bruno maiolini, fondazione e. mach€¦ · 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 n° sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9...
TRANSCRIPT
Il progetto HydroPeaking:
problematiche e prospettive
Bruno Maiolini, Fondazione E. Mach
FONDAZIONE EDMUND MACH
Istituto Agrario di San Michele all’Adige
variability
seasonalitypredictability
Principle 2 life history patterns- spawning- recruitment
stablebaseflows
reproductivetriggers
modified from: Basic Principles and Ecological Consequences of Altered Flow Regimes for AquaticBiodiversity. Bunn & Arthinghton, 2002
dis
char
ge
time
Principle 4 natural regime discourages invasions
Principle 3
lateral connectivity
Principle 1
channel formhabitat complexitypatch disturbance
bioticdiversity
spates
drought
max
mean
min
time scales are a major concern
Glaciers recede with warming climate: as glacier mass is lost, river basinhydrology will shift from being fed bymeltwater to precipitation supplydominated
A) initial increase in meltwater generation
B, C) followed by reduced runoff in the
long term
(1994)
But:
Hydropower plants
>10MW power output
Large dams (height >15 m
or capacity > 3x106 m3
Source: Alpine Convention, 2nd Report on the state of the Alps –“Water”
PRE-DAM CONSTRUCTION
POST-DAM CONSTRUCTION
Hydrological alterations on a temporal scale: the example of the Adige
G. Zolezzi, A. Bellin, M. C. Bruno, B. Maiolini, A. Siviglia. 2009. Assessing hydrological alterations at multiple temporal scales: Adige River, Italy. Water Resources and Research
Storage in reservoirs
Hydropeaking
Hydrological alterations on a spatial scale
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Precipitation
Discharge
Headwaters, unimpacted (Vermigliana stream at Vermiglio, 1115 m a.s.l.)
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Upper course, moderately impacted (Noce stream at Malè, 695 m a.s.l. )
Downstream 1st hpp:
moderate hydropeaking
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Lower course, strongly impacted (Noce stream at Mezzolombardo, 205 m a.s.l.)
Downstream 2nd hpp:
severe hydropeaking
Headwaters: climate-driven
Adige Villalagarina 2007
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Adige Marco 2007
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m3 /
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Hydrological alterations on a spatial scale
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11n° sample
ind/
m3
Total NB8 Total NB 13 Total NB15
M. C. Bruno, B. Maiolini, M. Carolli, L. Silver.
2010. Shrt time scale impacts of hydropeaking on
benthic invertebrates in an Alpine stream
(Trentino, Italy). Limnologica
The ecological consequences effects of hydropeaking is rather well known, in our contributes we quantified the effects on the different components of the benthic and hyporheic communities
M. C. Bruno, B. Maiolini, M. Carolli, L. Silveri.
2009. Impacts of hydropeaking on the hyporheic
invertebrates in an Alpine stream (Trentino,
Italy). Int. J. Lim
Effects of hydropeaking on the hyporheic community:
clogging of the interstices
Thermopeaking in Alpine streams: event characterization and time scales. G .Zolezzi, A. Siviglia, M. Toffolon, and B. Maiolini. Ecohydrology, 2010
Thermopeaking In storage HPP with hypolimnetic releases, hydropeaking is associated to abrupt changes in water temperature (thermopeaking), imposing sudden and repeated warmer conditions in winter and cooler in summer
discharge
Distance
from
source
Headwaters: abstraction
discharge
Natural Hydropower-impacted
Release from HPP
Hydropeaking-impacted
reachRelease from HPP
plants & abstraction
Storage in reservoirs
Minimum flow releases
È necessario attrezzarci a governare gli ambienti acquatici
Pier Francesco Ghetti
thus a very complex, in global changing scenario of Heavily
Modified Water Bodies, with a reduced capacity to deliver
appropriate ecosystem benefits & goods.
we need to face the challenge of meeting the expectations of
the WFD 2000/60, maintaining the strategic, renewable and
gas-free hydropower production
Remediation strategies may be
structural (retention basins, river morphology restoration,
river widening) or
operational (reduce rise and fall surges, reduce ∆Q e.g. <5).
Complex problems need complex, scientifically sound solutions: the Rhone-Thur example
A missed opportunity: multipurpose reuse of HPP released waters
possible advantages: •reduction of HP in HMWB•increased minimum flow•more ecosystem benefits obtainable•win win solutions (HP vs EB)
HPP
Possible re-use of turbinated waters: the Rotaliana plain
•maintain production
•reduce hydropeaking
•agricultural land vs agricultural ecosystem
•denitrification
•phytodepuration
•biodiversity
•adjacent biotopes
•groundwater recharge
•Noce river rehabilitation
•drainage boards (job creation)
CONCLUDING REMARKS
In Alpine regions, intermittent hydropower generation has high economical relevance, being the most important renewable electricity source, with no CO2 emission.
However:
•Hydropeaking and thermopeaking impose severe impacts on stream ecosystems. Reduction/changes in HPG in the Alps are not realistic for socio-economic reasons.
•Lessons learned from recent multidisciplinary stream ecology research and some European restoration experiences indicate possible win-win chances to meet environmental issues & HPG needs
•Compensation and restoration measures are site specific but should be planned at the water basin level, with a multidisciplinary approach (ecology, hydrology, economy, social sciences)
Thank you for your attention and very special thanks to my FEM colleagues and to those from the Department of Environmental
Engineering of the University of Trento