boundary layer component (racci -sg3). estratégia de coleta de dados 4 sítios experimentais de rs...
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Boundary layer component (RACCI -SG3)
Estratégia de coleta de dados
• 4 sítios experimentais de RS (Abracos, Rebio Jaru, Porto Velho e Guajará-Mirim)
• Sondagens as 00, 06, 12 e 18 GMT e especiais (09,15,18 e 21 GMT)
• Fase I: de 15 a 30/9 de 2002• Fase de transição: de 1 a 15/10/2002• Fase II: de 15 a 30/10/2002
Estatísticas de RS
• Abracos: 214 sondagens
• Rebio Jaru: 125
• Porto Velho: 110
• Guajará-Mirim:143
Sondagens HSB (GM): 36 sondagens
Balão cativo
• içamento noturnos (das 17 as 09 horas) a partir do dia 17/10, içamentos em horários variados (dependendo das condições meteorológicas)
Setembro 2002
Outubro 2002
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
407/9
14/9
21/9
28/9
5/1
0
12/1
0
19/1
0
26/1
2/1
1
Período
Pre
cip
itaç
ãoSérie temporal da precipitação
ABRACOS
Fluxos de Calor sensível – períodos I e II
-100-50
050
100150200250300350
1 16 31 46 61 76 91 106
121
136
151
166
181
196
211
226
241
256
271
286
H (
W/m
2)
-100
-50
0
50
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250
1 20
39
58
77
96
115
13
4
15
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17
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1
21
0
22
9
24
8
26
7
28
6
30
5
32
4
34
3
36
2
H (
W/m
2)
Série temporal das alturas h e hq
• A camada limite convectiva caracteriza-se por possuir suas propriedades bem misturadas (em termos de e de q), sendo a altura determinada pelos critérios:
• / z < 2 K/km
• q / z < 2 g/kg/km
Dia h (m) hq (m) (K) q (g/kg) FASE SÊCA 20/9 2250 2250 308,5 11,0 21/9 1350 1500 306,8 12,0 22/9 1200 1250 305,3 14,0 23/9 1650 1300 307,5 13,8 24/9 1250 1250 305,3 12,8 25/9 1900 1900 307,0 11,2 26/9 1500 1500 307,2 12,0 27/9 1500 1500 306,8 13,0 29/9 1600 1600 306,8 13,4 MÉDIA 1561 1561 306,8 12,6 FASE CHUVOSA 23/10 1400 1400 307,2 13,0 24/10 1200 1200 305,3 12,8 25/10 1000 1100 304,5 13,9 26/10 1250 1200 307,7 13,0 27/20 1800 1700 308,5 13,5 28/10 1700 1700 308,8 11,8 29/10 1500 1300 306,5 12,5 MÉDIA 1410 1370 306,9 12,9
• Precipitação -Ariquemes
Chuva Convectiva – ABRACOS
Perfis de temperatura e umidade
296 298 300 302 304 306 308 310 312 314 316 318 320 322tem peratura potencia l (K )
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
altit
ude
(m)
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
um idade específica (g/kg)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
altit
ude
(m)
Preto- 14 UTC, azul – 17 UTC e vermelho-21 UTC (19/10/2002)
Influência da chuva (27/9/2002) – pastagem
298.00300.00302.00304.00306.00308.00310.00312.00314.00316.00318.00320.00322.00
200.00400.00600.00800.00
1000.001200.001400.001600.001800.002000.002200.002400.002600.002800.003000.003200.003400.003600.003800.004000.004200.004400.004600.004800.005000.005200.00
Influência da chuva 28/09/2002
290.00 300.00 310.00 320.00 330.00
200.00400.00600.00800.00
1000.001200.001400.001600.001800.002000.002200.002400.002600.002800.003000.003200.003400.003600.003800.004000.004200.004400.004600.004800.005000.00
Elementos climáticos
-400,00
-200,00
0,00
200,00
400,00
600,00
800,00
1000,00
1 6 11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
tempo
flu
xo
(W
/m2)
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
Cooling and moistening due to a strong rainfall event (28/09/2002)
0
200
400
600
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1200
1400
1600
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2000
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2
theta (K)
hei
gh
t (m
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
-4 -2 0 2 4 6
specific humidity (g/kg)h
eig
ht
(m)
NBL (23/09/20002)
0
200
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1000
1200
1400
1600
300 301 302 303 304 305 306
theta (K)
hei
gh
t (m
)
0
200
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1200
1400
1600
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
windspeed (m/s)h
eig
ht
(m)
NBL (6 GMT 24/09/2002)
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
windspeed (m/s)h
eig
ht
(m)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
298 300 302 304 306 308 310 312 314
Perfis de temperatura e umidade (23 e 24/09)
0 4 8 12velocidade do vento (m /s)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
altu
ra (
m)
290 300 310 320 330
tem peratura potencia l (K )
0
500
1000
1500
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3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
altu
ra (
m)
Sodar - ABRACOS
Imagem satélite (24/09/2002)
Seria convecção local??
0 1 2 3 4 5velocidade do vento (m /s)
0
500
1000
1500
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3500
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4500
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5500
altit
ude
(m)
PV (vermelho) e GM (azul) sondagem das 06/09/2002 as 600 UTC
RS em PV e GM
Height CBL = 2000 m (18/09/2002)
0
500
1000
1500
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4500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
specific humidity (g/kg)h
eig
ht
(m)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
306 308 310 312 314 316 318 320 322
theta (K)
hei
gh
t (m
)
Height CBL = 2300 m 20/09/2002
0
500
1000
1500
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2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
specific humidity (g/kg)h
eig
ht
(m)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
308 310 312 314 316 318
theta (K)
hei
gh
t (m
)
.
Série temporal da altura CLC -seco (19-22/09/02)
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00
200.00400.00600.00800.00
1000.001200.001400.001600.001800.002000.002200.002400.002600.002800.003000.003200.003400.003600.003800.004000.004200.004400.004600.004800.005000.005200.00
Série temporal de aerossóis – abracos
Black Carbon e aerosols PM2.5 SMOCC Fazenda Nossa Senhora
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
13-set 14-set 15-set 16-set 17-set 18-set 19-set 20-set 21-set 22-set 23-set 24-set 25-set
Date and Time
BC
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
ng
/m³)
0
50
100
150
200
250
PM
2.5
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
ug
/m³)
Formação de Recursos Humanos (1/4)
• Mestrado (Luiz André dos Santos – INPE) que está analisando as diferentes características termodinâmicas observadas na pastagem (período muito seco, chuvas durante a tarde e início de noite, formação de camadas rasas de CLC após ocorrência de chuvas, etc) (bolsista CAPES)
Formação de Recursos Humanos (2/4)
• Iniciação Científica (Eric L. Barroso – ITA). Eric está determinando as alturas da CLC em todos os experimentos já realizados (ABRACOS/RBLE, LBA/TRMM, LBA/RACCI) e classificando as alturas em diferentes condições (seco, chuvoso, pertubado, não-pertubado). Bolsista CNPq-IMilenio). Cooperação Íria Vendrame-ITA
Formação de Recursos Humanos (3/4)
• Iniciação Científica (Paulo Cezar Hanoka – ITA). Hanaoka está determinando a distribuição de chuvas em Rondonia (rede de pluviometros) durante LBA/TRMM e do LBA/RACCI. Bolsista CNPq-Imilenio. Cooperação Profa. Iria Vendrame-ITA
Formação de Recursos Humanos (4/4)
• Doutorado (Rosa do Nascimento Santos - INPE). Rosa está analisando a estrutura da Camada Limite Noturna em Rondônia (LBA/TRMM) através de análises observacionais e de modelagem. Doutorado Sandwich (Universidade Free Amesterda – Prof. Dolman). Bolsista CAPES
"Nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) measurements in Rondonia"
• Experimental AreaExperimental Area
SITES
Rolim de Moura (RM) – pasture siteRebio Jaru (Forest)
Faz. N. Sra (FNS) – pasture site
PERIOD
FEB/1999Wet Season
Mean values of NBL depth – hi, potential temperature on the nocturnal inversion basis –(i), layer specific humidity – q, NBL strength –
i.) LBA – Fazenda N. S.a (pasture)
Local time hi (i) q (g.kg-1) S
19 210 302.3 17.62 3.0
21 207 300.4 17.68 2.6
22 264 301.7 17.47 3.5
01 227 301.0 17.70 3.0
04 235 300.8 17.77 3.5
07 156 299.9 17.94 0.6
ii.) LBA – Rebio Jaru (forest)
Local time hi (i) q (g.kg-1) S
17 90 301.1 15.40 1.1
18 152 301.5 15.39 2.8
19 161 300.1 15.48 2.5
20 248 300.6 15.02 3.8
21 251 299.8 15.06 3.6
22 282 300.1 15.03 4.4
05 238 298.4 14.00 3.4
06 278 298.8 13.94 4.0
07 170 296.8 14.03 1.7
iii.) LBA - Rolim de Moura
Local time hi (i) q (g.kg-1) S
17 160 303.3 10.97 3.0
18 215 302.4 11.72 2.5
19 197 301.9 12.01 2.5
20 210 301.4 11.80 3.1
21 237 301.5 11.42 3.4
22 207 301.0 11.55 3.8
05 253 299.9 11.24 4.0
06 296 300.6 11.26 4.8
07 215 298.7 11.59 2.4
Δθ
• Transition times and NBL break downTransition times and NBL break down
• Large differences between the total heat flux released by surface (forest, RM and FNS) and biomass (forest), and the heating integrated from the potential temperature in the 3 sites - No balance
Sensilble H (Forest, FNS and RM), biomass heatflux, B (Forest), total heat integrated for the NBL break up period and; boundary layer heating, .
Forest
Date Local Time H (W.m-2) B (W.m-2) Total heat flux (m.K) (m.K)
12/02 06:55 - 07:56 54.72 -25.38 88.3 99.0
15/02 07:00 - 08:06 -6.2 24.05 58.0 7.0
Rolim de Moura
Date Local Time H (W.m-2) Total heat flux (m.K) (m.K)
09/02 06:46 - 07:56 18.7 64.7 32.0
10/02 05:48 - 08:00 12.5 81.7 40.0
14/02 06:49 - 08:17 3.3 10.6 44.0
Fazenda N. S.a
Date Local Time H (W.m-2) Total heat flux (m.K) (m.K)
14/02 07 - 10 52.7 467.8 20.0
24/02 07 - 08 35.0 103.6 4.0
25/02 05 - 08 16.0 141.9 36.0
• In general, was lower than Total heat flux (m.K) measured by eddy correlation system. Smallest differences in the Forest and highest ones in FNS
• Low-level atmospheric jets (Boundary Layer Jets), Low-level atmospheric jets (Boundary Layer Jets), or Nocturnal Jets - NJor Nocturnal Jets - NJ
• DEFINITION: A jet stream occurring in a height below of 1-2 km from the surface, also known as Nocturnal Jet (NJ) because is a common phenomenon under the nighttime stable conditions taking part of the NBL structure and dynamic
• FEATURES:
-Wind speed profile showed a local maximum with minimum velocity value of 7 m.s-1 and that was at least 1.5 m.s-1 higher then the speeds both above and below it. - Jet Core occurrence below of the firsts 1000 m
• STATISTICS:
- 326 radiosonde wind profiles
- 50 profiles showed a NJ configuration
- Most of cases isolated events observed during one single sounding
CASES
RM 11Forest 16FNS 23
- Jet core below 600 m - ~ 58% of cases
- 86% presented wind speed below 10 m.s-1
- Jet Core prevailing direction - Southerly
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 - 200 200 - 400 400 - 600 600 - 800 800 - 1000
Height of the Jet Core, zj (m)
Co
un
tsForest
RM
Fazenda
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
< 10 > 10
Jet Core wind speed, Vj (m.s-1)
Co
un
ts
Forest
RM
Fazenda
Nocturnal jet statistic as observed in Rondônia, during the wet season: i) height of the Jet Core (zj); ii) wind speed at the Jet Core (Vj)
Comparação RASS x RS
Produção Científica
• Apresentação de um poster no Int. Conference on Earth System Modelling (Hamburgo Sept 15-19, 2003)
• Apresentação de um poster no XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Agrometeorologia (Santa Maria Ago 3-7,2003)
Observational aspects of the convective boundary layer at pasture site in Amazonia during LBA/RACCI 2002
G. Fisch, L.A.T. Machado, M.A.F. Silva Dias, R. F. Lyra and A.J.Dolman
Centro Técnico [email protected]
PREVAILING WIND
PASTURE
FOREST
The experimental site was a deforested area (pasture) in the Ji-Paraná Rondônia State, southwest of Amazônia. The experiment was held during Sept 15-30 (dry period) and Oct 15-30, 2002 (wet period) and it consists of rawinsoundings launched at 8, 11, 14 and 17 Local Time (LT). The soundings were made with a Vaisala device (RS80-15G) that measures the profiles of air temperature, pressure, relative humidity and winds (using GPS techniques) up to 20 km (Figure 1 – map, sonde RS80 and pasture scenarious).
This study was supported by Brazilian Agencies (CNPq, CAPES and FAPESP)
The Amazon region is an important source of heat and water vapour for the atmosphere and plays a significant role in the general circulation of the atmosphere. In the last decades, this region is receiving attention from the world scientific community as it has a key impact on the energy and CO2 budget of the planet. This region is suffering a high rate of deforestation and tropical forest has been replaced by pasture and agricultural crops. The latest figures from INPE estimated that approximately 13% of the pristine forest had been converted, mainly in Para and Rondonia State. The RACCI 2002 (Radiation, cloud and climate interactions in the Amazon during the DRY-TO-WET transition season) part of the LBA Project (http://www.lba.cptec.br) investigates the role of the aerosols in triggering the moist convection and also influencing the onset of the rainny season. The aim of this paper is to study the growth of the convective boundary layer over a pasture site in Amazonia during the LBA/RACCI experiment 2002.
1. Introduction
2. Data and site
3. Results
Day h hq q (m) (m) (K) (g/kg)
20/9 2250 2250 308.5 11.0 21/9 1350 1500 306.8 12.0 22/9 1200 1250 305.3 14.0 23/9 1650 1300 307.5 13.8 24/9 1250 1250 305.3 12.8 25/9 1900 1900 307.0 11.2 26/9 1500 1500 307.2 12.0 27/9 1500 1500 306.8 13.0 29/9 1600 1600 306.8 13.4 AVG 1561 1561 306.8 12.6 23/10 1400 1400 307.2 13.0 24/10 1200 1200 305.3 12.8 25/10 1000 1100 304.5 13.9 26/10 1250 1200 307.7 13.0 27/20 1800 1700 308.5 13.5 28/10 1700 1700 308.8 11.8 29/10 1500 1300 306.5 12.5 AVG 1410 1370 306.9 12.9
Table I: Height and thermodynamic characteristics (potential temperature - and specific humidity - q) during the dry (20-29 Sept) and wet (23-29,Oct,2003) periods.
296 298 300 302 304 306 308 310 312 314 316 318 320 322tem pera tura potencia l (K )
0
500
1000
1500
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3500
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4500
5000
altitud
e (m
)
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18um idade específica (g /kg)
0
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altitud
e (m
)
Figure 2: Potential Temperature (left) and Specific Humidity (right) for 11 LT (black), 14 LT (blue) and 17 LT (red) on Sept 28,2002. The radar scope is in the right
3.2 The structure of the CBL and its modification by the rain
At the end of the dry season there was some strong showers like Sept 28, 2002 (38 mm in 3 hours). Before the rain (11 LT) the CBL is very active and well mixed and the height was 1200 m. This structure was totally destroyed by the rain which happens before 14 LT sounding, producing the cooling of the atmosphere and a stable layer. After the rain the solar radiation heats the surface but the thermal inversion was not eroded anymore (Figure 2).
0 4 8 12velocidade do vento (m /s)
0
1000
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4000
5000
altura
(m)
290 300 310 320 330tem peratura potencia l (K )
0
500
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4500
5000
altura
(m)
3.3 The Low level Jet event
During the night of Sept 24, 2002 a low level jet event has occured with strong winds (around 11 m/s at 500 m). This LLJ was probably due to the coupling between an ocluded frontal system in the SE Brazil and the organized convection in Amazonia. This LLJ provokes a strong vertical mechanical mixing that produces an unexpected shallow mixed layer (height of 400 m). The role of this ML in transfering trace gases throughout the residual layer is being under investigation (Figure 3).
Figure 3: The potential temperature (left) and windspeed (right) for Sept 23 (blue) and Sept 24 (red). Sodar data at the top
TEOM PM10 SMOCC 2002 Pasture Site FNS
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
01/se
t
06/se
t
11/se
t
16/se
t
21/se
t
26/se
t
01/o
ut
06/o
ut
11/o
ut
16/o
ut
21/o
ut
26/o
ut
31/o
ut
05/n
ov
10/n
ov
15/n
ov
Date and GMT Time
PM
10 C
on
cen
trat
ion
[u
g/m
³]
Trabalhos futuros• Avaliação das características da CL em condições “sujas”
e “razoavelmente limpas” nos sítios de floresta e pastagem
• Características termodinâmicas e dinâmicas da CL para iniciar convecção e chuva na pastagem
• Modificações da estruturas da CL em condições de chuva na pastagem
• Evolução das CLs convectiva e estável nos sítios de floresta e pastagem durante o LBA dry-to-wet
• Estudos de casos da estrutura da CL noturna na pastagem• Ocorrência de jatos de baixos níveis e sua implicação na
estrutura da CL noturna