bronsted lowry acid base. bronsted and lowry an acid donates a proton (loses an h+) an acid donates...
DESCRIPTION
Conjugate Acid Base Pairs When an acid loses its hydrogen, it becomes a base (as it is able to gain a hydrogen again) When an acid loses its hydrogen, it becomes a base (as it is able to gain a hydrogen again) This is known as a conjugate base This is known as a conjugate baseTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bronsted Lowry
Acid Base
![Page 2: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bronsted and Lowry
An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+)
A BASE accepts a proton (gains an H+)
![Page 3: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Conjugate Acid Base Pairs
When an acid loses its hydrogen, it becomes a base (as it is able to gain a hydrogen again)
This is known as a conjugate base
![Page 4: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
At the same time, when a base gains a hydrogen in a reaction, it becomes a conjugate acid
Weak acids are found on pages 8 and 9 in your data booklet. The conjugate base formula for each acid is directly right to the acid formula. Each conjugate is the result of a loss of 1 hydrogen.
![Page 5: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
It is important to note that acids and bases may be noted as salts (ionic compounds)
When this occurs, you must dissociate the ions and allow the demonstration of the proton transfer (omit the spectator ions)
![Page 6: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Example
Potassium hydrogen sulfate and sodium acetate are mixed in aqueous solution
![Page 7: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Strong acids form Weak Bases
A strong acid will have a conjugate base that is weak
Strong acids lose its proton easily (and therefore will not accept a hydrogen easily)
![Page 8: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A weaker acid will have a stronger conjugate base
Weak acids hold their protons more (and therefore will easily accept a hydrogen)
![Page 9: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Kw = KaKb
Kw is the equilibrium constant for water (1.0 x 10-14)
Ka is the equilibrium constant for acids and can be found on page 8 and 9 in the data booklet
Kb is the equilibrium constant for bases and will have to be calculated using Kw = KaKb
![Page 10: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Acid Reactions
HA + H2O H3O+ + A-
![Page 11: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Base Reactions
![Page 12: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Amphiprotic Substances
An amphiprotic substance is a chemical species that can donate or accept a proton
Substance must contain a hydrogen to donate
Substance must be able to accept a hydrogen (usually have a negative charge)
![Page 13: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reactions Favor if the weak acid has a higher Ka
than the conjugate acid in the same equation, the reaction will proceed in the forward direction and favor the products
if the weak acid has a lower Ka than the conjugate acid, the reaction will proceed in the reverse direction and favor the reactants
![Page 14: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Example
Write the Bronsted-Lowry equation for the reaction between acetic acid and sodium sulfate. Label the conjugate acid base pairs and comment on whether the products or reactants are favored:
![Page 15: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Example 2
Write the Bronsted-Lowry equation for the reaction between lactic acid and potassium hydrogen carbonate. Label the conjugate acid base pairs and comment on whether the products or reactants are favored:
![Page 16: Bronsted Lowry Acid Base. Bronsted and Lowry An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) An ACID donates a proton (loses an H+) A BASE accepts a proton (gains](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061608/5a4d1b8e7f8b9ab0599bfe75/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
C2H5OCOOH(aq) + HCO31-(aq) C2H5OCOO1-(aq) +
H2CO3(aq)
acid base conj. Base conj. Acid
K = [H2CO3(aq)][C2H5OCOO1-(aq)]
[C2H5OCOOH(aq)][HCO31-(aq)]
Favors products!
Kacid = 1.4x104 Kconjacid = 4.5x10-7