood glucose using
Glucometer/Kit
Unit 3: Infectious Diseases
Causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis and prevention of Tuberculosis and Hepatitis
Contagious diseases- HIV, TB, Measles
Unit 4: Tumours
Types (Benign/Malignant), Detection and metastasis; Medical imaging: X-Ray of Bone
fracture, PET, MRI and CT Scan (using photographs).
( * Designed following UGC Curriculum)
SUGGESTED READINGS
• Park, K. (2007), Preventive and Social Medicine, B.B. Publishers
• Godkar P.B. and Godkar D.P. Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology, II
Edition, Bhalani Publishing House
• Cheesbrough M., A Laboratory Manual for Rural Tropical Hospitals, A Basis for
Training Courses
• Guyton A.C. and Hall J.E. Textbook of Medical Physiology, Saunders
• Robbins and Cortan, Pathologic Basis of Disease, VIIIEdition, Saunders
• Prakash, G. (2012), Lab Manual on Blood Analysis and Medical Diagnostics, S.
Chand and Co. Ltd.
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B. Sc. (FOURTH SEMESTER )
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
US04CENV21 (T): ECOLOGY AND SOIL SCIENCE
(Four Credit Course, Four hours per week)
(Effective from June – 2019)
(Total Marks-100, Internal-30 marks, External -70 marks)
UNIT 1: ECOLOGICAL CYCLES AND ADAPTATIONS:
Morphological and Anatomical ecological adaptations of plants (Hydrophytes, Xerophytes and
Halophytes), Morphological and Anatomical ecological adaptations of animals (Mesocoles, Xerocoles),
Biogeochemical cycles (Oxygen cycle, Phosphorus cycle, Sulphur cycle)
UNIT 2: BIOGEOGRAPHY AND WILDLIFE:
Introduction, Species’ habitats, Island biogeography theory, Equilibrium theory of Insular Biogeography
geography of diversification and invasion, Phylogeography, Phytogeography (Definition, major plant
communities of the world, Phytogeographical regions of the world, Floristic regions of India),
Zoogeography (Definition, Factors determining distribution of animals with space, Zoogeographical
regions of the world, Biodiversity in India, Wildlife of India, Endangered flora and fauna of India,
Wildlife management in India)
UNIT 3: SOIL CHEMISTRY:
Introduction, Types of soil, Classification of soil, Physicaland Chemical properties of soil, Mechanism of
nitrogen fixation,Soil profile, Soil texture, Soil composition, Soil Weathering and Paedogenesis,
Inorganic and Organic components in soil, Organic matter decomposion, Soil humus, Cation and Anion
exchange reactions in soil
UNIT 4: LAND AND SOIL CONSERVATION:
Land as a resource, Soil biodiversity and micronutrients, Ecological and economic importance of soil,
Types of land use, Topographic factors (Height of mountain, Direction, Steepness of slop), Soil health,
Soil erosion, Types and causes of soil degradation, Impact of soil loss and soil degradation, Need for soil
conservation, Land conservation strategies, Soil conservation techniques
SUGGESTED READING:
• Fundamentals of Ecology – E.P.Odum (1997) Natraj Publishers, Dehradun
• Fundamentals of Ecology – M.C.Dash (1993) Tata Mc. Graw Hill Pub.
• Ecology and Environment – P.D.Sharma
• Brady, N.C. & Well, R.R. 2007.The Nature and Properties of Soils (13th edition),
PearsonEducation Inc.
• Johnson, D.L. 2006. Land Degradation (2nd edition). Rowman& Littlefield Publishers.
• Marsh, W. M. &Dozier,J. 1983. Landscape Planning: Environmental Applications. John Wiley
and Sons.
( * Designed following UGC curriculum)
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B. Sc. (FOURTH SEMESTER)
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
US04CENV22 (P): PRACTICAL BASED ON ECOLOGY AND SOIL SCIENCE
(Two Credit Course, Four hours per week)
(Effective from June – 2019)
(Total Marks-50, External -50 marks)
1. Analysis of soil organic carbon and organic matter
2. Study soil profile and soil taxonomy maps of given soil sample
3. Assessment of Soil bulk density
4. Assessment of Soil particle density and pore space
5. Assessment of water holding capacity
6. Determination of salinity and sodicity
7. To calculate Soil temperature and soil colloids
8. Study of morphological and anatomical adaptations of Hydrophytes
9. Study of morphological and anatomical adaptations of Xeroophytes
10. Study of Wildlife map of India
11. Preapration of Soil health Chart
12. Preparation of Soil health Card for Farmers of nearby agricultural fields
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B. Sc. (FOURTH SEMESTER)
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
US04CENV23 (T): ECOSYSTEM AND EARTH SCIENCE
(Four Credit Course, Four hours per week)
(Effective from June – 2019)
(Total Marks-100, Internal-30 marks, External -70 marks)
UNIT 1: ECOSYSTEM:
Introduction, Energy flow in ecosystem, Single channel energy model, Y shaped energy model, Productivity of
ecosystems, Measurement of productivity in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, Factors affecting productivity,
Climatic factors of Ecosystem- Light (Effect of light quality, intensity and duration on plant and animal life),
Temperature (Effect of temperature, thermal stratification in lakes)
UNIT 2: METEOROLOGY:
Importance of meteorology, Earth Sun relationship, Ecliptic and equatorial plane, Rotation and revolution of the
Earth Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion and Aphelion, Causes of seasons, Seasonal and latitudinal variation of
insolation, Scale of Meteorology, Concept, Aims, Measurement and Data collection on Meteorological parameters
(temperature, pressure, relative humidity, Wind speed and direction, precipitation), Atmospheric stability and
mixing heights.
UNIT 3: EARTH SCIENCE:
Solar system formation and planetary differentiation, Formation of the Earth (formation and composition of core,
mantle, crust), Chemical composition of Earth, Geological time scale and major changes on the Earth’s surface,
Holocene and the emergence of Humans, Role of humans in shaping landscapes, Development of cultural
landscapes.
UNIT 4: ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE CHANGE:
Atmosphere- Composition, Vertical layers of the atmosphere, Major and trace gases, Atmospheric photochemistry,
Reaction of nitrogen, oxygen, ozone, chlorides etc., Properties of dust and aerosols in the atmosphere, Radiative
Balance and the Natural Greenhouse effect, Major greenhouse gases, Kyoto Protocol, Atmospheric Circulation
Patterns, El-Nino and La-Nina, climatic cycles, Global ozone problem (Ozone in atmosphere, Ozone depletion
process, Ozone hole, Worldwide Ozone trends, Montreal Protocol, Consequences of Ozone depletion (climate,
Human health, Terrestrial and Aquatic ecosystems)
( * Designed following UGC curriculum)
SUGGESTED READINGS:
• The Earth System (3rd Edition) 3rd Edition- Lee R. Kump, James F. Kasting, Robert G. Crane
• Holmes' Principles of Physical Geology 4th ed. 1993 Edition- Arthur Holmes (Ed) P. Mc L. D. Duff
• Introduction to Physical Geology 1998. G.R. Thompson, & J. Turk
• Planet Earth: Cosmology, Geology, and the Evolution of Life and Environment- CesareEmiliani
• Environmental Geology – K.S. Valdiya
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B. Sc. (FOURTH SEMESTER )
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
US04CENV24 (P): PRACTICAL BASED ON ECOSYSTEM AND EARTH SCIENCE
(Two Credit Course, Four hours per week)
(Effective from June – 2019)
(Total Marks-50, External -50 marks)
1. Determination of Primary productivity by light and dark bottles
2. To calculate sums based on Productivity
3. To estimate Sodium & Potassium from given sample
4. To analyse effect of light and temperature
5. Measurement of Biological Oxygen Demand from water samples
6. Study of meteorological instruments (Part 1)– Simple Thermometer, Minimum-
Maximum Thermometer, Wet and Dry bulb Thermometer
7. Study of meteorological instruments (Part 2)–Stevenson’s screen, Cup anemometer, Rain
Gauge, Hygrograph, Lux meter, Barometer, Planimeter
8. Study of Greenhouse Gas Simulation
9. Determination of Carbon dioxide
10. Estimation of Carbonates from soil sample
11. Study of 3d models of Earth and activity of atmospheric stratification
12. Study Geological scale of Earth
13. Academic Visit (meteorological department of Anand Agri Uni.)
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SECOND YEAR B.Sc. (FOURTH SEMESTER)
Skill Enhancement Course
US04SHTE21 (T) Herbal Technology
(Two Credit Course, Two hours per week)
Effective from June-2019
(Total Marks-50, Internal -15 marks, External-35 marks)
Unit 1: Herbal medicines: history of medicine in India , definition of medical terms - role of
medicinal plants in Siddha systems of medicine; cultivation - harvesting - processing - storage -
marketing and utilization of medicinal plants. Medicial plant banks, micropropagation of imp
species
Unit 2: Pharmacognosy – Definition, History and scope of Pharmacognosy, classification of
drugs of natural origin, Scheme for Pharmacognostic study of a drug,
Botanical source, geographical distribution, chemical constituents and medicinal uses of the
following in curing various ailments: Tulsi, Ginger, Fenugreek, Amla and Ashoka.
Unit 3: Natural drugs of therapeutic value-
Laxatives,Cardiotonics, Astringents, Drugs acting on nervous system, Antirheumatics, antitumor,
antidiabetics, Diuretics, Antidysenterics, Antimalarial (with two examples in each )
Unit 4: Analytical pharmacognosy –
Drug adulteration - methods of drug adulteration, methods of evaluation –Significance of
Phrmacopoeial standards
Properties, chemistry, classification and distribution of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Volatile oils,
Tannins, Resins, fixed oils
Herbal foods-future of pharmacognosy
Suggested Readings :
1. Glossary of Indian medicinal plants, R.N.Chopra, S.L.Nayar and I.C.Chopra, 1956.
C.S.I.R, New Delhi.
2. The indigenous drugs of India, Kanny, Lall, Dey and Raj Bahadur, 1984.
International Book Distributors.
3. Herbal plants and Drugs Agnes Arber, 1999. Mangal Deep Publications.
4. Ayurvedic drugs and their plant source. V.V. Sivarajan and Balachandran Indra 1994.
Oxford IBH publishing Co.
5. Ayurveda and Aromatherapy. Miller, Light and Miller, Bryan, 1998. Banarsidass, Delhi.
6. Principles of Ayurveda, Anne Green, 2000. Thomsons, London.
( * Designed following UGC curriculum)
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
S . Y. B. Sc.- Microbiology
Semester - III
US03CMIC 21- Elements of Microbiology - I
(04 Credits; 4 Hrs/week)
(Effective from June 2019)
Unit : 1
Historical development and Scope of Microbiology :
- Discovery of Microorganisms
- Spontaneous generation versus Biogenesis.
- Germ theory of Fermentation
- Germ theory of disease
- Laboratory techniques and pure cultures
- Principle of Immunization
- Widening horizons:
Medical microbiology
Agricultural and Industrial microbiology
Molecular biology
- Applied areas of Microbiology
Unit : 2
Ultra structure of Bacterial cell:
- Morphology of bacteria
- Basic structure of Bacterial cell
- Structure external to the cell wall:
Flagella, Pili, Capsules, Sheaths, Prosthecae and stalks.
Cell wall structure and chemical composition.
- Structure internal to the cell wall :
Cytoplasmic membrane
Protoplasts and Spheroplast
Membranous intrusions and Intracellular membrane systems.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasmic inclusions and vacuoles
Nuclear material
Endospore and Cysts .
Unit : 3
Microscopic examination of microorganisms:
(A) Stains and staining:
- Introduction to Stains and Dyes
- Principles of staining.
- Steps in staining process.
- Role of intensifier, mordant & decolorizer
- Types of staining:
Simple staining
Negative staining
Differential staining (Gram staining and Acid fast staining)
(B ) Microscopy :
- Principles of Microscopy, magnification and resolving power
- Light microscopy: Simple and compound microscope.
- Principles and applications of phase contrast, fluorescent and Electron
Microscopy.
Unit- 4
Characterization, Classification and Identification of Microorganisms:
- Place of microorganisms in living world
- Whittaker’s five kingdom concept
- Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.
- Major characteristics of Microorganisms.
Microbial Classification: Taxonomic groups
General Methods of Classifying Bacteria -
- Intuitive method, Numerical Taxonomy , Genetic Relatedness.
Nomenclature and Identification
Reference Books:
1. Microbiology - Pelczar, Chan, & Krieg , 5th
edition
2. Elementary Microbiology - H. A. Modi
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
S . Y. B. Sc.- Microbiology
Semester - III
US03CMIC 22- Elements of Microbiology - I (Practicals)
(02 Credits; 4 Hrs/week)
(Effective from June 2019)
1. Introduction to Laboratory apparatus.
2. Preparation of Reagents – Preparation of normal, molar & % solution of HCL, NaOH.
3. Simple staining - Monochrome staining & Negative staining
4. Demonstration of Permanent Slide.
5. Study of Bacterial motility by hanging drop preparation.
6. Gram’s staining
7. Cell wall staining
8. Capsule staining.
9. Endospore staining.
10. Metachromatic granule staining
11. Demonstration of Micrometry.
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
S . Y. B. Sc.- Microbiology
Semester - III
US03CMIC 23- Microbial Physiology
(04 Credits; 4 Hrs/week)
(Effective from June 2019)
Unit : 1
Cultivation of Bacteria:
- Nutritional requirements.
- Nutritional types of bacteria
- Common ingredients of media
- Types of media
Isolation:
- Pure cultures
- Methods of isolating pure cultures
- Maintenance & Preservation of Pure cultures
Unit : 2
Growth of Bacteria:
- Methods of Reproduction in Bacteria
- Mathematical expression of Growth
- Measurement of Growth.
- Growth curve of Bacteria
- Synchronous Growth
- Continuous culture
- Diauxic growth
- Physical condition required for growth : Temperature, Gaseous requirements
(Aerobes and Anaerobes), PH & Miscellaneous Physical requirements.
Unit : 3
Control of Microorganisms by Physical agents
- Fundamentals of control
- Definition of terms
- Condition influencing antimicrobial action
- Mode of action of antimicrobial agents.
- Physical agents: High temperature, Low temperature, Desiccation, Osmotic pressure,
Radiation,Filtration.
Unit : 4
Control of Microorganism by Chemical agents
- Characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial chemical agents
- Selection of chemical agent
- Major groups of chemical Antimicrobial agents
- Evaluation of antimicrobial chemical agents
- Antibiotics: Mode of action of Penicillin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Nystatins &
AZT.
Reference Books :
1. Microbiology - Pelczar, Chan, & Krieg , 5th
edition
2. Elementary Microbiology - H. A. Modi
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
S . Y. B. Sc.- Microbiology
Semester - III
US03CMIC 24 - Microbial Physiology (Practicals)
(02 Credits; 4 Hrs/week)
(Effective from June 2019)
1. Preparation of media – Nutrient broth / agar
2. Disposal of Laboratory waste and media.
3. Streak plate method for isolation of bacteria.
4. Spread plate technique for isolation of bacteria.
5. Use of selective and differential media (MacConkey’s and EMB agar medium)
6. Effect of environmental factors on the growth of microorganisms – Temp. & pH .
7. Study of Oligodynamic action.
8. Effect of antibiotic on growth of test organisms.
9. Effect of antimicrobial agents on the growth of bacteria (Antibiotic, Phenol, Crystal
violet).
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
S . Y. B. Sc.- Microbiology
Semester - III
US03CMIC 21- Elements of Microbiology - I
(04 Credits; 4 Hrs/week)
(Effective from June 2019)
Unit : 1
Historical development and Scope of Microbiology :
- Discovery of Microorganisms
- Spontaneous generation versus Biogenesis.
- Germ theory of Fermentation
- Germ theory of disease
- Laboratory techniques and pure cultures
- Principle of Immunization
- Widening horizons:
Medical microbiology
Agricultural and Industrial microbiology
Molecular biology
- Applied areas of Microbiology
Unit : 2
Ultra structure of Bacterial cell:
- Morphology of bacteria
- Basic structure of Bacterial cell
- Structure external to the cell wall:
Flagella, Pili, Capsules, Sheaths, Prosthecae and stalks.
Cell wall structure and chemical composition.
- Structure internal to the cell wall :
Cytoplasmic membrane
Protoplasts and Spheroplast
Membranous intrusions and Intracellular membrane systems.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasmic inclusions and vacuoles
Nuclear material
Endospore and Cysts .
Unit : 3
Microscopic examination of microorganisms:
(A) Stains and staining:
- Introduction to Stains and Dyes
- Principles of staining.
- Steps in staining process.
- Role of intensifier, mordant & decolorizer
- Types of staining:
Simple staining
Negative staining
Differential staining (Gram staining and Acid fast staining)
(B ) Microscopy :
- Principles of Microscopy, magnification and resolving power
- Light microscopy: Simple and compound microscope.
- Principles and applications of phase contrast, fluorescent and Electron
Microscopy.
Unit- 4
Characterization, Classification and Identification of Microorganisms: - Place of microorganisms in living world
- Whittaker’s five kingdom concept
- Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.
- Major characteristics of Microorganisms.
Microbial Classification: Taxonomic groups
General Methods of Classifying Bacteria -
- Intuitive method, Numerical Taxonomy ,Genetic Relatedness.
Nomenclature and Identification
Reference Books:
1. Microbiology - Pelczar, Chan, & Krieg , 5th
edition
2. Elementary Microbiology - H. A. Modi
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
S . Y. B. Sc.- Microbiology
Semester - III
US03CMIC 22- Elements of Microbiology - I (Practicals)
(02 Credits; 4 Hrs/week)
(Effective from June 2019)
12. Introduction to Laboratory apparatus.
13. Preparation of Reagents – Preparation of normal, molar & % solution of HCL, NaOH.
14. Simple staining - Monochrome staining & Negative staining
15. Demonstration of Permanent Slide.
16. Study of Bacterial motility by hanging drop preparation.
17. Gram’s staining
18. Cell wall staining
19. Capsule staining.
20. Endospore staining.
21. Metachromatic granule staining
22. Demonstration of Micrometry.
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
S . Y. B. Sc.- Microbiology
Semester - III
US03CMIC 23- Microbial Physiology
(04 Credits; 4 Hrs/week)
(Effective from June 2019)
Unit : 1
Cultivation of Bacteria:
- Nutritional requirements.
- Nutritional types of bacteria
- Common ingredients of media
- Types of media
Isolation:
- Pure cultures
- Methods of isolating pure cultures
- Maintenance & Preservation of Pure cultures
Unit : 2
Growth of Bacteria:
- Methods of Reproduction in Bacteria
- Mathematical expression of Growth
- Measurement of Growth.
- Growth curve of Bacteria
- Synchronous Growth
- Continuous culture
- Diauxic growth
- Physical condition required for growth : Temperature, Gaseous requirements
(Aerobes and Anaerobes), PH & Miscellaneous Physical requirements.
Unit : 3
Control of Microorganisms by Physical agents
- Fundamentals of control
- Definition of terms
- Condition influencing antimicrobial action
- Mode of action of antimicrobial agents.
- Physical agents: High temperature, Low temperature, Desiccation, Osmotic pressure,
Radiation,Filtration.
Unit : 4
Control of Microorganism by Chemical agents
- Characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial chemical agents
- Selection of chemical agent
- Major groups of chemical Antimicrobial agents
- Evaluation of antimicrobial chemical agents
- Antibiotics: Mode of action of Penicillin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Nystatins &
AZT.
Reference Books :
1. Microbiology - Pelczar, Chan, & Krieg , 5th
edition
2. Elementary Microbiology - H. A. Modi
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
S . Y. B. Sc.- Microbiology
Semester - III
US03CMIC 24 - Microbial Physiology (Practicals)
(02 Credits; 4 Hrs/week)
(Effective from June 2019)
10. Preparation of media – Nutrient broth / agar
11. Disposal of Laboratory waste and media.
12. Streak plate method for isolation of bacteria.
13. Spread plate technique for isolation of bacteria.
14. Use of selective and differential media (MacConkey’s and EMB agar medium)
15. Effect of environmental factors on the growth of microorganisms – Temp. & pH .
16. Study of Oligodynamic action.
17. Effect of antibiotic on growth of test organisms.
18. Effect of antimicrobial agents on the growth of bacteria (Antibiotic, Phenol, Crystal
violet).
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
S . Y. B. Sc.- Microbiology
Semester - IV
US04CMIC 21- Environmental Microbiology
(04 Credits; 4 Hrs/week)
(Effective from June 2019)
Unit : 1
Microorganisms and their Habitats:
- Structure and function of ecosystems Terrestrial Environment:
- Soil profile and soil microflora
- Aquatic Environment: Microflora of fresh water and marine habitats
- Atmosphere: Aeromicroflora and dispersal of microbes
- Extremophiles: Microbes thriving at high & low temperatures, pH, Osmotic pressure
&, salinity.
Unit : 2
Soil Microbiology
Microbial Interactions :
- Microbe interactions: Mutualism, synergism, commensalism, competition,
amensalism, parasitism.
Biogeochemical Cycling :
- Carbon cycle: Microbial degradation of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and chitin
- Nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen fixation, Ammonification, Nitrification, Denitrification and
Nitrate reduction.
- Sulphur cycle: Microbes involved in sulphur cycle
Unit : 3
Water Microbiology :
- Types of natural Waters
- Nuisance microbes in water
- Bacteriological Examination of Domestic water : presumptive test/MPN test,
confirmed and completed tests for faecal coliforms , IMViC Test, Membrane filter
technique.
- Purification of Water : Sedimentation, Filtration & Disinfection.
- Water borne Diseases.
Unit : 4
Waste Water Microbiology :
- Liquid waste management: Composition and strength of sewage (BOD and COD),
Primary, secondary (oxidation ponds, trickling filter, activated sludge process and
septic tank) and tertiary sewage treatment.
- Solid Waste management: Sources and types of solid waste, Methods of solid waste
disposal (composting and sanitary landfill)
Reference Books :
1. Microbiology - Pelczar, Chan, & Krieg , 5th
edition
2. General Microbiology - Vol – II - Powar & Daginawala
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
S . Y. B. Sc.- Microbiology
Semester - IV
US04CMIC 22- Environmental Microbiology (Practicals)
(02 Credits; 4 Hrs/week)
(Effective from June 2019)
1. Bacteriological analysis of Air.
2.Bacteriological Quantitative analysis of Soil.
3.Qualitative analysis of water: presumptive test , confirmed and completed tests.
4.Quantitative analysis of Water : SPC
5.Detection of Coliforms in water by MPN test .
6.Determination of Potability ratio of water.
7.Determination of Dissolved Oxygen by Winkler’s Method.
8.Study of Nitrogen fixing Bacteria : Rhizobium & Azotobacter.
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
S . Y. B. Sc.- Microbiology
Semester - IV
US04CMIC 23- Elements of Microbiology- II
(04 Credits; 4 Hrs/week)
(Effective from June 2019)
Unit : 1
Eucaryotic Microbes :
(a) Fungi : General characteristics & Significance.
(b) Algae : General characteristics & Significance.
(c) Protozoa : General characteristics & Significance
(d) Introduction to Lichens, Slime molds and their significance.
Unit : 2
Viruses:
(a) General characteristics, Cultivation and Enumeration of viruses.
(b) Bacteriophages: Introduction, Morphological groups and Introduction to Lytic
cycle and Lysogeny.
(c) Animal Viruses : Introduction and general life cycle of Animal Viruses.
(d) Plant Viruses : TMV.
(e) Introduction to Prions & Viroids.
Unit : 3
Microbiology of Food :
- Food as a substrate for Microorganisms.
- Microbial flora of food
- Factors affecting kinds and numbers of microorganisms : intrinsic and extrinsic
- Microbial Spoilage of food & Food Poisoning , Role of Clostridium botulinum &
Salmonella spp.
- Preservation of food and Milk
A. General principles
B. Methods of preservation:
i. Use of aseptic handling
ii. High temperature: Sterilization, canning
iii. Low temperature: Refrigeration and freezing
iv. Dehydration
v. Osmotic pressure
vi. Preservatives
vii. Radiations: Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
- Indian fermented food products : Pickles & Idli.
- Microbes as food: Mushrooms & Spirulina.
Unit : 4
Microbiology of milk and milk products:
- Sources of microorganism in milk
- Types of microorganisms in milk
- Milk borne diseases
- Microbiological examination of milk:
- Pasteurization of milk, Phosphatase test, MBRT & Resazurin test
- Some dairy milk products: Butter, Cheese.
- Introduction to probiotics, prebiotics, Synbiotics.
Reference Books :
1. Microbiology - Pelczar, Chan, & Krieg , 5th
edition
2. General Microbiology - Vol – II - Powar & Daginawala
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
S . Y. B. Sc.- Microbiology
Semester - IV
US04CMIC 24 - Elements of Microbiology- II (Practicals)
(02 Credits; 4 Hrs/week)
(Effective from June 2019)
1. Microbiological analysis of food - Standard plate count
2. Microbiological analysis of milk - Standard plate count
3. Determination of microbial load by use of MBRT.
4. Detection of Acid fast bacteria in milk.
5. Detection of Bacteriophage
6. Isolation of Yeast.
7. Study of Fungi - Wet mounting of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus & Mucor.