1.

2. Wind Topics @ BruWind Research Groups

• Noise & Vibration

• Research group: Acoustics and Vibration AVRG

• Topics: Operational Modal Parameter Estimation, Load and Source Identification,

• Structural Health Monitoring, Advanced measurement techniques

• Strength & Materials

• Research group: Mechanics of Materials and Constructions MEMC

• • Topics: Composite materials, Biaxial Material Behavior, Subcomponent testing

• Aerodynamics and Aeroelastics

• Research group: Fluid Mechanics & Thermodynamics FTRG

• • Topics: CFD simulation over complex terrains, Wind Farm Optimization

• • Simulation of individual wind turbines

• Research group: Industrile Wetenschappen en Technologie IWT

• Topics: Siting studies en wind resource assessment using CFD and wind measurements

• Sensors and measurement techniques

• Research group: Electrochemical and Surface Engineering SURF

• • Topics: Corrosion management Corrosion sensors

• Research group: Vakgroep Toegepaste Natuurkunde & Fotonica - TONA

• Topics: Optical Fiber Sensors

3. Wind Topics @ BruWind Research Groups Generator, Power Electronics, Grid Integration Research group : Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics ETEC Topics: Monitoring, Grid intergration Control Systems and Automation Research group : MECH Topics: Controle algorithms Environmental Issues Research group : Acoustics and Vibration AVRG Topics: Noise Pollution Trading Energy, Wind energy Economics Research group : Bedrijfseconomie en strategisch beleid - BEDR Topics: Wind energy Economics

4. AVRG Research Dynamic Behavior of Wind Turbines

• Operational Modal Parameter Identification

• GOAL S:

• Development of OMA techniques using transmissibility measurements

• Development of Operational Modal Analysis with Exogenous inputs

• Development of OMA solutions for non white-noise excitations and harmonics 1P, 3P, ..

• Project: Operational Modal Analysis using transmissibility measurements (FWO Christof Devriendt)

Transmissibility Function is a ratio between 2 responses measured during a certain loading condition

5. AVRG Research Load and Source Identification

• Load and Source Identification

• GOALS :

• Identifying time-varying wind loads on structures from in situ vibration response data using inverse methods

• Identifying acoustic sources on structures from in situ pressure data using inverse methods

• Project : Inverse identification of wind loads on structures (FWO project ism KULeuven)

{Q} {P} [H] -1 {Q} [H]

6.

• Structural Health Monitoring of Wind Turbines

• GOALS :

• Acquiring and testing state of the art monitoring systems e.g. fiber optic sensors

• Development of advanced data processing techniques

• SHM of blades, towers and foundations using OMA and Transmissibility measurements

• Project : Offshore Wind Infrastructure Project (IWT project ism Sirris)

AVRG Research Structural Health Monitoring The development of an algorithm for structural health monitoring during changing operational forces using distributed sensor networks transmissibility functions as primary data

7. AVRG Research Advanced measurement techniques Non-contact measurement, visualization and analysis of structural vibrations In combination with Modal Analysis software a strong tool to determine the resonate frequencies, damping factors and mode shapes Potential in the fields of modal analysis testing and structural health monitoring of wind turbines Long distant LDV can measure up to a distant of 200m Long distant LDV

8. CFD Simulations over Complex Terrains FTRG Research CFD simulations over complex terrains

• Wind Flow over complex terrains

• New Meshing Strategies (unstructured grids)

• CFD is used to predict the wind over complex terrains

• Work together with Von Karman Institute

• • COOLFluiD code (http://coolfluidsrv.vki.ac.be/trac/coolfluid)

• • RANS approach with wall functions

• • unstructured grids

9. CFD Simulations over Complex Terrains FTRG Research Wind Farm Optimization Wind Farm Layout optimization Wind Farm Control optimization

• Work together with Von Karman Institute

• Optimization based on

• • CFD simulations (COOLFluiD)

• • • Wind turbines modeled using actuator disk

• • Neural networks

• • Genetic algorithms

• • Robust optimization using non-deterministic methods

• Two optimizations are considered

• • Wind farm layout: positioning of wind turbines in the farm

• • Wind farm control: power setting of individual turbines for max wind farm production

NOT acceptable layout Acceptable layout

10. CFD Simulations over Complex Terrains FTRG Research Simulation of individual wind turbines

• Full 3D CFD simulations of individual wind turbines

• • prediction of power curve

• • optimization of blades for improved efficiency

• RANS or LES modeling

Simulation of NREL windturbine: V=7m/s; Re=4E6 Massive separations near blade root Streamlines of the flow on the blade

11. MEMC Research in the field of Wind Biaxial Material Behavior => Experimental data needed In-plane loading of cruciform specimen Biaxial behavior in e.g. wind tubine blade Biaxial test method at MeMC Cruciform specimen design Glassfibre reinforced epoxy material Layup frequently used for wind turbine blades (LM Glassfibre)

12. MEMC Research in the field of Wind Subcomponent testing Tests at the moment : small coupon tests or real blade tests Aim = tests at mid-scale => subcomponent tests 4-point bending and cantilever tests on I-beams to test bonding in real blade Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel C. Ramault 1 , A. Makris 1 , D. Van Hemelrijck 1 , E. Lamkanfi 2 , W. Van Paepegem 2 Optimat Blades Project & Upwind Project sandwich Blade root Flanges, web, bondlines

13. SURF Research Corrosion management Corrosion management, by

• Potential model (distribution), together with Elsyca (SURF Spin-off)

• Including cathodic protection (CP) predictions

• Possibility to integrate specific corrosion effects (local corrosion, galvanic coupling)

• Influence of liquid film on structure

• Influence of evolving splash zone

• Sensor to detect and quantify corrosion taking place on structure

• Continuous and in-line monitoring (condition monitoring)

• Can be coupled with CP to reduce CP cost

• Used to schedule repainting / repair cycles

• Can cover specific targets or general structure

Prototype prediction validation

14. SURF Research Corrosion sensors

• Based on EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy)

• interpretation step eliminated

• SOIB (Spin-Off in Brussels) project started in 2009

• goal to establish spin-off to produce / distribute a corrosion sensor in 2013

• Strong points:

• In-line

• On the structure itself

• Robust algorithm

• Continuous monitoring

• Sensitivity

• No interpretation (simplicity)

• Versatility

• Detects corrosion, not the secondary effects

15. TONA RESEARCH Microstructured optical fiber sensors Microstructured optical fiber sensors successfully embedded in carbon-fiber reinforced polymer

• We achieved

• Highly improved transverse load sensitivity

• Insensitivity to temperature

• Industrially relevant sensor performance for CFRPs

Transversal load sensitivity of our sensor is 10x larger than in state-of-the-art fibers

16. EhB Research Wind Energy Micro-siting

• Determine optimal location for turbine(s) on given site

• Especially complex terrain, incl. (semi-)built environment

? ? ? ? ?

17. EhB Research Wind Energy Micro-siting

• CFD: Mainly OpenFOAM

• Site geometry from google earth, geographical data, + total station measurements

18.

• Wind measurements 2D cup and 3D ultrasonic

• Combined with historical wind data, power curves of wind turbines resource assessment

EhB Research Wind Energy Micro-siting

19. EhB Research Wind Energy Aero-elasticity

• Modal analysis

• FSI, frequency lock-in

• Flutter prediction methods

20. EhB Research Wind Energy Flow control

• Load alleviation through smart blades (flaps, micro-tabs, vortex generators, ...)

• CFD and experimental

21. Ongoing Projects in the field of Wind

• Project: Offshore Wind Infrastrcutere Project Wind (IWT project ism Sirris)

• Domain : Monitoring van Offshore Wind Turbines - CMS - O&M

• Research group : Acoustics and Vibration - AVRG

• Contact Person : Patrick Guillaume, Christof Devriendt

• Project: UpWind is a European project funded under the EU's Sixth Framework Programme (FP6).

• Domain : Composite materials for large blades

• Research group : Mechanics of Materials and Constructions - MEMC

• Contact Person : Danny Van Hemelrijck

• Project: Wind Farm Optimization Based on CFD Modeling and Simulations (ism VKI)

• Domain: CFD van Wind Farms en Wind Turbines

• Research group: Fluid Mechanics & Thermodynamics - FTRG

• Contact Person: Chris Lacor

• Project: Inverse identification of wind loads on structures (FWO project ism KULeuven)

• Domain: Load and source indentification

• Research group: Acoustics and Vibration - AVRG

• Contact Person: Patrick Guillaume

22. Ongoing Projects in the field of Wind

• Project: Gebruik van microwindturbines voor het leveren van hernieuwbare energie aan particulieren en kleine bedrijven (IWT Tetra project)

• Domain: Ontwerp nieuwe concepten kleine Wind TurbinesOnderzoeksgroep:

• Research group: Mechanica Mech

• Contact Person: Mark Runacres, Tim De Troyer

• Project: EMOVO Multidisciplinair onderzoeks- en vormings-centrum rond energie en milieu technologieen

• Domain: creatie van een multidisciplinair ontwikkellings- en vormings-centrum rond energie-en milieutechnologien

• Research group : Department Mechanica Mech

• Contact Person: Mark Runacres, Tim De Troyer

23. Contact: Dr. ir. Christof Devriendt Vrije Universiteit Brussel | Pleinlaan 2 | B-1050 Brussel | Belgium Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Tel. +32 2 6292390 | Fax +32 2 6292865 | GSM +32 477412049 Mail: christof.devriendt@vub.ac.be