bruce mayer, pe licensed electrical & mechanical engineer bmayer@chabotcollege

[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt1

Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics

Bruce Mayer, PELicensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer

[email protected]

Engineering 22

AuxiliaryAuxiliaryViews-2Views-2



Chp7 GoalsChp7 Goals

To Develop The Skill to Generate Views That Show Inclined And NonOrthographic (Oblique) Surfaces In TRUE Shape In Multiview Drawings

To Be Able to Integrate into Standard OrthoGraphic Drawings these AUXILIARY VIEWS to Clarify the Description of The Object

Find the TRUE SHAPE of Oblique Surfaces



Successive Auxiliary ViewsSuccessive Auxiliary Views

Recall Uses for Auxiliary Views• True Length of a Line

• Point-View of a Line– View a line from an End

• Edge View of a Plane– View a Plane on Edge

• True-Size/Area View of a Plane

ALL of the Above Found by the USE of SUCESSIVE Aux Views



Construction of Successive AuxVsConstruction of Successive AuxVs KEY to Successive Aux

View Construction → Recognize That Fold Lines on EITHER EDGE of the Projection Plane Contain COMMON DISTANCES• In Fig at Left Note the

Distance Xfer fromthe Hinge Lines

Primary AuxV

Secondary AuxV

ALTERNATINGDistance-

XFER



Construct AuxV Step-by-StepConstruct AuxV Step-by-Step Consider Pt-1 with Secondary Aux Views Projected

from All Three Principal Planes

B



Step-by-Step: 1Step-by-Step: 1HH → 1 → 1BB

1. Determine LoS for Aux View-A In Practice This is Done

to Reveal Significant Information This Example is Only

Illustrative

2. Draw Fold Line (FL) H/A That is to the LoS. CHOOSE Dist (D4) From Point 1H

3. Extend from Pt 1H a construction line into “A Space”

B

2

3



Step-by-Step: 1Step-by-Step: 1HH → 1 → 1BB cont cont

4. Using Acad DIST & OFFSET, Transfer Dim D1 from FrontV into Aux ProjPlane A along the Construction Ln

5. Determine the LoS for the 2nd Aux. View

6. Draw Fold Line (FL) A/B That is to the LoS.

• Place at any convenient distance From Point 1A

B

6

4

4



Step-by-Step: 1Step-by-Step: 1HH → 1 → 1BB cont.2 cont.2

7. Extend from Pt 1H a construction line into “B Space”

8. Using DIST & OFFSET Transfer Dim D4 from TopV into Aux ProjPlane B Along the Construction Ln

9. This then Establishes the Location of the Desired Pt, 1B

B

7

8

8



Principal LinesPrincipal Lines Characteristics

• TRUE LENGTH in ONE of the Principal Views

• PARALLEL to the Ref-Plane Line(a.k.a. Folding Line) in the OtherPrincipal Views

Frontal Line → TL in FRONTAL-Space

Horizonal Line → TL in Top-Space Profile Line → TL

in Profile-Space



Use of Principal LinesUse of Principal Lines

Principal Lines are Always Parallel to one of the RP or FL lines; and TL in the ADJACENT View

This suggests that we Can find a TL Line by One of• Making a FL/RP Line Parallel to a Given

Line

• Drawing a Line that is Parallel to a Given FL/RP Line



Example – Oblique DistanceExample – Oblique Distance Given F&H Views at

Right showing• 10 mm Tube, rk

• 15 mm sphere at m

Determine the TRUE Clearance Between These Physical Objects



Example – Solution PlanExample – Solution Plan Since m is a BALL it

appears in TRUE SIZE in ANY View

Thus Need to Construct the END VIEW of the Cylinder rk which will Appear as a Circle; i.e., want POINT-V for Line rk• Can then measure the

Center-to-Center distance



Example – Solution (1)Example – Solution (1) Need TL view of rk

1. From TopV, Strike FL H/1 || to rHk

2. Extend in 1-Space Construction Lines

3. In Prep for Distance Measurement Transfer, Set FL F/H

1

2

3



Example – Solution (2)Example – Solution (2)

4. Measure Xfer Distances in F-Space

5. Transfer Distances to 1-space to Locate Pts on the Construction lines

6. Label Points

7. Draw AuxV1 showing• Sphere

• TL Tube

4

56

7

True Length



Example – Solution (3)Example – Solution (3) Now need END VIEW

of the CenterLINE of the Tube• LoS for AuxV2 || to

CenterLINE

8. Draw FL 1/2 to CenterLine

9. Extend Construction Lines into 2-Plane

10.Measure Xfer Distances in H-Space

89

10

True Length




11.Xfer Distances from H-Space to 2-Space

12.Label Points in 2-Spc

13.Draw CIRCLES for Sphere END VIEW of Tube

11

1213

True Length




14.Measure the Clearance as 14.4 mm

14

True Length



True Size Plane Can ShowTrue Size Plane Can Show

The Shortest Distance Between a Point & a Line• A line & NonCollinear Pt DEFINE a Plane

The Angle Between 2 Intersecting Lines• Intersecting Lines DEFINE a Plane

• Allows Construction of the Angle BiSector



Normal View of a PlaneNormal View of a Plane

Normal View Description

A NORMAL or TRUE-SIZE-and-SHAPE (TS) View of a Plane is

Obtained in Any View for Which The LoS is to the Plane

On the Dwg Surface this LoS Appears to the EDGE View of a Plane

Construction of the TS View for an Oblique Plane Requires 2 Aux Views



Construct TS of Oblique SurfaceConstruct TS of Oblique Surface

1

Determine True Size of Oblique Surface 1234

1. Recognize that In the H-View Lines 12 & 34 are || the H/F FL

• Thus Lines 12 & 34 are TRUE LENGTH (TL) in the Front View (Frontal Space, or F-Space)




2 3

2. Determine LoS-P that is parallel to a TL Line Contained in the Plane: e.g.; 12 or 34

3. Strike FL F/1 that is to LoS-P




4

4

4. Construct Primary Aux View at FL F/1 For Surface 1234 to Establish an EDGE VIEW of the Oblique plane

• Construction lines to FL F/1

• Xfer Depth Dimensions from TOP View FL H/F




5

6

7

7

5. Locate LoS-S that is to the EV of Surface 1234

6. Strike FL 1/2 that is to LoS-S

7. Xfer Dims from F-Space to 2-Space to Locate Pts 1-4 in the 2-Plane




8

8. Connect the Dots in the 2-Plane to Reveal the TRUE Nature (Size & Shape) of the Oblique Surface



Example Example → EX7-49→ EX7-49

Find Plane-ABC in TRUE SIZE



EX7-49 Pln True Shape & SIZEEX7-49 Pln True Shape & SIZE

Make DG Layers



Plane in True SIZE - 2Plane in True SIZE - 2 Acad.dwt

• Limits = 180, 120

Set up Grid for Axis• Layer Zero• Offset

– X → 55– Y → 40

Make Prototype Point P• Circle• Point (size = 2)

Dimension Style “12_5X” at Overall Scale of 12.5X



Plane in True SIZE - 3Plane in True SIZE - 3 Leader for Axes dtext to label

Axes Use copy@ to

Locate pts per table

ddedit to change Point Labels

Pline to Make Triangular plan• HalfWidth = 0.25



Plane in True SIZE - 4Plane in True SIZE - 4 Construct Plane

ABC in Frontal Space

Line with• Ortho, cen

Label Points with • Copy@

• ddedit

Grid F-Space, Label Points, Connect Dots, to Construct Plane ABC Front-View



Plane in True SIZE - 5Plane in True SIZE - 5 In F-Spc Draw

an Arbitrary HORIZONTAL line AD • Must be

“Level” in F-Space– Ln-AD will be

TL in H-Space

Project Ln-AD into Horizontal-Space



Plane in True SIZE - 6Plane in True SIZE - 6 Construct RPA1 by

“Sighting Down” the TL line AD• Copy, Rotate 90°

Project into 1-Spc Perpendicular Projectors from pts A, B, C• Line w/ per



Plane in True SIZE - 7Plane in True SIZE - 7 Go “One View Back”

to find distances for A, B, C in 1 space• Dist or Dim

Offset RPA1 by these distances to Grid 1-Space

Next → connect Dots in 1-space to Form Pln ABC

Should Show Pln-ABC as EDGE VIEW



Plane in True SIZE - 8Plane in True SIZE - 8 Construct RPA2

PARALLEL to the Pln ABC EdgeView

Draw Projectors into 2-Space

Go “One View Back” (H-Spc) to get Offset Distances

Offset RPA2 to grid 2-Space



Plane in True SIZE - 9Plane in True SIZE - 9 “Flip Up” the Plane

Edge-View by Connecting the Dots in 2-Space

This Reveals the Plane in TRUE Shape

Now Recall from Prob: • SCALE: 2:1



Plane in True SIZE - 10Plane in True SIZE - 10 Measure Plane in 2-

space using Dim-Aligned

Use area command to calc included Area

Specify next corner point or press ENTER for total:Area = 641.5139, Perimeter = 116.7742



Plane in True SIZE - 11Plane in True SIZE - 11 Scale DOWN by

50% (2-DwgUnits = 1 RealUnit)

Use area command to calc included Area

Specify next corner point or press ENTER for total:Area = 160.3785, Perimeter = 58.3871



Plane True Size/Shape SummaryPlane True Size/Shape Summary

Make two ADJACENT Aux views Draw ARBITRARILY positioned

PRINCIPAL line (Frontal, Horizontal, Profile) in one view

Project principal line into the ADJACENT Principal (H or F or P) view to show the Principle Line in TRUE LENGTH




Draw AuxV RPA1-line Perpendicular to the TL PrinLine• This essentially "sights down" the TL Line

which resides IN THE PLANE

Project into 1-space Using -Projectors and Dims from “One View Back” to Show• TL line in POINT VIEW

– Since TL line in the plane is in Pt-V, then the Plane is in EDGE View




Strike RPA2 line PARALLEL to the EV Project into

2-Space to "flip-Up" the Edge-Viewed Plane • Reveals the plane

in TRUE SHAPE



All Done for TodayAll Done for Today

AuxilliaryViews



Bruce Mayer, PELicensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer

[email protected]

Engr/Math/Physics 25

AppendiAppendixx

6972 23 xxxxf



Example – Oblique Line AngleExample – Oblique Line Angle Given Oblique-Line

Angle RK and NK • Find the Magnitude

of the angle RKN

• Construct in the Frontal and Horizontal Plane the Angle BISECTOR



Example – Oblique Line Angle (1)Example – Oblique Line Angle (1)1. Strike F/H FL2. Need TL Line in F-

Plane → Draw in H-space Line rHm that is || to F/H FL

3. Project Into F-Space Ln point mH

4. Draw TL FRONTAL Line rFm

1

2

3

4



Example – Oblique Line Angle (2)Example – Oblique Line Angle (2)5. Strike F/1 FL That is

to Frontal Line rFm

6. Extend into 1-Space Construction Lines

7. Transfers Dims from H-Plane to 1-Plane to Locate Points in 1-Spc

8. Connect Dots to Reveal in 1-Space the EDGE-VIEW of Plane RKN

• Ln rFm in POINT-View

5

6

8

77



Example – Oblique Line Angle (3)Example – Oblique Line Angle (3)

9. Strike 1/2 FL That is || to EV

10. Extend into 2-Space Construction Lines

11. Xfer Dims: F-Spc → 2-Spc

12. Connect Dots to Show TRUE SIZE Pln r2kn

9

12

10

11

11



Example – Oblique Line Angle (4)Example – Oblique Line Angle (4) Working Now in the

TS Plane; Plane-2

13. Use the Digital Protractor to Measure TRUE angle at 49.5°

13



Example – Oblique Line Angle (5)Example – Oblique Line Angle (5) Working Again in the

TS Plane; BiSect Angle nk2r

14. Using k2 as Vertex Strike Arc at a Convenient Radius

15. At intersections of Arc-14 and Lines nk2 and rk2 Strike arcs with the SAME Radius to Locate BiSection Pt-p

• R15 R14

16. Draw Angle BiSector Line k2p

1415

16

1516




17. Project back Across the AuxV FL-Chain 2→1→F→H the BiSection Point-P

18. Connect in All View Pts k&p to Exposethe BiSector Line

18

17

17

17

18




19. Clean Up by Removing Intermediate Lines and Points

bruce mayer, pe licensed electrical & mechanical engineer bmayer@chabotcollege

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