brm final report anu

8/8/2019 brm final report anu

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Acknowledgement

We would like to thank ALMIGHTY ALLAH, for granting us the courage to

accomplish this report, and special thanks to

Ms Zainab Rehman,

Saleem Naz (Magazine Editor Nawaie-Waqat),

and resources that helped us in completion of this report.The process for working

on this report was very interesting. We gathered useful and important

information about the causes of the power shortage. We are also thankful to

those who provide us their precious time and filling questionnaire forms and thus

help us in conducting this research report.


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DEDICATION

We dedicate this to our Beloved Parents for all their love & attention which made

it possible for us to make this research work and as well as our subject teacher Ms

Zainab Rehman, who bestowed us with the courage, the commitment and the

awareness to follow the best possible route, by her unmatchable style and by best

possible training.


3/46

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this project namely POWER SHORTAGE AND ITS IMPACT

ON ECONOMIC CONDITION OF PAKISTAN is completely developed entirely on

the basis of our personal effort, made under the guidance of our project

supervisor

Ms Zainab Rehman.

No portion of this work presented in this dissertation has been submitted in

support of any application for any other course of any other degree, program or

qualification of this or any other university or institute of learning.

It is further stated that whole document is as the partial fulfillment for theBUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS course in BBA Program. We understand and

transfer the copyright for this material to the Institute of management sciences,

BZU (City campus) Multan.

Anum iftikhar (BBC-08-37)

Maryam shahid (BBC-08-10)


4/46

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In this report we have discussed power shortage and its impact on economic condition of

Pakistan. Throughout the report we have emphasized on the major forces causing power shortage

and its impact on different industries and major sectors of economy. This report will be helpful

in findind out the remedies for the problems arising from power shortage.


5/46

PREFACE

Seeking Knowledge has been the desire of human beings, which is gifted by Allah to his Caliph on earth.

The assigned project was a great opportunity for us to understand the problems faced by the poor

children. We managed to gather the information from various sources. This project has helped us a lot

in understanding that what things to be considered while conducting research.

It would help the readers to understand the basic approaches followed in the selected project and will

be a source of guideline for the coming students.


6/46

PROBLEM STATEMENT

What are the forces behind power shortage

which are affecting the economic condition of

pakistan?


7/46

Table of content

Page #

Introduction ...............................

Problem statement ......................

Objective of study ......................

Benefits of study .

Research methodology ....................

Problem statement .

Research design .

Sampling process .

Literature review

Data analysis

Conclusion ...

Reference ..

Appendix ..


8/46

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND:

One of the most common questions asked in reference to Pakistan is as to what is the current

burning issue in Pakistan? Instead of a simple answer you will most probably be presented with a

long list of the problematic issues that have been plaguing the economy of Pakistan and retarding

its growth for a long time now. But of these issues, one issue that will be rated as the top most

valid issue being faced by both the people and the government of Pakistan, will be the shortage

of power/electricity in Pakistan. As in almost every other field Pakistan is suffering also with a

very serious crisis in the power/electricity generation sector. In fact according to a recent

estimate around 67% of our population continues living in darkness even in this modernized era.

The electricity and power shortage is a chronic problem that has slowed Pakistans social and

economic growth rate. The problem is not a new one and dates back to the early nineties when

the power supply was exceeded by the demand for electricity by thousands of MW. The gap

between the demand and supply resulted in routine load shedding. At this point the GOP

(Government of Pakistan) intervened through the adoption of policy measures that aimed at

mobilization for the investment in the power and electricity sector.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

What are the forces behind power shortage which are affecting the economic condition of

pakistan?

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY:

The basic objective of study is to highlight the ultimate concequences of power

shortage and to elaborate how it is contributing towards declining the economy of Pakistan.


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BENEFITS OF STUDY

y .This study will be helpful in determining for how much percentage power shortage is

contributing towards declining economic condition of Pakistan.

y It will be helpful in determining the major effects of power shortage on small scale and

large scale business.

y It will be helpful in evaluating major forces behind power shortage.

y The study will be helpful in finding that what alternative can be used for power shortage

and estimating their costs.

y This study will be helpful in judging what the people think about how power shortage can

be eliminated in order to stabilize the economy of Pakistan.

RESERCH DESIGN:

EXPLORATION: Qualitative

Exploration or qualitative data analysis is done through collecting secondary

data and by taking interviews of owners of some industries. Through this analysis we proposed to bese

our research design on survey methodology.

SURVEY DESIGN:

It includes:

Questionnaire

Interview

QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN:

We included 20 questions in our questionnaire.Different scales are used to

elicit suggestions of people. To give the respondant more chance to particapate we also included

open ended questions.


10/46

SAMPLING DESIGN:

Sample unit:

Our sample unit includes the shopkeepers and industrialists having industries in Punjab.

Sample size:

Our sample size is 50.

Sapling procedure:

Probability sampling is the proposed sampling procedure. Simple random sample is

used.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

There are four main techniques which are most important to execute this study.

Problem identification

Literature review

Hypothesis development

Data collection sources

Data analysis

conclusion

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION:

Is power shortage the real cause of decline in economy or there are other factors causing it?


11/46

LITERATURE REVIEW:

The continuing power crisis has not only disrupted the daily lives and businesses of people but

has also added to their miseries. It has impeded the growth of both small scale and large scale

businesses. Industrial progress is in shambles owing to the unpredictable and theunreliable powersupply. People are forced to deal with the day long interruptions in electricity and have to suffer

in the intolerable heat and humidity with no logical solution in sight. Electricity is a necessity in

the fast pased modern society and its shortage not only dampens the spirits of the people but also

hampers their productivity. It would not be wrong to say that the frequent power breakdowns

have brought both the domestic and social lives to a standstill. The shopping malls and the open

markets that were once swamped by the customers are now dark and deserted.

Though people are now reverting to private generators and Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)

in hope to cope up with the frequent load shedding this too is a luxury available to only the rich

as the sky high prices of the generators and their fuels make it unattainable to the common man

who can hardly make both ends meet.

Further the gas crisis is not only adding to but is also aggravating the power crisis. The reason

being that because of the recent very cold winter there was an exceptional increase in the demand

for gas, gas which is not only used for private needs but which is also used for powering the

generators.


12/46

KESC, WAPDA and the Pakistani government have unveiled several plans of setting up new

plants and starting new power projects that might help in the fulfillment of power requirements.

Like for instance a few months back as an effort to deal with the power/electricity shortage

WAPDA switched off alternate streetlight points and refused to provide electricity for any kind

of ceremonial or entertainment purposes. Further markets were ordered to close early in an

attempt to conserve power. But all these efforts went in vain and the power/electricity shortage

continued to spiral out of hand. In fact until some effective and swift measures are taken by the

government of Pakistan the problem of shortage in power and electricity and their supply will

continue increasing and will spiral out of control as the shortage in power and electricity in

Pakistan is not only affecting the people but is also affecting Pakistans competitiveness in the

international market. A liberal policy is called for which has a less bureaucratic approach. Not

only will help in the production of energy units but will also help in prospective attractive

investments in the power sector.

Simply put when the supply is surpassed by demand there is a deficit and the increase of demand

for power/electricity has exceeded its supply and has therefore created a shortage. The

population is increasing at an alarming rate and so is the demand for the supply of electricity

which is growing at an annual rate of almost 9 %, whereas the supply of electricity is increasing

at a comparatively slower rate of around 7 %, which is unsatisfactory. Further the dependence on

the thermal power stations for the generation of electricity has largely contributed to its rapidly

increasing cost. The government should have foreseen the expected shortage and should have

taken some effective measures to increase the power supply. But whats done is done so instead

of wasting time by searching for ways to pin the blame on a certain body, time should be utilized

to seek a long term and effective solution to the power and electricity shortage crisis. Now it is

the governments responsibility to search for an effective alternative.

Lets further review the history of electricity supply in Pakistan. There are basically two

companies that are working for the production of electricity. The Karachi Electric SupplyCorporation (KESC) which is responsible for the production of electricity in Karachi, Sindh,

Baluchistan and the adjoining areas whereas the responsibility to produce electricity for the rest

of the Pakistan falls under Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). Though both

the companies operate individually through their own networks they are connected with each

other at two points. Amidst strong disapproval the KESC was seized by GOP. But no satisfactory


13/46

measures were taken by the new owners to alleviate the energy crisis, despite their claims of not

only modernizing the infrastructure of the company but also making it a profitable entity within a

couple. What actually happened was that after the privatization, load shedding and breakdowns

in power became more frequent than ever. And now this debacle is not only restricted to Karachi

but in the recent months has caused disruptions throughout Pakistan. There have been power

fluctuations and power losses because of the insufficient electricity supply.

Small businesses badly hit by power outages

Published: April 09, 2010

LAHORE - Traders, shopkeepers and domestic consumers on Thursday took to streets in various parts of

the Punjab against 14 to 18 hours unscheduled loadshedding as the wheel of cottage industry has come to

a complete halt while massive power outrages are badly affecting the businesses, paralysing routine life

and forcing the helpless people to spend sleepless nights during hot weather.

The protesters took out rallies, staged strong protest demonstration and chanted slogans against the

PPP-led government for its complete failure to improve power supply despite the lapse of two years.

The helpless consumers on Thursday protested in various parts ofLahore, Faisalabad, Vehari, Sahiwal,

Renala Khurd, Sheikhupura and Kasur and blocked the roads by setting the tyres on fire, disrupting the

traffic flow for several hours.


14/46

All Pakistan Papers Merchants Association held an emergent meeting here in Lahore and condemned the

government for its failure to improve electricity supply in the country despite increasing tariff manifold.

The association said four to six-hour continuous power outages had destroyed the business activities in

the City and due to excessive loadshedding the businessmen have been left with no other option but to

close down industrial units.

On this occasion, they also announced that they would stage protest demonstration at Urdu Bazaar Chowk

on Sunday evening. All the shopkeepers and Anjuman-e-Tajran Urdu Bazaar also announced they would

join the protest against massive loadshedding.

In a press statement, President Lahore Kiryana Merchants Association Rao Muhammad Akram said the

champions of democracy had failed to deliver as the public is suffering due to 18 hours loadshedding,

high inflation and worsening law and order situation.

Addressing the meeting of the office-bearers, Rao Muhammad Akram said the power outages were badly

affecting the business activities but the government is not devising any comprehensive policy to get rid of

this menace. On the other hand, Pepco on Thursday said the electricity shortfall had reached 4810-MW in

the country as 1015-MW power generation was recorded against its demand of 14,810-MW.

Even after the government has increased electricity tariff manifold, putting extra burden on the already

inflation-hit public, the Pepco has resorted to 14 hours loadshedding in big cities while the rural

population is being supplied only four hours electricity.

The residents of Walled City say the entire locality had turned into hell during night hours due to worst

and unscheduled loadshedding.

Traders said the business activities came to a halt across the City due to excessive power outages. The

loadshedding also forced shopkeepers and traders to switch over to alternate arrangements like generators

and UPS, which had also increased the cost of doing business.

The local residents said 18 to 20-hour unannounced power outages are disturbing the life throughout the

provincial metropolis. There was six-hour continuous power outage in Johar Town on Wednesday

night, Mrs Irkam told The Nation by phone.

The Lahorites say the loadshedding is making their lives more miserable as the housewives have to burn

candles to cook food during the night hours.

The congested residential localities like Islampura, Sanda, Samanabad, Iqbal Town, Sabzazar, Johar

Town, Wahdat Colony, Kot Lakhpat, Shalimar and Baghbanpura areas are the most affected vicinities,

where LESCO has resorted to 18-hours breakdown.

But the posh neighbourhoods of Model Town, Township, Garden Town, Muslim Town, Gulberg and

Defence also fell victim to the most unwanted routine.


15/46

Muhammad Khan, a shopkeeper in Liberty Market, said that the massive loadshedding is badly affecting

his business. We have lost 50 per cent business due to unscheduled load shedding, he added.

The Chief ofQaumi Tajar Ittehad, Lahore (QTI) Irfan Iqbal Sheikh said that unscheduled loadshedding is

hampering the business activities. He urged the government to solve the electricity problem immediately

by importing electricity from Iran and China on cheaper rates so that the national economy did not suffer

further. The solution of electricity crisis is essential to improve the economic condition of the country, he

added.

HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT:

H0: There is no effect of power shortage on economic condition of Pakistan.

H1: There is an effect of power shortage on economic condition of Pakistan.

Independent variable: Power shortage

Dependent variable: Economic condition of pakistan

DATA COLLECTION SOURCES:

Collection of secondary data:

For every research, secondary data collection is very important. Without it, one thrashes out ones

research project. It solves the problem up to some extent even before research. In our research, secondary

data is collected through business journals, library, and internet and through consultation with our

teachers


16/46

Collection of primary data

Primary data would be the main source of information in our research. In research it plays a vital role to

get to the stated objectives. Selecting an appropriate research

tool to collect the accurate and precise primary data is a preliminary precaution in data measurement.

For this purpose, we rely on the well formulated questionnaire. As the accuracy and relevance of data

gathered depends heavily on the questionnaire, so we put extra efforts in formulating this tool. Making it

sure that it spells out many functions relating to the respondent.


17/46

Data analysis


18/46

Gender:

1) In which range does your age lie?

a) 15- 30

b) 31- 40

c) 41- 60

d) 60 above

OBSERVATIONS Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

15- 30 12 26 26 26

31- 40 16 32 32 58

41- 60 19 38 38 9660 above 3 4 4 100

13

16

19

2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

a) 15- 30

b) 31- 40

c) 41- 60

d) 60 above

Series 1

Series 1

44

6

YES

NO


19/46

3) In which range does your income lie?

a) Below 10,000

b) 11,000 - 25,000

c) 26,000 - 50,000

d) Above 50,000

OBSERVATIONS Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Below 10,000 4 8 8 8

11,000-25,000 24 48 48 56

26,000-50,000 16 32 32 88

Above 50,000 6 12 12 100

Q5: Electricity to you is

Extremely Very Some what Not very not at all

important important important important important

HO: People dont consider electricity important.

HA: People consider electricity important

4

24

16

6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

a) Below 10,000 b) 11,000 - 25,000 c) 26,000 - 50,000 d) Above 50,000


20/46

Level ofSignificance = 0.05

Degree of freedom = n-1= 4

Critical Value = 9.49

Chi Square Value = 101.4

9.49 101.4

Interpretation:

Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded thatnull hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that people

consider electricity important.

Observations fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe

Extremely important 37 10 72.9

Very important 12 10 0.4

Somewhat important 1 10 8.1

Not very important 0 10 10

Not at all important 0 10 10

TOTAL 50 50 101.4

Value not lies inside the region


21/46

6) Is power shortage affecting your life?

Yes

No

HO: Power shortage does not affecting the life

HA: Power shortage affecting the life.

OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe

YES 48 25 21.16

NO 2 25 21.16

TOTAL 50 50 42.32

Level of Significance = 0.05




3.84 42.32

37

121

0 0

extremely important

Very

Some what

Not very

not at all



22/46

Interpretation:

Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded that

null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that Power

shortage affecting the life

7) What is the extent of the effect of power shortage in your life?

Extremely high . ... ... ... ... . Extremely low

HO: power shortage is not extremely effecting life.

HA: power shortage is extremely effecting life.


Extremely low1 0 7.14 7.14

2 0 7.14 7.14

3 0 7.14 7.14

4 2 7.14 3.705 5 7.14 0.641

6 11 7.14 2.08

7 32 7.14 86.55

Extremely high

TOTAL 50 50 114.39

48

2

YES

NO


23/46





12.592 1142.39

Interpretation:



shortage extremely affecting the life.

8)How much your income is affected by power shortage?

Highly effected .. .. .. .. .. .. .. low effect

HO:Income is not effected by power shortage.HA: Income is effected by power shortage.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 34

56

7

0 0 0 25

11

32



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low effect

1 0 7.14 7.14

2 2 7.14 3.70

3 1 7.14 5.28

4 0 7.14 7.145 4 7.14 1.380

6 8 7.14 0.103

7 35 7.14 108.70

Highly effectedTOTAL 50 50 133.44





12.592 133.44

Interpretation:


null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that Income is

effected by power shortage.



25/46

9)Is power shortage is the cause of increasing your cost of doing business?

Yes

No

HO: Power shortage does not increase the cost of doing business.

HA: Power shortage increase the cost of doing business.


YES 47 25 19.36NO 3 25 19.36TOTAL 50 50 38.72





3.84 38.7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

1

3

5

7

0

2

1

0

4

8

35



26/46

Interpretation:



shortage increase the cost of doing business.

10) Is power shortage is the cause of increasing the prices of goods and services (inflation)?

Yes

No

HO: Power shortage does not increase the prices of goods and services.

HA: Power shortage increases the prices of goods and services.


YES 49 25 23.04NO 1 25 23.04TOTAL 50 50 38.72





47

30

10

20

30

40

50

YES NO

Series1


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3.84 38.72

Interpretation:



shortage increases the prices of goods and services.

11) Power shortage is increasing the rate of unemployment in our country?

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree Disagree

Strongly disagree

HO: Power shortage does not increasing the rate of unemployment.

HA: Power shortage increasing the rate of unemployment.

49

1

YES

NO



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Strongly agree 32 10 48.4

Agree 14 10 1.6

Neither agree nor disagree 1 10 8.1

Disagree 2 10 6.4

Strongly disagree 1 10 8.1TOTAL 50 50 72.6





9.49 72.6

Interpretation:


null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that : Power

shortage increasing the rate of unemployment.

32

14

1

2

1

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree



29/46

12) How much do you think is power shortage affecting pakistans international trade?

High effect .. .. .. .. .. .. .. low effect

HO:power shortage is not highly affecting the pakistans international trade

HA:power shortage is highly affecting the pakistans international trade


low effect

1 2 7.14 3.70

2 1 7.14 5.28

3 8 7.14 0.103

4 2 7.14 3.70

5 8 7.14 0.103

6 17 7.14 13.61

7 12 7.14 3.308

Highly effected

TOTAL 50 50 29.804





12.95 29.804

Interpretation:



30/46


null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that power

shortage is highly affecting the pakistans international trade.

13) What rating do you give to the following factors contributing to power shortage(out of

total 10 points).

a) Lack of infrastructure

b) Political factors

c) Resource depletion

d) Any other

HO: All these factors are equally contributing to power shortage.

HA: All these factors are not equally contributing to power shortage.


Lack of infrastructure 923 1250 85.54

Political factors 1064 1250 27.67

Resource depletion 2993 1250 2430.4

Any other 20 1250 1210.32

TOTAL 50 50 3753.92





02

4

68

10

1214

1618

low

effect

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 high

effect

21

8

2

8

17

12

Series 1


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7.815 3753.92

Interpretation:

Since statistical value does not lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is

concluded that null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means

that all these factors are not equally contributing to power shortage.

14) Is power shortage a hurdle in progress of industrialization process in Pakistan?

a) Yesb) No

HO: Power shortage is not a hurdle in progress of industrialization process in Pakistan.

HA: Power shortage is a hurdle in progress of industrialization process in Pakistan.

0

2000

4000

Lack of

infrastructure Political factorsResource depletion

Any other

9231064

2993

20



32/46


YES 47 25 19.36NO 3 25 19.36TOTAL 50 50 38.72





3.84 38.72

Interpretation:

Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded thatnull hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that Power

shortage is a hurdle in progress of industrialization process in Pakistan.

47

3

YES

NO



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15) According to you which sector is most effected by power shortage?

Agriculture

Textile Manufacturing

Retailing and whole selling

HO: power shortage has same affect on all these sectors.

HA: power shortage has not same affect on all these sectors.


Agriculture 17 12.5 1.62

Textile 8 12.5 1.62

Manufacturing 19 12.5 3.38

Retailing and whole selling 6 12.5 3.38TOTAL 50 50 10


Degree of freedom = n-1=3


Chi Square Value = 10

7.815 10

Interpretation:


null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means thatpower

shortage does not have same affect on all these sectors.



34/46

16) What do you think is the best possible alternative to conventional power generation?

a. Generators

b. Ups

c. Soler energy

d. Coal hydro power

e. Others

HO: All these alternatives are equally important.

HA: All these alternatives are not equally important.


generator 12 10 0.4

UPS 14 10 0.4

Solar energy 12 10 0.4

Coal hydropower 10 10 0

Other 2 10 6.4

TOTAL 50 50 7.6





7.6 9.488

17

8

19

6Agriculture

Textile

Manufacturing

Retailing and wholeselling

Value lies inside the re ion


35/46

Interpretation:


null hypothesis HO is not rejected and we accept HO. This means that all these alternatives are

equally important.

17) What percentage of positive impact on power generation will be the outcome according to

the above mentioned alternatives?

a) 01-25%

b) 26-50%

c) 51-75%

d) 76-100%e) Not at all

OBSERVATIONS Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

01-25% 10 20 20 20

26-50% 9 18 18 38

51-75% 13 26 26 64

76-100% 18 36 36 100

Not at all 0 0 0 0

12

1412

10

2 generator

UPS

Solar energy

Coal hydropower

Other

2038

64

100

0

-50

0

50

100

150

0 1 2 3 4 5 6


36/46

18)Is power shortage is one of the reasons behind economic downfall (if no then skip the next

question).

a) Yes

b) No

HO: power shortage is not one of the reasons behind economic downfall.

HA: power shortage is one of the reasons behind economic downfall.


Yes 46 25 17.64

no 4 25 17.64

TOTAL 50 50 35.28





3.84 35.28

Interpretation:


null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that power

shortage is not one of the reasons behind economic downfall.



37/46

0 10 20 30 40 50

YES

NO

46

4


38/46

Threats to Validity:

y Respondents may not give us the exact information in the questionnaire due to the lack of

interest.

y Due to controversial topic respondent may provided the biased information.y Due to the poor access to industries it is difficult to visit and get information from all related

industries

y May be the sample is not the true representative of population.


39/46

CONCLUSION

Through the data that is analyzed in the report and the literature review that is provided it is

concluded that there are many forces contribtin to power shortage and it is one of the main

reason of economic downfall.The challenge that faces the Government, economists, power

planners and electrical engineers of this country today, is to devise a strategy which would

enable the country to defeat the power shortage, the enormity of the problem and the multiplicity

of the constraints notwithstanding. An increasingly larger share of the national investment outlay

needs to be diverted to power generation. Despite additional fund allocations to the power sectorto meet high demand growth rates, the country still has not really succeeded in expanding, the


40/46

Bibliography

y http://www.dawn.com/2002/01/07/ebr10.htm.

y http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_of_Pakistan

y http://www.opfblog.com/1438/re-industrialising-pakistan-under-globalization/

y http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Pakistan-INDUSTRY.html

y Field interviews


41/46

Questionaire

Name of Respondent

Gender Male Female


e) 15- 30

f) 31- 40

g) 41- 60

h) 60 above

2) What is your occupation?

..


e) Below 10,000

f) 11,000 - 25,000

g) 26,000 - 50,000

h) Above 50,000

4) What first word comes to your mind when you hear the word power shortage?...

5) Electricity to you is

a) Extremely important

b) Very important

c) Somewhat important

d) Not very important

e) Not at all important


a) Yes

b) No


42/46


Extremely high . ... ... ... ... . Extremely low

8) How much your income is affected by power shortage?

Highly effected .. .. .. .. .. .. .. low effect

9) Is power shortage is the cause of increasing your cost of doing business?

a) Yes

b) No

10)Is power shortage is the cause of increasing the pirces of goods and services(inflation)?

a) Yes

b) No

11)Power shortage is increasing the rate of unemployment in our countrya) Strongly agree

b) Agree

c) Neither agree nor disagree

d) Disagree

e) Strongly disagree

12)How much do you think is power shortage affecting pakistans international trade?

High effect .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Low effect

13)What rating do you give to the following factors contributing to power shortage (out of total

10 points).

e) Lack of infrastructure

f) Political factors

g) Resource depletion

h) Any other

14)Is power shortage a hurdle in progress of industrialization process in Pakistan?

c) Yes

d) No

15)According to you which sector is most effected by power shortage?

a) Agricultureb) Textile

c) Manufacturing

d) Retailing and whole selling


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16)What do you think is the best possible alternative to conventional power generation?

f. Generators

g. Ups

h. Solar energy

i. Coal hydro power

j. Others

17)What percentage of positive impact on power generation will be the outcome according to


f) 01-25%

g) 26-50%

h) 51-75%

i) 76-100%

j) Not at all

18)Is power shortage is one of the reasons behind economic downfall (if no then skip the next

question).c) Yes

d) No

19)According to you how power shortage affecting the economy?

.

20)What do you think is the best possible way to cater this issue in future?

.


44/46

RAW DATA

Gender

Male = 44

Female = 6


a) 15- 30 = 12

b) 31- 40 = 16

c) 41- 60 = 19

d) 60 above = 3


a) Below 10,000 =4

b) 11,000 - 25,000 =24

c) 26,000 - 50,000 =16

d) Above 50,000 =6

5) Electricity to you is

a) Extremely important = 37

b) Very important =12

c) Somewhat important =01

d) Not very important =0

f) Not at all important =0


a) Yes =48

b) No =2


Extremely high 32 11 5... 2 ...0... 0... ..0... Extremely low

8) How much your income is affected by power shortage?

Highly effected 35.. 8.. 4... ..0.. 1.. 2.. 0... low effect

9) Is power shortage is the cause of increasing your cost of doing business?


45/46

a) Yes 47

b) No 3

10) Is power shortage is the cause of increasing the pirces of goods and services(inflation)?

a) Yes 49b) No 1

11) Power shortage is increasing the rate of unemployment in our country

a) Strongly agree = 32

b) Agree =14

c) Neither agree nor disagree =1

d) Disagree = 2

e) Strongly disagree = 1

12) How much do you think is power shortage affecting pakistans international trade?

High effect ..12.. ..17.. 8.. 2.. 8.. 2.. 1.. low effect

13) What rating do you give to the following factors contributing to power shortage

(out of total 10 points).

a) Lack of infrastructure 923

b) Political factors 1064c) Resource depletion 2993

d) Any other 20

14) Is power shortage a hurdle in progress of industrialization process in Pakistan?

a) Yes 47

b) No 3

15) According to you which sector is most effected by power shortage?

a) Agriculture 17b) Textile 8

c) Manufacturing 19

d) Retailing and wholeselling 6

16) What do you think is the best possible alternative to conventional power generation?


46/46

a) Generators 12

b) Ups 14

c) Soler energy 12

d) Coal hydro power 10

e) Others 2

17) What percentage of positive impact on power generation will be the outcome according to


a) 01-25% 10

b) 26-50% 9

c) 51-75% 13

d) 76-100% 18

e) Not at all 0

18) Is power shortage is one of the reasons behind economic downfall(if no then skip the next

question).

a) Yes 46

b) No 4

brm final report anu

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