1. Find at least five things that characterise Great Britain / England / Scotland / Wales / Ireland.

2. Why do the British often talk about the weather? What about Estonians?

3. Translate: tibab vihma, kallab kui oavarrest, lõõskav päike, orkaan / tuuleiil / tuulispask, hoovihm, paduvihm.

• Answer the following questions to see how much do you remember from class 1.

• political vs geographical name of the country

• capitals, symbols, flags (what do you call the national flag of the UK?), patron saints (when do you celebrate St. Patrick’s day?)

- Prehistoric 6th century BC – 43 AD - Romans 43 BC – 410 AD - The Germanic Invasions 410 AD – 1066 - The Medieval period 1066 – 1485 - The Tudors 1485 – 1603 - The Stuarts 1603 – 1714 - The House of Hanover 1714 - 1901

1) Overview2) Time before written records3) Roman period4) Germanic tribes 5) Revision6) Homework

* hill figures (horses in the hill)– * hill forts* stone circles (STONEHENGE) –

UNESCO World Heritage Site

* 6th – 3rd century BC invaded by Celtic tribes

• In south-western England• Silbury Hill, the largest burial mound in

Europe• Stonehenge – on Salisbury Plain, built

some time betwwn 5,000 and 4,300 years ago (Why was it built?)

SILBURY HILL

STONEHENGE, 3 x

© All Rights Reserved, Krebs Sebastien

• 55 BC Romans arrived – Julius Caesar, called the land Albion (white chalk cliffs in Dover, Latin “albus” - white)

• 43 AD invasion (Britannia was their colony)

122 AD Emperor Hadrian ordered a stone wall to be built (do you know where?)

400 AD Romans left to defend their empire against Germanic tribes

HADRIAN’S WALL

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/hadrian_gallery.shtml

• roads and towns (Londinium, York, Chester etc built on Roman foundations)

• villas• public baths• fortifications

• place names like Chester, Lancaster, Gloucester (Latin castra – a military camp) – find the places on a map

* Germanic tribes attacked – 5th century - Anglo-Saxons (originally pagan) in the south-east, in the west the army of (Celtic) Britons under the command of the legendary King Arthur

* AD 597 St Augustine from Rome arrives (Christianity spread 6th-7th century), headquarters at Canterbury

*

• “Regarded as the perfect example of medieval nobility and chivalry”

• Great English hero• More on him at

http://www.kingarthursknights.com/ -- go and visit to find out who were his knights

* 8th century Vikings’ raids OR* Norsemen (Norway) settled in Scotland,

Ireland OR* Danes England (traders of silk and fur)

1016 – 1042 Britain under Danish rule, Yourk the capital

Norman invasion – William the Conqueror

Your homework and our discussion next class.

What happened in these years?- 55 BC- AD 43- 61- 410

Who were these people (their connection with the UK)?

Julius Caesar, Queen Boudicca, King Arthur, Edgar

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/timelines/british/index.shtml

Find out about the dates yuo have to know and the dates you are interested in. See more pictures and background information.

What happened in 1066?Find as much information as you can

about it (Alfred, Edgar, Harold, William, Normans, Hastings)