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B-RNAV OPERATIONS IN

EUROPEAN AIRSPACE

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AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV)

A method of navigation which permits

aircraft operation on any desired flight

path.

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NAVIGATION

PERFORMANCE ACCURACY

Total navigation accuracy based on thecombination of the navigation sensor error,

airborne receiver error, display error and

flight technical error. Also called systemuse accuracy.

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REQUIRED NAVIGATION

PERFORMANCE (RNP)

A statement of the navigationperformance accuracy necessary

for operation within a defined

airspace.

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RNP CONCEPT

RNP concept applies to navigation performance

within an airspace and therefore affects both the

airspace and the aircraft. RNP is intended to characterize an airspace

through a statement of the achieved navigation

performance accuracy to be achieved within the

airspace.Contd..

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..RNP CONCEPT

The development of the RNP concept

recognizes that the current aircraft

navigation systems are capable of achievinga predictable level of navigation

performance accuracy and that a more

efficient use of available airspace can berealised on the basis of this navigation

capability.

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DEFINING RNP AIRSPACE

RNP may be specified for a route, a number

of routes, an area, volume of airspace or any

airspace of defined dimensions which an

airspace planner or authority chooses.

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Some potential applications of

RNP include.. A defined airspace, such as MNPS airspace;

A fixed ATS route, such as between

Sydney, Australia and Auckland, New

Zealand;

Random track operations, such as between

Hawaii and Japan; and

A volume of airspace, such as a block

altitude on a specified route.

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RNP ROUTES

Fixed RNP Route - Permanent, published

ATS routes.

Contingency RNP Routes - published ATS

routes during limited time periods (Hours,

Days, Seasons). They may also be

established to meet unusual, temporaryrequirements arising at short notice.

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CONTAINMENT VALUE

The containment value is the distance from

the intended position within which flights

would be found for at least 95% of the total

flying time.

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RNP TYPE

The RNP type is based on a navigation

performance accuracy value which is

expected to be achieved at least 95% of the

time by the population of aircraft operating

within the airspace.

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RNP TYPES

Accuracy - 95% position accuracy in the

designated airspace.

RNP1 + 1.0 NM (+ 1.85 km)

RNP 4 + 4.0 NM (+ 7.4 km)

RNP 12.6 + 12.6 NM (+ 23.3 km)

RNP 20 + 20.0 NM (+ 37 km)

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RNP COORDINATE SYSTEM

ICAO has chosen World Geodetic System (WGS)-84 as

the common world geodetic datum as there is a need to :

convert coordinates of airport key positions and

ground-based navigation aids to a common geodetic

reference datum;

ensure that all such locations are surveyed to a common

standard which provides optimum accuracy, such as

that obtained by GNSS surveying techniques; and

ensure that all FMS software is referenced to a common

geodetic datum.

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BASIC RNAV

+ 5 NM ( + 9.26 km )

(95% CONTAINMENT VALUE)

B-RNAV Operations commenced inEuropean airspace on the 23rd of April,

1998.

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EUROCONTROL STANDARD

The carriage of B-RNAV equipment approved for

RNP5 operations is mandatory on the entire ATS

route network in the ECAC area includingdesignated feeder routes (SIDs & STARs) in / out

of notified TMAs.

RNP5 (B-RNAV) - effective 23rd April, 1998.

RNP1 (Precision R-NAV) - to be implemented in

2005.

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B-RNAV APPROVAL

Airworthiness approval.

Boeing 747-200/300/400

Airbus 310-300, 330, 340

Operational approval.

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AIRBORNE NAVIGATION

EQUIPMENT

They encompass..

Systems which use external navigation aidssuch as VOR / DME, DME / DME, GNSS,

very low frequency (VLF), LORAN-C; and

systems which are self-contained, e.g. INS, or

inertial reference systems.

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Required Functions of B-RNAV

Navigation Equipment Continuous indication of aircraft position relative to track

displayed on a navigation display to both the pilot flying

and the pilot not flying. Display of distance and bearing to the next active (TO)

waypoint.

Display of ground speed or time to the next active (TO)

waypoint. Storage of waypoints; minimum of 4.

Appropriate failure annunciation of the RNAV system,

including sensors.

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Recommended Functions of B-

RNAV Navigation Equipment

Autopilot and / or Flight Director coupling.

Present position in terms of latitude and longitude.

Direct To function.

Indication of navigation accuracy (e.g. quality factor ).

Automatic channel selection of radio navigation aids.

Navigation data base.

Automatic leg sequencing and associated turn anticipation.

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FLIGHT CREW CONTINGENCY

PROCEDURES In case of contingencies, (equipment failures,

weather conditions) crew should notify ATC about

the ability to maintain navigation accuracy, stateits intentions, co-ordinate a plan of action and

obtain a revised ATC clearance.

If unable to notify ATC, crew should follow

established contingency procedures and obtain

ATC clearance as soon as possible.