brighten godfrey [email protected] fall 2009

CS 598: Advanced Internet

Brighten Godfrey

[email protected]

Fall 2009

1Tuesday, August 25, 2009

mailto:[email protected]


Today

Internet History

Course Overview

What’s Next


This course

• is instructed by Brighten Godfrey ([email protected], 3128 Siebel)

• takes place Tue & Thu, 3:30 - 4:45 pm, in 1302 Siebel

• comes with FREE office hours: currently, Fri 10:30-11:30am (we’ll reselect in a week or two) and by appointment

• has a web site: http://www.cs.illinois.edu/homes/pbg/courses/cs598fa09/




http://www.cs.illinois.edu/homes/pbg/courses/cs598fa09/




Your Instructor

• Ph.D. from UC Berkeley, Spring 2009, advised by Ion Stoica

• Dissertation on improving resilience and performance of distributed systems by taking advantage of heterogeneity

• Research interests: Design of highly reliable, flexible, and efficient networked systems, algorithms for and analysis of distributed systems. Currently Internet and routing architectures.


Course Goals

• Learn how the Internet works; how the Internet fails to work; new research re-envisioning the architecture and attacking new problems

• Experience in networking research, and how to read, criticize and present papers


Major topics

• Classic Architecture

• Congestion Control

• Routing

• Security

• Measurement

• New Internet Architectures

• Recent Topics (Overlay/P2P, DTN, data center)

Big Challenges

ScaleReliability

IndependenceSelfishness

Maliciousness

Classic & recent, Design & analysis6Tuesday, August 25, 2009

Requirements & Grading

• Project (50%)

• Paper reviews (15%)

• Paper presentations (20%)

• Class participation (15%)


1. Class project

• Goal: research project that could be developed into a conference submission

• Work alone or in groups of two

• Next lecture: Project ideas. Pick one or use your own.

• Steps: (1) topic approval, (2) midterm presentation, (3) final poster presentation, (4) final paper


2. Paper reviews

• Generally two papers per lecture

• Before class, you read them and email me comments (Subject: “CS598 Paper Review”)

• For each paper, one-paragraph review, including at least 2 criticisms


2. Paper reviewsExamples of acceptable comments

• This piece of the system could have been designed better by doing __, because __.

• The system won’t work as claimed because...

• A drawback/benefit not described in the paper is ___.

Examples of unacceptable comments

• Repeating statements in paper abstract

• Spelling mistakes

• Personal remarks


3. Paper presentation

• 20-25 minute presentation including key concepts / techniques / results and your criticism

• 10-15 minutes of discussion during/after

• At least 2 days before it happens, meet with me to show me your presentation


4. Class participation

• Comment, question, interact!


Today

Internet History

Course Overview

What’s Next


Visions

• Vannevar Bush, “As we may think” (1945): memex

• J. C. R. Licklider (1962): “Galactic Network”

• Concept of a global network of computers connecting people with data and programs

• First head of DARPA computer research, October 1962

Bush

Licklider


Circuit switching

1920s1967


1961-64: Packet switching

Circuit Switching Datagram packet switching

Physical channel carrying stream of data from source to destination

Message broken into short packets, each handled separately

Three phase: setup, data transfer, tear-down

One operation: send packet

Data transfer involves no routingPackets stored (queued) in each router, forwarded to appropriate neighbor


• Leonard Kleinrock: queueing-theoretic analysis of packet switching in MIT Ph.D. thesis (1961-63) demonstrated value of statistical multiplexing

• Concurrent work from Paul Baran (RAND), Donald Davies (National Physical Labratories, UK)

Kleinrock

Baran

1961-64: Packet switching

Circuit switching

Time

Packet switching

Time


1965: First computer network

• Lawrence Roberts and Thomas Merrill connect a TX-2 at MIT to a Q-32 in Santa Monica, CA

• ARPA-funded project

• Connected with telephone line – it works, but it’s inefficient and expensive – confirming motivation for packet switching

Roberts


The ARPANET begins

• Roberts joins DARPA (1966), publishes plan for the ARPANET computer network (1967)

• December 1968: Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN) wins bid to build packet switch, the Interface Message Processor

• September 1969: BBN delivers first IMP to Kleinrock’s lab at UCLA

An older Kleinrockwith the first IMP


ARPANET comes alive

Stanford Research Institute (SRI)

“LO”Oct 29, 1969

UCLA


ARPANET grows

• Dec 1970: ARPANET Network Control Protocol (NCP)

• 1971: Telnet, FTP

• 1972: Email (Ray Tomlinson, BBN)

• 1979: USENET

ARPANET, April 1971


ARPANET to Internet

• Meanwhile, other networks such as PRnet, SATNET deveoped

• May 1973: Vinton G. Cerf and Robert E. Kahn present first paper on interconnecting networks

• Concept of connecting diverse networks, unreliable datagrams, global addressing, ...

• Became TCP/IP

Kahn

Cerf


TCP/IP deployment

• TCP/IP implemented on mainframes by groups at Stanford, BBN, UCL

• David Clark implements it on Xerox Alto and IBM PC

• 1982: International Organization for Standards (ISO) releases Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model

• January 1, 1983: “Flag Day” NCP to TCP/IP transition on ARPANET

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

OSI ReferenceModel’s layers


Growth brings change

• Early 1980s: Many new networks: CSNET, BITNET, MFENet, SPAN (NASA), ...

• Nov 1983: DNS developed by Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris (USC/ISI), Craig Partridge (BBN)

• 1984: Hierarchical routing: EGP and IGP (later to become eBGP and iBGP)

Postel

Partridge

Mockapetris


Growth from Ethernet

• Ethernet: R. Metcalfe and D. Boggs, July 1976

• Spanning Tree protocol: Radia Perlman, 1985

• Made local area networking easy Metcalfe

Perlman


NSFNET

• 1984: NSFNET for US higher education

• Serve many users, not just one field

• Encourage development of private infrastructure (e.g., initially, backbone required to be used for Research and Education)

• Stimulated investment in commercial long-haul networks

• 1990: ARPANET ends

• 1995: NSFNET decommissioned

NSFNET backbone, 1992


The “hourglass” model

IP

TCP UDP

HTTP VoIPFTP

P2P Email ...Web

Ethernet NTP ...

...

Copper Fiber Radio ...

Innovation!

Simple, flexible standard“language of the internet”

Innovation!


Explosive growth!In hosts


Explosive growth!In networks

Inte

rnet

forw

ardi

ng t

able

siz

e

[Huston ’09]Year

(Colors correspondto measurements

from different vantage points)


Explosive growth!In complexity

ethernetsegment

hub

switch

LAN LAN

IP router

Autonomous System

...

BGP router

spanning tree+ learningbroadcast

MPLS, CSPF, OSPF, RIP, ...

eBGP, iBGP

Routing protocols


Explosive growth!In applications

Morris Internet Worm (1988)World wide web (1989)

MOSAIC browser (1992)Search engines

VoiceRadio

Botnets

Streaming videoSocial networking

Peer-to-peer

The results of your class projects!

In devices & technologies

NATs and firewallsWireless everywhereMobile everywhere

Tiny devices (smart phones)

...Giant devices (data centers)

Link speeds 200,000x faster


Huge societal relevance

FridayJune 12

SaturdayJune 13

SundayJune 14

[Source: Renesys]

Routing instabilities and outages in Iranian prefixesfollowing 2009 presidential election

Affe

cted

pre

fixes


Today

Internet History

Course Overview

What’s Next


Upcoming lectures

• Thursday Aug. 27: Discussion of challenges for the Internet, project, project topic suggestions

• Tuesday Sept. 1:

• Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, “A protocol for packet network intercommunication”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 22 No. 5, May 1974.

• David Clark, “The Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols”, Proc. SIGCOMM 1988.

• Thu Sept. 3: You begin presenting!

• Full reading list available next week


And finally...

• Name

• Email address

• Educational situation (Masters / PhD, research area, one or two sentences about your background in networking)

If you are taking this course,please email me your


brighten godfrey [email protected] fall 2009

Documents