british small arms development the inter war years
DESCRIPTION
This is a presentation delivered to a monthly meeting of the Historical Breechloading Smallarms Association (HBSA) of Great Britain in London, UK. Website: www.hbsa-uk.org British Small Arms Development during the inter-war years 1918 to 1939. In 1918 had large calibre Vickers machine gun, Farquhar-Hill SLR, improved Lewis gun, improved infantry cartridge, anti-tank rifle. Developed and/or introduced .5 inch Vickers, .55inch Boys, .303 Bren, 7.92 BESA, 15mm BESA, .380 Revolver, .303 inch No.4 rifle, .303 inch Vickers GO, .303 inch Browning, 20mm Hispano by Tony EdwardsTRANSCRIPT
British Small Arms DevelopmentThe inter war years
Tony Edwards
HBSAFebruary 2013
1918 1939
21 years
Situation in 1918
Large calibre Vickers gun
Farquhar-Hill SLR
Improved Lewis gun
Improved Infantry cartridge
Anti-tank rifle
Became .5 inch Vickers
Mark I
Scrapped July 1919
Scrapped.Later
replaced by
Vickers GO
Continued throughout 1920/30s
Work restarted in
1930s on Boys Rifle
Developed and/or introduced:
.5 inch Vickers
.55 inch Boys
.303 inch Bren7.92mm BESA15mm BESA.380 Revolver.303 inch No.4 Rifle.303 inch Vickers GO.303 inch Browning20mm Hispano
Development work carried out on:
Improved Pattern ’14 RifleImproved Lewis Gun.661 inch Gun.8 inch ElswickJanacek taper bore.276 inch Pederson
War to end all Wars
No Money
Over 2 million rifles in store (SMLE & P.’14)
No Money
Large numbers of Lewis & Vickers guns to hand
No Money
Constraints:
Large Calibre Vickers Gun
Requirement by Royal Air Force to counter the new breed of strategic heavy bombers.
- Greater armour piercing ability- Larger Incendiary/explosive payload
Also requirement by Army for a new anti-tank rifle.
.600-.500 Anti-Tank RifleDesigned by Godsal at Webley.
.600/.500 .5 inch Vickers
.5 inch Vickers Naval
The Admiralty were the largest user.
The proof requirement was that seven out of ten shots to penetrate 18mm of armour plate at 100 yards at a normal angle of attack and an additional seven out of ten to penetrate 14mm of armour plate at the same distance at 20 degrees angle of attack.
.5 inch Vickers approvals:
Ball Mark IIz May 1925
AP W Mark Iz July 1927
The Stanchion/Boys Rifle- Post WWI interest had waned
- New requirement arose in1934 when SAC asked to investigate a new infantry anti-tank rifle.
- Weight to be maximum 35 lbs but ideally much lighter.
- To defeat 25mm armour at 200 yards, 14mm at 500 yards normal attack.
- Rifle to be ready for test by May 1935.
- Consideration to be given to a taper bore design
- Initial investigation carried out using 13mm German T-Gewehr- New 13mm ammunition ordered, probably from FN or Sweden- German cases also reloaded with British bullets.- .5 inch Stanchion rifle given as cover name.
- First test rifles made by RSAF Enfield, others by Vickers Armstrong Ltd and BSA Ltd.
.600/.500 inch Godsal
.5 inch Stanchion
.5 inch Stanchion
Renamed Boys in December 1935 after Captain Boys
Hythe trials in September 1935 met AP performance
Consideration given to either increase calibre or case capacity to improve AP performance.
Early 1936 - Calibre increased to .55 inch
December 1936 – W Mark I approved- penetration: 7/10 to penetrate 16mm armour plate at 100 yards normal attack.
Why?
.5 inch Vickers could defeat 18mm at 100 yards
Even when W Mark II was approved in 1939 penetration was only increased to 19mm at 100 yards.
.5 inch Stanchion .55 inch Boys
.55 Inch Boys
.55 inch Boys Practice rounds
Improved new infantry rifle
- probably based on Pattern ’14
- possibly using coned chamber system
- AP performance: 15mm armour at 100 yards normal attack, 14mm at 20 degrees.
- Velocity c. 3,000 fps.
.303 Lewis .276 Enfield .450/.303
.303 inch
.276 inch
.25 inch
Rifle, Magazine, Experimental, .276 inchAinley Rifle
1939
Light Machine Gun Trials
BSA Lewis
Beardmore-Farquhar
Vickers Berthier
The Bren Mark I
Gerlich taper/coned barrel trials
First British trials with Gerlich skirted bullets 1932 and continued until 1940
9.3mm/7mm calibre
With 95 grain bullet – 4,880 fpsWith 126 grain bullet – 4,375 fps
9.25/7mm 15/11mm15.2/11.4mm
Janacek
Tapered muzzle attachment.
Used in “Little John” adaptors on 2 Pr., 6 Pr. And 17 Pr.
7.92MM BESA
Copy of Czech ZB53 Model 1937
In service 1939 – c 1955
Total Production 59,332
Fired case found on RSAF range from firing trials of ZB53 in 1937
15mm BESA(ZB60)
15mm BESA(ZB60)
In service 1939 -1945
Weight: 125lbsLength: 80.75”Penetration: 18.5mm 100 yards
12.5mm 1000 yards
RoF: 450 rpmMV: 2,940 fps
Only 3,218 made
Air Service Guns
.303 inch Vickers GO (Class K)
In service 1937 - 1945
.303 inch Browning
In service 1936 - 1945
Total production by BSA and sub-contractors 468,098
20mm Hispano
THE END
.303 inch Incendiary B Mark VII