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Brainstorming Workshop on

Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for Production, Processing and Logistics 5th October, 2013

Gargi Hall, IIT Kharagpur Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for Production, Processing and Logistics A Draft Proposal ByIndian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Experts and Participants AffiliationDr. S.S. MagarDr. B. S. Konkan Agricultural University, PuneDr. P. ChandraCentral Institute of Agricultural Engineering, BhopalProf. N. VishwanadhamIndian Institute of Science, BangaloreDr. B. Dinesh KumarIndian Council of Medical Research, HyderabadDr. S. BhattacharyaBidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalay, MohanpurProf. D. BasuBidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalay, MohanpurProf. G. K. AdilIndian Institute of Technology, BombayProf. C. RajendranIndian Institute of Technology, MadrasProf. R. ShankarIndian Institute of Technology, DelhiDr. P. MishraCentral Rice Research Institute, CuttackProf. S. DuttaIndian Council of Agricultural Research, New DelhiProf. U. B. DesaiIndian Institute of Technology, HyderabadMs. J. UmadikarIndian Institute of Technology, MadrasDr. S. D. KoreIndian Institute of Technology, GuwahatiDr. A. BarveIndian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar3Food Production and Distribution in India Current ScenarioReferences1) Challenges of food security and its Management, 2011, National Rainfed Area Authoroty, Planning Commission, Government of India. 2) Gahukar, R.T., Food Security in India: The Challenge of Food Production and Distribution, Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, 2011, Vol.-12, pp. 270-286.3) Gulati, A., Gujral, J., .Nandakumar, T., National Food Security Bill Challenges and Options (http://cacp.dacnet.nic.in/NFSB.pdf).4) Viswanadham, N., Improving Indias Food Supply Chain, Supply Chain management and Logistics 2.0, 2008, Vol.- 4(2), pp 29-325) http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2012/sustainable-approaches-to-reducing-food-waste-in-india.html6) http://www.indianexpress.com/news/-india-will-have-to-double-food-production-by-2040-/1039151

Food production in India......Current Scenario Projected increase in food productivity - 50% by 2020, 100% by 2040 25-35% Losses in handling, transportation and storage Only 6% of logistics is linked with ICT High leakage through PDS FCI requires 52-74 MT* storage against 30 MT of current capacity Cold storage requires 31 MT against 21.7 MT of current capacity * MT Million Tonnes

All these data are from varied sources. The details of which are given in the references

4Food Production and Distribution in India Major Challenges Colossal wastage Low yield Variable food grain quality Inadequate infrastructure for cold chain, storage, handling, and transportation Poor database management Lack of control over quantity and quality to end customer Not dense monitoring Lack of traceability 5In order to overcome these tremendous challenges in food production and distribution system in India, a Comprehensive and Multi-disciplinary research and innovative work is required. Food Production and Distribution in India Required Approach6Food Production and Distribution in India Required Approach7Framework for implementing Food Security ActRobust Food Supply ChainProcurement and PackagingTransportation and DistributionWarehousing and cold chainICTBiotechnological SolutionFunctional GenomicsMetabolomicsLow Cost NutraceuticalsDiagnosticsFood ProductionMechanizationWater and NutrientsClimate changePost-harvesting and StorageProcessing and StorageQuality assessmentFood Production and Distribution in India Framework for NFSA8Departments involved Thematic research areas Key research issuesNo. of programs Industrial Engineering and Management(Other participating departments: Mechanical, Civil, and computer Sci. & Engg.) Strategic and operational supportDemand and requirement analysis, Procurement, packaging, storage, transportation and distribution policies Information and communication technology (ICT) for waste control Multi-model hierarchical strategic modeling5Agricultural and food engineeringFood grain production- Mechanization in food production- Water and nutrient management - Climate change adaptations and mitigations3Post-harvest processing and storage- Grain processing and storage- Stored food grain quality2Department of Biotechnology

Biotechnological solutions to sustain NFSA- Functional genomics Metabolomics Low cost nutraceuticals developmentDiagnostics 4Overview of the Proposal Collaborative research would be pursued with other IITs. A pilot project will also be undertaken by adopting villages near IIT Kharagpur to disseminate best practices in terms of key findings, technologies, innovation, and methodology. 9Operational Stages Related to Food Supply ChainWaste handlingDistributionWaste handling10ProcurementSpecific Objectives: Overall demand assessment for different food grains. Procurement of food grains to satisfy the demand. Packaging of food grains.Deliverables: Development of demand forecasting methodology based on data analysis and other forecasting techniques. Identification of optimal procurement strategy based on forecasted demand. Classification of packaging size, types and material requirement to suit the ready to eat, take home ration and other provisions. 11Transportation and StorageSpecific Objectives: Provide adequate storage facility for procured food grains. Identify optimal transportation network for food grains. Modernize storage facility to increase shelf life of food grains. Deliverables: Identification of optimal locations and their capacity of the central warehouses, central depots and state depots based on the demand. Identification of optimal transportation mode (rail and road) to transfer grains. Identification of numbers of rail wagons/racks, trucks/small vehicles required for the transportation in the view of optimal transportation mode and route. Design network of cold chain storage system to maintain the food quality and reduce the wastage. Design and develop the standards for cold storage for storing wide variety of food products. Identification of optimal number of public distribution system (PDS) based on population and demand.12DistributionSpecific Objectives: Minimize stock quantity and reduce inventory and wastage. Identify optimal replenishment policy to reduce overall cost.Deliverables: Development of analytical tools to identify stocking and inventory strategies. Development of joint or coordinated replenishment policy for fulfilling the requirement at various levels to reduce the overall cost. Minimizing the overstocking and under stocking at various levels13Waste handlingSpecific Objectives: Integration of ICT with logistics to achieve traceability, on-time delivery, optimized stock management, distributed channel and waste reduction. Deliverables: Barcode or smart tagging identification system. Levelling the packages according to the state and region. ICT enabled advance inventory management to minimize the wastage. Studies on understanding the problems associated with acceptance, continuance, and post implementation issues related to ICT implementation. Supply chain decision support system for identification of demand supply gap and dynamic identification of nearest supply-demand points for immediate fulfilment. Online recording and redressal of consumer grievances. Application of machine learning and data mining tools for knowledge discovery from the data generated from information systems. Development of centralized integrated online software system for the efficient management of buffer stocks and immediate supply to marginalized regionsDevelopment of integrated rail, road transport facility with online tracking systems during transit by means of low cost wireless sensors, GPS, RFID and barcodes. Development of online software and data entry systems for effective record keeping of rations served, personnel benefited under the scheme in each region14WP 1: Strategic and operational support to implement NFSALeading Department: Industrial Engineering & ManagementProgram 1: Demand, Procurement and Packaging requirementsProgram 2: Storage and Transportation requirementsProgram 3: Stock management & replenishment policyProgram 4: Information and communication technology (ICT) and waste control in LogisticsProgram 5: Multi-model hierarchical strategic modeling15Lead Department:Agricultural and Food Engineering DepartmentIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurSustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for Production, Processing and LogisticsThematic Research Areas:

Food Grain Production

Post-harvest Processing and Storage16Food Grain Production & Post-harvest Processing and StorageMechanization: Land preparationSowing/plantingFertilizer and pesticide applicationHarvestingWater management:Irrigation systemGround water recharge Water conservationVillage adoption: Food Grain ProductionNutrient management: Need-based nutrient Integrated nutrient managementClimate change adaptation:Crops and cultivarsProduction practicesWeather-based advisory serviceGrain processing & Storage: Primary processing of grainsModernized grain storage systemEfficient managementStored food grain quality:Quality control systemQuality assessment methodologiesVillage adoption: Post-harvest Processing and StorageWork Package: Precision agriculture and sustainable technologies for enhancing food grain productionMechanization in Food Grain ProductionResearch & Innovations in Food Grain ProductionWater and Nutrient ManagementClimate Change Adaptations/MitigationsObjectives: Development of sensor-based technology for seed metering and fertilizer applicationDevelopment of harvesting machine and pest management toolsSkill building of farmers with regard to machine useProgramme 1: Mechanization in Food Grain ProductionMachine suitable in farmers field of different land holding sizesPrecision nutrient and pest managementObjectives: Development of technologies for enhanced water use efficiencyReal-time irrigation and nutrient management technologiesApplication of nano-materials fertilizer for production improvementTechnologies for increasing WUEProgramme 2: Water and Nutrient ManagementICT-based real time irrigation and nutrient management Nano-materaial based fertilizer application packagesObjectives: Analysis and understanding of climate change impacts on soil health, water demand and food grain productionIdentification of climate-resilient cultivars of cereal cropsDevelopment of agro-adaptations/mitigationsCultivars for rising temperature environmentProgramme 3: Climate Change Adaptations and MitigationsAgro-adaptations on water and nutrient managementProduction system adaptationsBasic information on productionResearch & InnovationTarget ProductionWork Package: Processing and storage technologies to minimize post-harvest loss of food grainsGrain Processing & StorageResearch & Innovations in Post-harvest Processing & Storage Stored Food Grain Quality AssessmentObjectives: To develop processing and storage technologyTo minimize storage losses by technology up-gradationSetting up of tertiary processing centres for RTE meals for processing and packaging Upgraded on-farm processing technologyProgramme 1: Grain Processing and StorageEfficient storage structure from farm to national levelRTE practicesObjectives: Development of food grain quality control systems and methodologiesRapid methods for quality & safety assessment of stored grainsEfficient handling system for online tracking with modern techniques and methodsCapacity building of farmers, entrepreneurs and stake holdersProgramme 2: Stored Food Grain Quality AssessmentRapid grain quality assessment methodsEfficient handling systemProgramme 2: Stored Food Grain Quality AssessmentCollaborating PartnersCentral Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR, BhopalDr. B.S. Konkan Agricultural University, PuneCentral Rice Research Institute, ICAR, CuttackBidhan Chandra Krishi Visvavidyalaya, Kalyani, West BengalIndian Agricultural Research Institute, New DelhiOrissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhunabeswar, OdishaIndian Grain Storage Management and Research Institute, Hapur, UP

Biotechnological solutions to sustain National Food Security Act 2013Leading Department: Department of BiotechnologyLevelDescriptionAYield improvement of crops (mainly cereals)BNutritional quality improvement of plant productsCStorage & Transport of plant productsDProcessed/packaged food with preservatives and supplements for safe and extended shelf-life of food products What are the different levels of R & D that need to be addressed ? Adequate quantity of quality food at affordable prices to the target peopleFood for proper energy, better nutrition and appropriate healthcareGoal: Requirement : short-term (3-5 years) & long-term (6-10 years) programsBiotechnology can play significant role in these programs at all 4 levels Specific Biotechnological Programs Sl . No.Sub-Program (Project)1Functional Genomics of rice crop for improvement of grain yield and product quality2Metabolomics for developing biomarkers as a tool to evaluate the superior phenotypes of cereal cultivars3Food security by reduced dietary intake: Low cost nutraceuticals development from Rice, wheat and coarse grains4Developing sensitive diagnostic kit for detection of pathogens in stored food grains Robust multidisciplinary projects involving different departments/centers of IIT-Kharagpur along with research collaborators from outside.Functional Genomics of rice crop for improvement of grain yield and product qualityExpression profiling/ Microarray analysisAllele mining from wild type/ cultivated accessionsTransgenic technology to create loss-of-function & gain-of-function mutationsRice genome sequence informationBioinformaticsPredicted genes* involved in grain yield & product qualityIdentified/ characterized sets of candidate genesFunctional / genic molecular marker for selective breeding of desired trait in progenyGenetically modified plant with desired trait in elite cultivarField trail etc. Release of cultivars*Gene involved in grain yield: Biotic & abiotic stress-tolerant, grain size & weight, semi-dwarfism, efficient nutrient uptake, male sterility for hybrid seed

*Gene involved in product quality: Nutrient-enrichment, toxin elimination31Metabolomics for developing biomarkers as a tool to evaluate the superior phenotypes of cereal cultivarsRice wild type/ cultivated accessionsMetabolomicsIdentified sets of metabolites correlated to desired traits*Development of targeted diagnostic assays for metabolite assisted breeding of desired trait in progenyField trail etc. Release of cultivars

32Food security through reduced dietary intake: Low cost nutraceuticals development from rice, wheat and coarse grainsCoarse grainsWheat grainsRice grainsMore prebiotic enriched semi-processed grainsNutritional analysis, pilot testing in local hospitals, municipality and medical college with involvement of nutrition experts, and packaging/shelf life testing

Per capita consumption can be reduced

Dietary carbohydrate based energy release may be improved

Gut microbiota will be better managed to save 40% wastage of carbohydrate

Metabolic engineering of grain crop carbohydrate will enable cost-effective and efficient healthcare

Biotechnological processing for preferred carbohydrate profileFortification with probiotics & micronutrientsDeveloping sensitive diagnostic kit for detection of pathogens in stored food grains Stored grains and food materialsSensitive Diagnostic Kit*Identification of pathogens and toxinsSegregation/ destruction of infected food materials*Kit based upon: Biochemical, Polymerase chain reaction, serological tests coupled with sensitive image capturing deviceUninfected food materials are ready for public distribution systems 34National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad Bidhan Chandra Krishi Visvavidyalaya Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack Seed or agri-business companiesOthers.Prospective Collaborating PartnersThank you all36