BREAKING THE SPEED BREAKERS USING IMAGE PROCESSING

PRESENTED BY:

K.ANUSHA K.SIRISHAEmail:anushab.tech@yahoo.co.in Email: smsha.kndti_ece@yahoo.inVoice9985721336 Voice: 9948421024

Branch: E.C.ENOVA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN.

ABSTRACT

Comfort ability is the prior task in life of every living ones. The hindrance that stops the comfortability must be over ruled”, this is the aim of we engineers.

The main aim of this paper is to detect the speed breakers that lie along the roads and to intimate the driver to carry on with velocity that makes him and the vehicle comfortable. The best tool to be used is the boon of DSP, “The Image Processing”. A Video Camera is fixed to the front portion of the vehicle and it continuously captures the images. The capturing begins only when the speed of the car is reduced to 50kmph. The captured image is sent to the Digital signal processor (Dsp) where it compares the captured images with the preloaded images. If the captured image matches the preloaded one, the Dsp will fetch the corresponding speed limit opt for the

detected speed breaker. The driver will be intimated with the speed limit both by voice as well as display. Note: If it is an automated vehicle the final step can also be automated.

INDEX1. Speed Breaker Dimension2. Camera Installation3. Lens Focusing4. Speed Breaker Detection5. MATLAB Simulation Program6. Operational Block Diagram7. Conclusion

1. SPEED BREAKER DIMENSION

High way authority of India

follows the standard dimension in laying the speed breakers over the roads. The dimension of the speed breakers varies depends on the requirement and the environment.

Dimension Data:

Problem Incurred: Excess speed over the speed breakers may cause jerk and damage to the suspension and chassis of the vehicle. Reduced speed may make the vehicle to be stopped on the roadway.

2. CAMERA INSTALLATION

The Camera mounted on the front end of the vehicle is a CCD type. The preferable camera for these operations is Sony TRV 950. This works effectively even at a speed of 200kmph. It is possible to capture images with high resolution for about 100feet. It is very less affected by dust and fog. Normal Halogen headlights of the vehicle are sufficient for the camera to capture images in the nights.

3. LENS FOCUSING

The Camera detects the exact image of the speed breaker only at the instant when it is 40 feet from the speed breaker, which alone matches the preloaded image. The lens is made focused between the two front wheels of the vehicle.

The depth focusing is the prior task, such that the height of the speed breaker is the interest target. Hence the lens is tilted below an angle of 45o. Height of the lens is fixed from the ground level hence it can be made universal to all vehicles of various heights.

4. SPEED BREAKER DETECTION

The image captured by the camera has to be sent the image to the Dsp, initially the captured video frames are converted in to images by means of Avi software tool provided by macro-media and stored in the buffer as queue fashion. Dip Image detection: The Dip fetches the images stored in the buffer continuously. Dsp is supported with two forms of memory allocations viz.,

Preloaded Images Preloaded Speed Limit

Preloaded Images: Images of various speed breakers as prescribed by the highway authority are captured by TRV 950 camera at a distance of 40feet with the lens tilted below at an angle of 45o. Preloaded Speed limits: The Speed limits are provided for each image that is stored in the memory of the Dsp. The speed limit provided will be in such case that both driver and the vehicle are comfortable.

Height of the speed breaker

Speed limit (Kmph)

(cm) 5 7.5 10 15

40 30 20 10

Example:

40 kmph

Image Processing: The image is fed to the Dsp, the first process is to threshold and it fetches the required information from the image. The required information is the physical data that is the height of the speed breaker. The required data from the image alone is sorted out with brightness rest rendered as dark or vice versa as per the process carried out in the preloaded images.

The m and n values are the matrix columns sorted out from the image that is between the two wheels focused by the lens and θ is the threshold level parameter.

5. MATLAB SIMULATION PROGRAM

Clear;% Threshold level parameter Alfa:Alfa=0.2; % less than 1/3[x,map]=imread ('bre.gif');Ix=ind2gray(x, map);I_max=max (max (ix));I_min=min (min (ix));level1=alfa*(I_max-I_min) +I_min;level2=2*level1;level3=3*level1;thix1=max (ix, level1.*ones (size (ix)));thix2=max (ix, level2.*ones (size (ix)));

thix3=max (ix, level3.*ones (size (ix)));Figure (1); colormap (gray);Subplot (2, 2, 1); imagesc (ix); title ('bre');Subplot (2, 2, 2); imagesc (thix1); title ('threshold one alfa');Subplot (2, 2, 3); imagesc (thix2); title ('threshold two alfa');Subplot (2, 2, 4); imagesc (thix3); title ('threshold three alfa');

The images captured are fed to the Dsp; the captured image is undergone pixel detection with pixel region tool. It takes only the required information from the captured image that is the height of the speed breaker. Now Dsp compares the captured image with the preloaded images in an iteration fashion.

The matching will occur for only that captured image which attains the focusing of 40feet as that in the same case of the preloaded image. As when the Dsp detects that the two images are same it fetches the corresponding speed limit value for the speed breaker from the memory and it intimate the speed limit to the driver by Liquid Crystal Display (L.C.D) and by voice through the loud speaker. As when the driver reduced the vehicle to the suggested speed Dsp detects this action and terminate its operation till the driver increases speed after crossing the speed breaker.

6. OPERATIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

7. CONCLUSION

Images from the Camera

Present Speed Estimation

Preloaded Speed limits

Preloaded images

DSP

If the vehicle is an automated one then the output of the Dsp can be directly given to the automation control

unit. Image Processing proves to be more precision and effective than using a sensor to detect the speed breaker.