Business Process Mapping Power Sector TRANSMISSION

Business Process MappingPower SectorTRANSMISSION By:

Prof. ANIL KUMAR P & IFM, UPES, DDN.

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TRANSMISSION SYSTEMPresented by: ANIL KUMAR

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TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSION4TRANSMISSION - OverviewTransmission is link between Generation and Distribution.Transfer of electrical power from Generating Stations to the industrial, commercial or residential consumers is as important as Power Generation & Supply of electricity. Typically Power Transmission is in between the Power plants and a Distribution Substation in the vicinity of a populated area and industries.Power-Grid Corporation is nodal agency for major transmission activities in India.

BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSION5TRASMISSION- Overview (Cont.)For power transmission of electricity normally we upgrade generated voltage near power house for better economics and efficiency. Which ultimately again converted into lower voltage for Sub-transmission and Distribution at the fag end of transmission. A power transmission system is sometimes referred as a "grid because of inter-connected network of transmission lines.

BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSION6Transmission Sector in India as follow:

TRANSMISSION - Overview (Cont.)Transmission Line of Centre and State Sector have different voltage & system e.g. 220Kv, 400Kv, 765Kv or 1200 Kv AC & 500 Kv & 800 Kv DC .Normally every region is divided in to two sector for transmission pricing - NR-1,NR-2,ER-1,ER-2,WR-1,WR-2,SR-1,SR-2,NERUsually transmission length is given in Ckt. Km. Indian transmission system is divided into five geographical zones East, West, North, South & North-East Regional Grids.

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BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSION7TRANSMISSION Project ClassificationTransmission Project Life Cycle - Covers all the essential aspects right from the need of particular Trans-project to its Testing and commissioning. It also covers for the various activities and requirements during its Operating Phase. Hence, Transmission project is broadly classified into two sections : Section A : Construction Phase Section B : Operation and Maintenance Phase

BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSION8

TRANSMISSION:

SECTION A - CONSTRUCTION BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSION9

1-Project Conceptualization.2-Transmission System Planning.3-Feasibility Studies.4-Bidding and Proposal.5-Procurement.

6-Construction.8-Quality Assurance.9-EHS & Permit To Work.7-Project Management and Monitoring.10-Testing and Commissioning

SECTION B OPERATION & MAINTENANCEBUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSION10

11-Transmission Operation.12-Grid Operating Procedure.13-Scheduling and Dispatch14-Regional Electricity Market15-Smart Grid.16-Electricaly Operated Equipments18-Substation Automation 19-Disaster Management.20-Metering and Billing. 17-Preventive Maintenance

A-CONSTRUCTIONCONCEPTUALIZATION AND SYSTEM PLANNINGQUALITY ASSURANCE PROCUREMENT & CONSTRUCTIONFEASIBILITY STUDYBIDDING & PROPOSALPROJECT MGT. & MONITORINGTESTING AND COMMISSIONINGEHS & PTWB-OPERATION & MAINTENANCESCHEDULING & DISPATCHDISASTER MGT.PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCESUBSTATION AUTOMATIONREGIONAL ELECTRICITY MARKETGRID OPERATING PROCEDUREMETERING AND BILLING TRANSMISSION PROCESS

Project identification Requirement Analysis & Load Computation

Project Conceptualization

Environment Impact Assessment

Feasibility Study

Clearances Forest Clearances PTCC

Bidding and Proposal

Transmission system Development with Criteria Transmission System Planning

Transmission line DesignSubstation Design

Procurement & Construction

Package List For Proposals Cost Estimate Qualifying Requirement

Procurement & Construction

System of Vendor and Sub Vendor Approvals Manufacturing Quality Plan

Quality Assurance

Environment, Health & Safety (EHS) aErection and Commissioning of S/s

Project Mgt & Monitoring

Grid Operating Procedure IT application in Transmission Protection of Transmission

Operation & Maintenance

Preventive Maint. Disaster Mgt CRM ,Metering & Billing Inspection Mgt

SECTION A-CONSTRUCTION14BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION SYSTEM PLANNING (TSP)PROCESS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PLANNINGTRANSMISSION PLANNING CRIETERIONPROCESS FLOW FOR TRANSMISSION FLOW DECISIONFEASIBILITY STUDY RECONNAISSANCE & PRELIMINARY SURVEYSENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESMENT AND MGT. PLANNINGENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL MGT. PROCEDURES CLEARANCESPROCEDURE OF FOREST CLEARNCESFOREST PROPOSALPOWER & TELECOM COORDINATION COMMITTEE.PROJECT IDENTIFICATION A POWER TRNSMISSION PROJECT IS IDENTIFIED ACCORDING TO THE DEMAND-SUPPLY OF A GIVEN REGION REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS AND LOAD COMPUTATION.

SECTION A-CONSTRUCTION15BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSION

PROCUREMENT & CONSTRUCTION DETAILING OF CONSTRUCTION-PLANNING OF TRANS. LINEROUTE ALIGNMENT & DETAILED SURVEY USING MODERN TECHNIQUES.COMPLETE DESIGN WITH STANDARIZATIONCOMMERCIAL SPECIFICATIONGENERAL TERMS AND CONDITION OF CONTRACTDETAILED STUDY OF COMPONENTS LIKE OIL FILLED TRANSFORMER, 2) OIL FILLING 3) VACCUM PULLING 4)EARTH SWITCHING 5) ARCING HORNS 6) CONSRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF S/S 7) LIGHTING ARRESTORS

BIDDING AND PROPOSALBIDDING PROCESSFORMS OF CONTRACTQUALIFYING REQUIREMENT BIDDERS SELECTION:PREPARATION OF COMMERCIAL/TEHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSUBMISSION OF BID

SECTION A-CONSTRUCTION16BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSION

PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PROJECT MONITORING PROJECT SCHEDULE

QUALITY ASSURANCENEED FOR QUALITY ASSURANCEQUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVESSERVICE REALIZATION PROCESS AND INTERACTIONS SHIFT IN QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCESS

[]PROCUREMENT & CONSTRUCTION (CONTD..)DETAILED STUDY OF COMPONENTS AS 1) OIL FILLED TRANSFORMER, 2) OIL FILLING 3) VACCUM PULLING 4)EARTH SWITCHING 5) ARCING HORNS 6) CONSRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING 7)LIGHTING ARRESTORS

EHS & PERMIT TO WORK TERRESTRIAL HABITAT ALTERATION RIGHT OF WAY MAINTENANCE AQUATIC HABITAT ALTERATION

SECTION A-CONSTRUCTION17BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSION

SAFETY INSTRUCTION SAFETY INSTRUCTION SFOR WORKING UPTO 650 VOLTS WORKING WITH LINE MAINS AND APPARATUSSAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ABOVE 650 VOLTS TEST FOR PROVING MAINS AND APPARATUSEARTHING AND SHORT CIRCUITING THE MAINS WORK ON OVERHEADLINES ; HIGH VOLTAGE CABLES SAFETY AND FIRST AID EQUIPMENTS

ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PERMIT TO WORK ISSUANCE OF PTW:WORK ON MAINS VALIDITY OF AUTHORIZATIONTESTING AND COMMISSIONINGTESTING : CONDUCTOR CONTINUITY TEST APPROVALS

SECTION B-O& M18BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSIONGRID OPERATING PROCEDURENETWOR SECURITY AND SYSTEM OPERATION FREQUENCY CONTROL PREVENTIVE MEASURES DURING HIGH FREQUENCY.DEMAND ESTIMATION LOAD CRASH BILATERAL AGREEMENTS

TRANSMISSION OPERATIONROLE OF LOAD DISPATCH CENTERGRID MANGEMENT FUNCTIONS

SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH PROCEDURES.REVISION OF SCHEDULES.EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION.GRID DISTURBANCES AND REVIVAL SYSTEM REVIVALDECLARATION OF SYSTEM NORMALIZATION

SECTION B - O & M19BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSIONREGIONAL ELECTRICITY MARKETDAILY SCHEDULING PROCESS.UI VS. SYSTEM MARGINAL COST. IT APPLICATION IN POWER SECTOR. CONVERGENCE OF THREE ASPECTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

INTER-REGIONAL SUPPORT .EVENT INFORMATION AND REPORTING. SETTLEMENTS SYSTEM.

SMART GRID KEY ATTRIBUTES ARCHITECTURAL VIEW.PROXIMITY OF COASTAL AREAS

ELECTRICALLY OPERATED EQUIPMENTS CLEANING VANS TRUCK ENGINE OPERATED VAN ROBOT SYSTEM METHODS OF CLEANING

SECTION B- O & M20BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSIONPREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROTECTION SYSTEM RESPONSE TO POWER SYSTEM STABILITIES FACTS AUTOMATIC GENERATOR CONTROL (AGC)ISLANDINGHAND CLEANING TECHNIQUES FOR CLEANING DURING ENERGIZED CONDITION 1)HAND HELD JET NOZZLE 2)REMOTE CONTROL JET 3)FIXED SPRAY 4)HELICOPTER MOUNTED COMPRESSED AIR DRY CLEANING TYPES OF EQUPMENTS

IT APPLICATION & SUBSTATION AUTOMATION DYNAMIC LOAD SHEDDING ONLINE SYSTEM MONITORING ENHANCING LEGACY CONTOL AND PROTECTION SYSTEMIT APPLICATION IN TRANSMISSION

SECTION B- O & M21BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSIONDISASTER MANAGEMENT FAILURE OF ELECTRICITY GRID.DISASTER ZONING FOR NATURAL CLAMITIES.OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE DISASTER MANGEMENT PLAN. STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITIES OF DMP.ENERGY MANAGEMENT GROUP

METERING AND BILLING INTEGRATED METERING & BILLING SYSTEMEFFIENT COLLECTION SYSTEM

TRANSMISSION PLANNING

REGIONAL ELECTRICITY MARKETS

Or House Load Operation24

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Network Management Network Planning & Construction Network OperationsNetwork Maintenance Network Planning Control and Automation Asset Management Design Alarm and Event handling Crew Management Work Management Switching Operation Trouble call Handling Project Management Load Shedding Outage Analysis

Key Processes And Activities in Network Management25

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System Operation - Regional Level

CENTRAL HYDRO

CENTRAL THERMAL

CENTRAL NUCLEAR

BULK CONSUMERS

STATE GRID 1

STATE GRID 2

STATE GRID n

IPPs

REGIONAL GRID

RLDC

DISCOS

DISCOS

DISCOS

OTHER REGIONAL GRIDS

Independent power producers27

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Power System Operating StatesNormal State99 % of the Time utilizedRestoration StateLoad Constraints are violatedAlert stateSystem weakenedExtreme StateDynamic InstabilityEmergency StateLoad Constraints are still satisfiedRestorative ForceResynchronization Fast Corrective ActionEmergency ControlPreventive Control

KPI for Transmission (O & M)

BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING - TRANSMISSION29

TECHNICAL INSTALLATIONHUMAN RESOURCESFINANCIALOPERATIONAL

Voltage Level & System

Transfor-ming capacity

No of S/S & Transmission Line Length in Ckt, KmPower Transfer In MW/KM Per MandayInter-Regional Transfer Capacity

Revenue & Expenses per unit Energy TransferReturn on Capital (ROC)T&C LossesWheeling Charges % of Loading of Transmission LineMetering Billing & Collection Efficiency % of Outage or Service Interruption in a monthNo & Duration of voltage complaints received during the month No & Duration of frequency complaints received during the month

Reliability, Quality, Safety & Security Factors

IT TOOLS IN CURRENTLY IN USE IN TRANSMISSIONSCADA/GIS/EMS SYSTEMSSUB STN AUTOMATION

SCADA - SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITIONEMS ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMGIS Geographical Information System

EHV Network - SCADA/ GIS /EMS system Distribution Network SCADA/GIS/DMS systemS/S Operation - S/s Automation system /GIS

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SCADA

DMS FUNCTION

EMS FUNCTION

S/S AUTOMATION FUNCTION

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION NETWORKS/S AUTOMATION

RTU DATA ACQUISITION SUPERVISORY CONTROLDATA EXCHANGEDATA PROCESSINGAlarmsSequence of Event (SOE) recordingGeneralised CalculationsDISTURBANCE DATA COLLECTIONHISTORICAL INFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVALSCADA FUNCTIONS FOR REAL TIME MONITORING & CONTROL

OPERATION SCHEDULING

Load forecastingInflow forecastingUnit commitmentHydro schedulingHydro Thermal CoordinationInterchange schedulingInterchange transaction evaluationCurrent operating planOutage schedulingPOWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Network TopologyState estimationContingency analysisOptimal power flowTransmission loss sensitivity factorsPost disturbance analysisLOAD GENERATION BALANCE

Operation monitoringAGC Economic despatchReserve monitoringLoadshed /Restoration Production costingEMS SOFTWARE FUNCTIONS

HIERARCHICHAL SYSTEMRLDCSTATE LDCSTATE LDCSTATE LDCSTATE LDCSTATE LDC

SUB-LDCSUB-LDC

SUB-LDCsSUB-LDCs

RTUsRTUs

FEATURES at Sub-LDC, SLDC & RLDCSCADA/EMS FUNCTIONSRLDCSLDCSub-LDCSCADAINFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVALREAL-TIME DISPATCHINGOPERATIONS SCHEDULINGPOWER SYSTEM ANALYSISDISPATCHER TRAINING SIMULATOR

Capture location sensitivityLayered informationTime slicesIntegrating location and time information in a consistent frameworkGIS Application

GIS will become the starting point for almost all activities not only in transmission but also in distribution too like

PlanningEngineeringEstimation & Ordering Customer Relationship ManagementO&M and OMSNetwork Optimization.Energy Auditing etc.

GIS-AM/FMNetwork AnalysisConsumerInformationSystem(CIS)SCADA-DMSSAPEnterprise Wide Integrated GIS.OMS- ResponderCustom Tools( Energy Audit Scheduler et al.)Utility wide Unified Database

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Stages of Development of Smart Grid

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GENERATION REGULATIONS (EA 2003)

44Transmission Utility at the Centre & States must undertake planning & development of transmission system. (Sections 38 & 39)

Load Despatch to be in the hands of a govt company/organisation. Flexibility regarding keeping Transmission Utility and load despatch together or separating them. Load Despatch function critical for grid stability and neutrality vis a vis generators and distributors. Instructions to be binding on both. (Sections 26, 27,31, 38, 39)

Private Transmission companies to be licensed by the Appropriate Commission after giving due consideration to the views of the Transmission Utility. (Sections 15 (5) (b))

Load Despatch Centre/Transmission Utility / Transmission Licensee not to trade in power. Facilitating genuine competition between generators (Sections 27, 31, 38, 39,41)

Open access to the transmission lines to be provided to distribution licensees, generating companies. (Sections 38-40)

Transmission Utility can do other Business but not the Power Trading. ( Section 41)

Transmission Regulations (25 to 41)

DISTRIBUTION REGULATIONS (42 TO 60)

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Energy Resource Map

Coal

Hydro

Hydro potential in NER and upper part of NR

Coal reserves mainly in ER

For optimal utilisation of resources, better load management and avoiding regional imbalance - strong National Grid

46The exploitable energy resources in our country are unevenly distribute. The hydro resources are mainly concentrated in north and NER. Coal is abundant in Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. And some regions do not have adequate natural resources for power plant set ups. Also in process reducing national diversity factor.

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Installed Capacity 1,56,092 MW (approx.) March 2010, (Central: State - 34:55 )36,547.01 MW40,514.54 MW17,608.8238,143.63 MW2,506.25

Surplus Regions

Deficit Regions

Indian Power Scenario- At a Glance

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National Grid1950-60s1970-80s2000 onwards

Local

1950s

EVOLUTION OF ELECTRIC GRIDState Grids by SEBs Regional Grids with ATS of Central Generation Shift from Regional self sufficiency concept to National level PlanningInterconnecting Regional Grids with HVDC

1990s Towards National Grid SystemExcept Southern Others linked

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Development of Transmission Voltages Levels132 kV Highest level at the time of IndependenceIintroduction of 220 kV in 1960 400 kV in 1977 HVDC back-to-back link in 1989, 500kV, HVDC bi-pole line in 1990 765 kV transmission line from 2000 onwards.

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Existing Inter Regional LinksPresent IR Capacity= 20,750 MW

6330 MW1720MW3630 MW4220 MW

2990 MW

1250 MW

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SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGIONEASTERN REGION

11,730 MW2,450 MW6500 MW7600 MW

2700 MW3,600 MW

37,150 MW OF INTER-REGIONAL POWER BY 2012

3,000 MW

Formation of GridsPower System started building up in 1960Need arose for regional gridPower System divided in 5 regionsFive regional grids established namelyNorthernEasternNorth-EasternSouthernWesternRegional Electricity Boards (REB) created to co-ordinate regional grids

Hierarchy of Indian Power System

53Explain Hierarchy:While the 80s saw a transition from state to regional grid, while late 90s saw action taken on formation of national grid.

Development of National Grid

National Grid planned in a phased manner

Phase-I: Transfer of Transmission facilities along with related manpower from Central / CentreState Joint Venture Organizations.

Phase-II: Transfer of existing Regional Electricity Boards and Regional Load Dispatch Centres together with associated communication facilities.

Phase-III: Establish Power Pool to facilitate exchange of power between States/Regions leading to formation of National Power Grid/Inter regional capacity

54The first phase was completed by PGCIL in 2002 and the project of National grid is in its infancy in second phase.

Developments in power sector emphasize the need for accelerated implementation of envisioned National Power Grid on priority to enable scheduled/unscheduled exchange of power as well as for providing open access in order to encourage and facilitate competition in power market. Formation of such a national Power Grid has been envisaged in a phased manner.Initially, considering wide variations in electrical parameters in the regional grids, primarily HVDC interconnections were established between the regions. This phase was completed in the year 2002, thereby achieving inter-regional power transfer capacity of 5000 MW.In the next phase, inter-regional connectivity is planned to be strengthened with hybrid system consisting of high capacity UHV & EHV AC (765 kV & 400 kV) and HVDC links. Such a National Grid is envisaged to disperse power not only from Mega sized generation projects but also to enable transfer of bulk power from one part of the country to another in different operational scenarios say, in varying climatic conditions across the country: Summer, Winter, Monsoon etc). Commissioning of links under this phase has already begun with the commissioning of 2000 MW Talcher-II HVDC Bipole, Raipur Rourkela 400kV D/C AC transmission line having Series Compensation and augmentation of Gazuwaka HVDC (500MW) back to back link. The inter-regional transfer capacity has been enhanced to 9,500 MW by the end of FY 04-05. Further strengthening of National Grid is envisaged through high capacity AC EHV lines, 765 kV UHV AC lines/ HVDC lines. This phase is planned to be implemented by 2012 and inter-regional power transfer capacity is planned to be enhanced to 30,000 MW by 2012 depending upon planned growth of generation capacity.

National Grid by 2012

THE POWER HIGHWAY

55Acquiring ROW to construct transmission lines is becoming increasing difficult specially in places like chicken neck area, hilly areas of J&K, HP etc. as these areas are endowed with rich hydro potential this necessitates creation of National transmission highway which will culminate into National Grid.

Issues in Transmission DevelopmentRight-of-Way (ROW)

Coordinated development of cost effective Transmission corridor

Flexibility in upgradation of transfer capacity matching with power transfer requirement

Optimization of investment

Resettlement and Rehabilitation

Non-discriminatory open access

Utilisation of hydro potential in North-eastern Region

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TRANSMISSION COORODOR

One 800kV line on a 64 meter wide right-of-way can carry the same amount of power as g a combined width of 184 m. 400 kV lines on four 48 m wide rights-of-way, havin

64 M 184 M

Multi-conductor Bundle line

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ROW = 85 Mts

ROW = 64 Mts 800 kV Normal Tower 800 kV Compact Tower

140 meter tall towerTHANK YOU BY ANIL KUMAR60

CUMULATIVE GROWTH IN TRANSMISSION SECTOR

Transmission lines UnitAt the end of VIIIth Plan i.e. March 97At the end of IXth Plan i.e. March 02At the end of Xth Plan i.e. March 07Target at the end of XIth Plan i.e. March 12

765 kVckm4099711,7047,132HVDC +/- 500 kVckm3,1383,1385,87211,078400 kVckm36,14249,37875,722125,000230/ 220 kVckm79,60196,993114,629150,000119,290150,480197,927293,210

Chart4101010

National Grid1533Regional Grids1State Utilities111

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National Grid1533Regional Grid1State Utilities111

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Chart2950011500180004000065000100000150000

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Sheet1Present950020061150020071800020124000020176500020221000002027150000

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