Brazilian Political Brazilian Political PartiesParties

The Struggle to Institutionalize The Struggle to Institutionalize

Brazilian Territory

Political Parties in Second Wave Political Parties in Second Wave Democracy (1946-66)Democracy (1946-66)

Attitude toward Getulio Vargas as the divide

Pro Vargas◦PTB (Brazilian Workers’ Party) top down◦PSD`

Anti Vargas◦UDN (National Democratic Union)

Personalism ◦Ademar de Barros (Sao Paulo) Social

Progressive Party

Political Parties Under the Political Parties Under the Military Government: First Military Government: First

Phase Phase

Elections of 1966: Vargas Parties WinMilitary Dictates Two Party System

◦ARENA◦MDB

Military Regime Loses Control Military Regime Loses Control of Party System of Party System

Modifications of November 1981◦Brizola & PDT◦PT (Workers’ Party) and the metal workers

(LULA)◦Ivette Vargas – PTB (not same as earlier PTB)

Split in Arena leads to election of Trancredo Neves

Military Regime Regains ControlMilitary Regime Regains Control

Jose Sarney (1985-1990)◦Leader of ARENA in the senate throughout

most of military regime◦Godfather of Northeast Brazil ◦Split from government party to form PFL

(Liberal Front) PMBD (suspicious of Sarney but wanted

patronage)

Transition to Competitive Party Transition to Competitive Party PoliticsPolitics

Cruzado Plan brings economic stability and legitimizes Sarney

November 1986 election◦PMDB captures 22 governorships◦PMDB controls constitutional convention

Sarney’s backing away from Cruzado Plan discredits PMDB/PFL governing coalition

Presidential Elections 1989/90Presidential Elections 1989/90Round 1 Round 1

Left: Lula (PT) eclipses Brizola (PDT)

Right: Collor unifies the right with the help of the media

Presidential Elections 1989/90Presidential Elections 1989/90Round 2 Round 2

Collor defeats Lula Collor Flies high & crashes

Brazilian Political Parties: After Brazilian Political Parties: After Collor: Collor: LeftLeft

PT◦National organization◦Tied to labor union movement

PDT◦Regionally based (Rio de Janeiro/South)◦Remnants of Vargas organizations

PSB◦Leftist intellectuals

Political Parties after Collor: Political Parties after Collor: The Brazilian CenterThe Brazilian Center

◦PSDB (Brazilian Social Democratic Party Social Democratic ideology (center-left, similar to

Democratic Party in the USA) Formed in 1988 from PMDB dissidents Led by Henrique Cardoso

◦PMDB Successor to MDB Tied to state political machines Strongly personalist

Brazilian Political Parties Brazilian Political Parties after Collor: Center Right after Collor: Center Right

PTB (different than pre-1964 PTB) ◦Reorganized by Ivete Vargas in 1981

PFL (Liberal Front Party)◦Split in Arena to back candidacy of

Trancredo NevesPPB (Brazilian Progressive Party)

◦ formed in 1995◦Some ruminants of ARENA

1994 Presidential Election 1994 Presidential Election

Itamar Franco as a caretaker president◦ Another accidental presidency◦ Fernando Henrique Cardoso as architect

of economic recovery {Real Plan} Voting in 1994

◦ One Round Only Cardoso 54% Luis Inacio “Lula” de Silva 27%

President President Fernando Henrique CarsodoFernando Henrique Carsodo

Rio de Janeiro native Son of an Army officer Spent much of the military regime in exile

Presidential Election of 1998Presidential Election of 1998

Fernando Henrique Cardoso Reelected

◦One Round Only Luis Inacio “Lula” de Silva 32% Cardoso 53%

Winning coalition ◦Social Democrats (PSDB)◦Liberal Front (PFL) party of Jose Sarney◦Labor Party (PTB) party of Ivette Vargas

1998 Election Results1998 Election Results

Presidential Election of 2002 Presidential Election of 2002 Winner:Winner: Luiz Inácio Lula da Luiz Inácio Lula da

SilvaSilva Birthplace: Caetes,

Pernambuco (27 October 1945

Family migrated to Sao Paulo

Political Party (PT) Coalition Partners

: PC do B, PRB, PMDB, PL, PSB, PP, PMN

Summary of the 6 October and Summary of the 6 October and 27 October 2002 Brazil 27 October 2002 Brazil

presidential election results presidential election results

Candidates Votes %1st round Votes % 2nd round Luis Ignacio Lula da Silva 39,436,099 46.4 2,772,475 61.3 (PT, PL, PC do B, PMN, PCB, PV)

Jose Serra 19,694,843 23.2 33,356.860 38.7 (PSDB, PMDB,PP) Anthony Garotinho 15,176,204 17.9 (PSB, PGT ,PCB)

2006 Presidential Election 2006 Presidential Election

Candidate of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)

Resigned from his position as governor of Sao Paulo to run for president

Geraldo Alckmin: Opposition to Lula

2006 Presidential Election: Lula 2006 Presidential Election: Lula again – two rounds again – two rounds

2010 -Presidential Debate: Round 12010 -Presidential Debate: Round 1

Lula Backs Dilma 1000%Lula Backs Dilma 1000%

Presidential candidate Running mate First Round October 3Popular vote

Absolute Percentage

Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) 47,651,434 46.91%

José Serra (PSDB) Indio da Costa (DEM) 33,132,283 32.61%

Marina Silva (PV) Guilherme Leal (PV) 19,636,359 19.33%

Plínio de Arruda Sampaio (PSOL) Hamilton Assis (PSOL 886,816 0.87%

José Maria Eymael (PSDC) José Paulo da Silva Neto (PSDC) 89,350 0.09%

José Maria de Almeida (PSTU) Cláudia Durans (PSTU) 84,609 0.08%

Levy Fidélix (PRTB) Luiz Eduardo Ayres Duarte (PRTB) 57,960 0.06%

Ivan Pinheiro (PCB) Edmilson Costa (PCB) 39,136 0.04%

Rui Costa Pimenta (PCO) Edson Dorta Silva (PCO) 12,206 0.01%

Valid votes 101,590,153 91.36%

→ Blank votes 3,479,340 3.13%

→ Null votes 6,124,254 5.51%

Total votes 111,193,747 81.88%

→ Abstention 24,610,296 18.12%

Electorate 135,804,433 100.00%

Round 2 Presidential – 2010 Round 2 Presidential – 2010

 

Nominee Dilma Rousseff José Serra

Party PT PSDB

Home state Minas Gerais São Paulo

Running mate Michel Temer Indio da Costa

States carried 15 + DF 11

Popular vote 55,752,483 43,711,162

Percentage 56.05% 43.95%

Geographic Distribution of Support: Geographic Distribution of Support: Round 2 – Presidential 2010Round 2 – Presidential 2010

Hundreds of supporters celebrate Dilma Hundreds of supporters celebrate Dilma Rousseff's victory on Paulista Avenue in São Rousseff's victory on Paulista Avenue in São

PauloPaulo