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BrazilianBrazilian InstituteInstitute forfor thethe EnvironmentEnvironment andand RenewableRenewable NaturalNatural ResourcesResources –– IBAMAIBAMA
EnvironmentalEnvironmental EmergenciesEmergencies CoordinationCoordination –– CGEMACGEMA
IBAMAIBAMA´́ss Prevention Measures for Oil Spills inPrevention Measures for Oil Spills in Inland Areas Along HighwaysInland Areas Along Highways
INOJOSA, Fernanda CunhaINOJOSA, Fernanda Cunha PirilloPirillo
OLIVEIRA, Cristiane deOLIVEIRA, Cristiane de
MASCARENHAS,MASCARENHAS, GutembergGutemberg MachadoMachado April, 2009
IBAMA Overview
• Federal Brazilian Institute for the Environment (similar to EPA)
• Agents: 5,000
• Nominated to deal with environmental emergencies: 150 agents
• IBAMA is not a first response institution. Its role is to monitor the accident and impose lawenforcement
When IBAMA Acts in an Emergency
• Accident is originated by a company that possesses an IBAMA permit
• Accident affects federal protected areas (e.g., National parks)
• Accident affects federal assets (federal rivers, highways, caves, etc.)
• Accident impacts are felt in more than one state or at the national frontier
• Nuclear material is involved
• National prosecutor requires action
• State´s environmental department requires or needs help
Freshwater in Brazil
Freshwater World Wide Comparisons – Brazil
Asia 32%
Africa 9%Europe
7%
America (other countries)
34%
Brazil 12%
Australia / Oceania 6%
(source: UNESCO)
Freshwater in America – Brazil
(source: UNESCO)
South America (other countries)
32%North America 34%
Central America 6%
Brazil 28%
Federal Highways in Brazil
BR 101 BR 163
BR 040 BR 116
BR 319
Freshwater + Highways
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Not informed Not specified Not classified
Not applicable More than 1 substance
Miscellaneous (9) Corrosive (8)
Biohazard (6.2) Poison (6.1)
Organic Peroxide (5.2) Oxidizin agent (5.1)
Dangerous when Wet (4.3) Spontaneously Combustible Solids (4.2)
Flammable Solids (4.1) Flammable Liquids (3)
Poisonous Gas (2.3) Nonflammable gas (2.2)
Flammable gas (2.1) Gas (2)
Explosives (1)
"2008" "2007" "2006"
Environmental Accidents – Substances
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Not informed
Water supply
Rivers/Streams
Lake
Beach
Population
Dead/injured
Sea
Fragile habitat
Flora
Fauna
Economic damage
Soil
Air
Ground Water
"2008" "2007" "2006"
Environmental Accidents – Impacts
Environmental Accidents – Sources
Industries 8%
Vessels 13%
Other 18%
Refinery 1%
Fuel posts 2% Pipeline
2%
Railway 6%
Platforms 5%
Storage 3%
Ports and harbours 4%
Dams 4%Highways
34%
Environmental Accidents in 2008 – Highways
Most dangerous Federal Highways – accidents with hazardous substances
1075 12%
1170 7%
1263 3%
3082 3%
1830 2%
Other 26%
1361 22%
1760 1% 1203
17% (gasoline)
1202 7%
(diesel)
Environmental Accidents in 2008 – Substances
Environmental Accidents in 2008 – Oil
Oil – 1st substance most involved in road accidents
Oil – 2nd substance most involved in road accidents
BrazilianBrazilian LawLaw
• Law 9.605/98 – “Crimes against the environment”
Article 56. To produce, process, package, import, export,sell, supply, transport, use or store product or toxicsubstance, dangerous or harmful to human health orthe environment, in disaccordance with the requirements established in laws or in its regulations:
Penalty – detention of one to four years and fine.
IBAMA´s Prevention Measures in Inland Areas
• Involves the following group of institutions: – IBAMA, Civil Defense, Federal
Highway Police, Regional Environment Agencies, etc.
• Consists of roadblocks in the most dangerous Federal Highways (First Step Measure)
• Inspections at companies liablefor illegal trucks (Second StepMeasure)
Roadblocks
During the roadblocks, the teams check: •• DocumentationDocumentation – driver´s license, environmental
agency permit, driver´s training certificate,invoice, etc.)
•• SafetySafety equipmentequipment – personal safety equipmen(mask, gloves, boots, etc.); and first responsequipment (warning signs, fire extinguisher,flashlights, cones, tools, etc.)
•• TruckTruck conditionsconditions – leaking, rusting, and crackingin the tank
Roadblocks
Roadblocks
Roadblocks
Roadblocks
(PRF)
Roadblocks
Would you breathe into it ??
(PRF)
(PRF)
Roadblocks
(PRF) (PRF)
EMPTY ??
Roadblocks
Penalties for illegal/irregular trucks:• Fines • Seizure of the truck
Liable for environmental crimes in transport: driver, owner of the product, transport company, buyer of the product.
Inspections
• When the government agents find irregularities during the roadblocks, the companies are selected for an inspection and can have their activities suspended
• Normally, when the truck is in bad shape, the company is also out of standards
Inspections
Inspections
Inspections
Inspections
Results
• Innovative approach in use at IBAMA, acting onprevention measures instead of remediation
• Educational focus
• Program held in 4 states in 2008
• BR $500,000,00 in fines (US $217,000,00)
Other Activities / Challenges in 2009/2010
• Expand the program to other states and highways
• National roadblock (educational)
• Develop contingencyplans for protectedareas crossed or surrounded byhighways
Brazilian National Contingency Plan ??
Future Cooperation
• How could we improve our actions? • Could our governments/companies work
together in the prevention of spills/contamination? – ICS – Technology exchange – Training
BrazilianBrazilian InstituteInstitute forfor thethe EnvironmentEnvironment andand RenewableRenewable NaturalNatural ResourcesResources –– IBAMAIBAMA
EnvironmentalEnvironmental EmergenciesEmergencies CoordinationCoordination –– CGEMACGEMA
(55) (61) 3316(55) (61) 3316--10701070
www.ibama.gov.br/emergencias