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Fifth annual international conference on European integrationEUROPE AFTER THE LISBON TREATY

Skopje, 20 May 2010

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BOOK OF ABSTRACTSEdited by: Dr. Ivan DodovskiProof-reading: Adam Reed

University American College SkopjeTreta makedonska brigade bb, 1000 Skopje, Macedoniawww.uacs.edu.mk/conference

Fifth annual international conference on European integrationEUROPE AFTER THE LISBON TREATYSkopje, 20 May 2010

Organising CommitteeDr. Clarisse Molad, e-mail: [email protected]. Stevo Pendarovski, e-mail: [email protected]. Ivan Dodovski, e-mail: [email protected]

Conference SecretariatDr. Ilijana Petrovska, e-mail: [email protected] Keener, e-mail: [email protected] Elena Makrevska, e-mail: [email protected] Kilsarovska, email: [email protected]

Partner institution:Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, office Macedoniawww.fes.org.mk

Dr. Heinz Bongartz, Resident representative of the FES MacedoniaNena Trajkovska, Project co-coordinator, e-mail: [email protected]

Media partners: Sponsors:

http://www.uacs.edu.mk/conference�

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Europe after the Lisbon Treaty Fifth annual international conference on European integration

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Welcome to the fifth annual international conference on European Integration

EUROPE AFTER THE LISBON TREATY Skopje, May 20th, 2010

We are pleased to be able to host this international conference about post-Lisbon Europe at a time when the European Union is undertaking a series of important policy reforms. Building upon the experiences of our academic conferences in the past four years, we hope that this gathering will present an excellent opportunity for intensified dialog on the common European future. We expect prominent domestic and international researchers to make use of this forum, offering an insightful and valuable exchange of ideas on one of the most important issues on the international agenda. Participants will address, among others, the following topics:

• What real benefits can be expected from the Lisbon Treaty in streamlining common European efforts in key areas – economy, energy stability, human rights, and the well-being of the people?

• Will Europe assume a bigger role in the world, or will world affairs be decided largely within an emerging axis of power – with G2, Washington, and Beijing occupying the central spots?

• What are the possibilities for a post-Lisbon EU in forging more efficient common responses to financial and economic recessions of the scale we have seen recently?

• Does the Lisbon Treaty have the potential to consolidate political will in supporting the enlargement process and to avoid enlargement fatigue?

• Business environment in Europe after the Lisbon Treaty and economic nationalism as an entrenched long-standing doctrine.

Join us for this conference in Skopje on May 20th, 2010. Academic debates have always made important contributions to shaping our responses to common challenges. While sharing the responsibility for contemporary affairs, we all should have a stake in our future, as well!

Sincerely Yours,

Dr. Biro Gaspar

UACS Rector


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CONFERENCE PROGRAM

9:30-10:00 Registration

10:00-12:00 Opening ceremony Opening addresses: Mr. Nikola Todorov, Minister for Education and Science in the Government of the Republic of Macedonia

Mr. José Manuel Paz Agüeras, Spanish Ambassador to the Republic of Macedonia

Dr. Biro Gaspar, Rector of the University American College Skopje

Dr. Heinz Bongartz, Resident representative of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in the Republic of Macedonia

Official key speakers:

Prof. Dr. Franz Lothar Altmann, Professor at the Central European University, Budapest

Prof. Vladimir Gligorov, Senior Economist at the Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies Master of Ceremony: Dr. Stevo Pendarovski, University American College Skopje

12:00-13:00 Lunch

13:00-17:30 Parallel working sessions

17:30-18:00 Closing plenary session Academic Track I: Law, International Relations, Diplomacy This session gathers experts on diplomacy, international relations and law who will present papers on the politics surrounding the Lisbon Treaty, EU enlargement, foreign policy, pros and cons of the Lisbon Treaty, democracy, the Treaty’s legal framework and other relevant issues. Academic Track II: Economy, Energy, Environment, Social Sciences Scholars and professionals on economics, finance, energy, environment, marketing, communication, ICT, and identity and culture will explore related issues such as: economic development, trade policy, recession, enlargement implications to the environment, and new energy policy and energy cooperation, EU identity, human rights, global marketing, EU social policy and education and communication strategies after the Lisbon Treaty.


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Program of the working sessions: Academic Track I: Law, International Relation and Diplomacy Moderator: Dr. Stevo Pendarovski Opening remarks: Prof. Dr Zlat Milovanovic and Dr. Heinz Bongartz (FES) Rapporteur: Igor Jovanoski Dr. Mark Gillis (Bosnia and Herzegovina): Constitutional Review of EU Treaties: Democracy Fig Leaf or Genuine Protection of National Sovereignty Dr. Selcen Oner (Turkey): The Influence of Lisbon Treaty on EU as a Global Actor Dr. John Calvin Jones (Bosnia and Herzegovina): Debt Peonage, Franken-food, and Tyranny: an Optimist’s Guide to Lisbon Dr. Stevo Pendarovski (Macedonia): Isolation and Multi-Vector Foreign Policy in Contemporary Europe Dr. Irfan Kaya Ulger (Turkey): Nothing New in the West Side: Foreign, Security and Defence Policy in the Lisbon Treaty Dr. Sergiu Gherghina and George Jiglau, MA (Netherlands/Romania): Building on the Lisbon Treaty: the Creation of a European Electoral System Dane Taleski, PhD candidate (Macedonia): The European Union Foreign Policy after the Lisbon Treaty: Transformation and Integration of the Western Balkans Igor Jovanoski, PhD candidate (Macedonia): The Lisbon Treaty and the Future of EU Common Foreign and Security Policy. (Post) National Sovereignty Revisited Malinka Jordanova, PhD candidate (Macedonia): Lisbon Treaty: Potential Normative Impact on the Stabilization and Association Process Kemale Valiyela, PhD student (Azerbaijan): Understanding the EU as a Global Political Actor: Potentials and Difficulties Aleksandar Dastevski, MBA student (Macedonia): EU Enlargement as a Precondition for European Stability Jovan Despotovski, MBA student (Macedonia): The Future of EU Enlargement Ivana Tomovska, MA (Macedonia): The Trans-Atlantic Link Revisited: Prospects of EU- US Cooperation


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Academic Track II: Economy, Energy, Environment, Social Sciences Moderator: Dr. Ivan Dodovski Opening remarks: Prof. Dr. Tome Nenovski and Mr. Aleksandar Krzhalovski (MCMS) Rapporteur: Dr. Miograda Stefanovska Dr. Alexander Gusev (Russia): EU Energy Policy after the Ratification of Lisbon Treaty Dr. Zoran Sapurik (Macedonia): Lisbon Treaty and the Environment Dr. Jovan Pejkovski (Macedonia): The Potentials of the Post Lisbon EU in Forming Efficient Responses to Financial and Economic Recession Dr. Nikica Mojsoska-Blazevski and Marjan Petreski, MSc (Macedonia): How Sensitive is Macedonian Export Performance on the EU Business Cycle? Dr. Miograda Stefanovska (Macedonia): The Lisbon Treaty and the EU External Trade Policy Dr. Stojan Slaveski (Macedonia): EU and MK: from External Engagement to Conflict Resolution to Contribution of the Multiethnic and Multicultural European Code of Conduct? Dr. Abdula Azizi (Macedonia): EU Social Policy According to Lisbon Treaty Dr. Marjan Bojadziev, Dr. Nikica Mojsoska-Blazevski , Dr. Miograda Stefanovska, Venera Krliu, MBA, Jasminka Janakievska, Valon Saracini (Macedonia): The Workplace as a Motivator: a Comparative Study of Employees in Business and Public Administration in Macedonia and Neighboring Countries Dr. Ilijana Petrovska and Ljupka Naumovska (Macedonia): Global Marketing Communication Strategies after Lisbon Treaty Dr. Kseanela Sotirofki (Albania): The Future European Universities: A Common Reshaping Thought Suzana Panova, PhD candidate (Macedonia): Building the EU Identity: a Brand Management Approach Marija Risteska, PhD candidate (Macedonia): The EU Conditionality after the Lisbon Treaty- Effects on Macedonia Svetlana Petrusevska and Tatjana Petrusevska, MBA (Macedonia): Health as a Fundamental Human Right in the EU Implications of the Lisbon Treaty


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Academic Track I: Law, International Relation and Diplomacy Moderator: Dr. Stevo Pendarovski Rapporteur: Igor Jovanoski Opening remarks: Prof. Dr Zlat Milovanovic and Dr. Heinz Bongartz (FES) Biography Dr. Milovanovic has taught at Boston University, Temple University in Pennsylvania, and Glassborough State college in New Jersey. He is a visiting professor at NYC in Athens and Skopje and has published numerous papers on international law in the US and Europe. At UACS, he is not only a Vice-Chancellor, but he also teaches in the school of Political Sciences. Heinz Bongartz holds a doctorate from the Sociology of Development from the University of Bielefeld, Germany. He has done extensive research on South and Southeast Asia. He has worked as a development expert and as representative of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in Asia and in Latin America. Since October of 2009, he has represented the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in Macedonia.


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Dr. Mark Gillis American University, Bosnia and Herzegovina [email protected] Constitutional Review of EU Treaties: Democratic Fig Leaf or Genuine Protection of National Sovereignty In this paper, I will explore the issue of national constitutional limitations upon the transfer of competences/sovereign powers to the EU, with particular focus upon the doctrines developed by the Czech Constitutional Court since the Czech Republic's accession to the EU in 2004, and especially in its two decisions on the Lisbon Treaty. As is the case with the highest judicial instance in many EU Member States, the Czech Constitutional Court has developed doctrines that approve the transfer of sovereign powers to the EU, while purporting to delimit the outer boundaries of the constitutionally acceptable transfer. The two parts of the doctrine focus on ensuring that the essence of sovereignty (also related to the issue of the maintenance of representative democracy at the Member State level) is preserved, and on ensuring that the substantive law-based state is respected. It is my contention that the doctrine on the essence of sovereignty is a constitutional fig-leaf in that it has no discernible content, and the Constitutional Court has no intention of blocking a democratic decision to transfer competences to the EU. On the other hand, I will argue that the Constitutional Court's major focus has been on ensuring the substantive law-based state by rhetorically strengthening its asserted power to police specific EU legal acts for their compatibility with the essence of the democratic law-based state, a concept whose contours have been taking more distinct shape in recent years and which the Constitutional Court can more effectively employ to ensure that the EU does not overstep its bounds. Biography Dr Mark Gillis is currently an Assistant Professor of Law at the American University of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and he has previously served as an advisor to the Czech Constitutional Court on issues, among others, of European Union law. He prepared a report commissioned by the Court on the constitutional issues raised by the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty, particularly those related to the case then before the Court contesting the Lisbon Treaty's compatibility with the Czech Constitution.



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Dr. Selcen Oner Bahçeşehir University, Turkey [email protected] The Influence of the Lisbon Treaty on the EU as a Global Actor The position of the European Union (EU) as a global actor depends on the EU’s presence and effectiveness as an actor in the world. In economic terms, the EU has already become an influential actor. However, to be an influential global actor, the EU needs to also be strong in the fields of security and defense. This paper explores the influence of the Lisbon Treaty on the EU’s position in the world as a global actor. The main goals of the Lisbon Treaty were to increase the efficiency of the decision-making mechanisms after the last enlargements in Central and Eastern Europe and to face new global challenges, such as the fight against terrorism, climate change, and energy security. In order to be a global actor, the EU should find its own solutions to such global problems. The Lisbon Treaty introduced new positions such as the President of the Council and the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. The success of those appointed to these positions, the relationships between them, and their interaction with the President of the Commission and the leader of the member state who holds the Presidency will influence the position of the EU as a global actor. The introduction of the Lisbon Treaty opened the way towards further enlargements regarding Croatia, Turkey, Macedonia, and the Western Balkans. In particular, the membership of Turkey will positively affect the position of the EU as a global actor in terms of energy politics and anti-terrorism, which are mentioned as the EU's goals in the Lisbon Treaty. Biography Dr. Selcen Öner is currently an Assistant Professor at Bahçeşehir University in Istanbul in the Department of EU Relations. She finished her PhD at Marmara University in the Department of EU Politics and International Relations. Her PhD thesis was on the Construction of European Identity within the EU. Her main research interests are European identity, Turkey-EU relations, EU politics, Turkish foreign policy, Europeanization, and the role of civil society in Turkey-EU relations. Her most recent publication is An Analysis of European Identity within the Framework of the EU: The Case of Turkey’s Membership.



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Dr. John Calvin Jones American University, Bosnia-Herzegovina [email protected] Debt Peonage, Corporate Capitalism, Codex Alimentarius, and Tyranny: an Optimist’s Guide to Lisbon This paper examines the EU governing structure and its practices – as enhanced by the Lisbon round of treaty negotiations – at three levels. They are finance; codex alimentarius; and principles of democratic governance and individual liberty. In my estimation, when seen through the eyes of recent history, Euro-skeptics, and democratic-libertarian politics, the EU is not primarily a set of tools and structures to provide the four freedoms. Rather, the EU serves corporate power while its agents, like bureaucrats the world round, largely serve themselves at the same time they seek to curb freedom of the masses. Key words: Codex Alimentarius, Codex Alimentarius Commission, Credit Default Swaps, ECOFIN, European Arrest Warrant (EAW), European Economic Area, EUROJUST, European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) EUROPOL, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), Goldman-Sachs, WTO Biography Dr. Jones, the first acting dean of the newly opened College of International Law and Diplomacy at the American University in Bosnia-Herzegovina, holds both a PhD in political science (2003) and a Juris Doctor (2001), both earned at the University of Iowa. He has taught at the University level since 2001 in a variety of fields from politics to law. His research interests focus on questions of liberty, critical theory, social policy, and applied econometrics. An American citizen, Dr. Jones has traveled throughout Europe, Central America, and the Western Pacific, yet he has elected to make his home in Bosnia-Herzegovina.



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Dr. Stevo Pendarovski University American College Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] Isolation and Multi-Vector Foreign Policy in Post-Lisbon Europe: the Self-Imposed Dilemma of a Small Nation For the countries on the continent, the EU constitutes the most important foreign policy context. The non-military character of the organization, which uses political and economic stability as its soft power, is highly attractive for the smaller entities. Through institutional integration they are able to avoid marginalization in international affairs, while at the same time preserving their national identities. Once a member, small countries are able to exert influence beyond their borders more easily than by staying out and performing individually. There is no debate that the foreign policy of the Republic of Macedonia should be to strive for full-fledged membership in the EU in order to compensate for its substantial "traditional deficit" of power. However, in the last two years, some characteristics of the foreign policy of the country have deviated from the traditional patterns of the so-called double integration agenda (EU, NATO). The ultimate aim of this paper is to expose structural weaknesses of the multi-vector foreign policy when applied by countries with the size and capacity of the Republic of Macedonia. Keywords: isolation, multi-vector foreign policy, integration, small states, Europe. Biography Stevo Pendarovski is an Assistant Professor in International Security, Foreign Policy, and Globalization at the Faculty of Political Sciences at UACS. In the 1990s he was an Assistant-Minister for Public Relations and Head of the Analytical and Research Department in the Ministry of Interior Affairs. In the last decade, he has served as National Security and Chief Foreign Policy Advisor to two Presidents of the Republic of Macedonia. In 2004/5, he was the Head of the State Election Commission. His teaching and research areas include international relations, intelligence and national security, geopolitics, globalization, US foreign policy, EU foreign and security policy, and small states in international affairs.



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Dr. Irfan Kaya Ulger Kocaeli University, Turkey [email protected] Nothing New in the West Side: Foreign, Security and Defense Policy in the Lisbon Treaty The aim of this research is to investigate the provision of the Lisbon Treaty concerning the issue of Foreign, Security, and Defense Policy. As generally known, the Lisbon Treaty was signed in Lisbon on December 13th, 2007 and came into force during the last days of 2009. The Treaty includes a set of revisions to the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the European Security and Defense Policy. The changes to the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) / European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) provisions of the Treaty of the European Union in the Lisbon Treaty can be broken down into two main categories: those that amend the CFSP/ESDP within the structure of the EU’s policy universe and those amendments that have consequences for the decision-making and implementation of the CFSP/ESDP. In the Lisbon Treaty, unanimity remains the norm in the decision-making process. The European Council does still retain the authority to take formal “decisions” to “identify the strategic interests and objectives of the Union”. The change to the implementation is that the High Representative is now given a much more prominent role. Common Strategies have been removed from the Treaty, while Joint Actions and Common Positions have been reworked. When considering all of the revision and changes, it is not an exaggeration to say that the Lisbon Treaty revamps, rather than revolutionary changes, the existing arrangements for the CFSP/ESDP. Key Words: CFSP, Lisbon Treaty, ESDP, High Representative, European Security Biography Dr. Irfan Kaya Ulger is the head of the European Union Policies Department at the Kocaeli University. He was born in Sivas, Turkey and graduated from the Faculty of Political Sciences, Ankara University. He finished his postgraduate studies at the same University. The title of his master's thesis was The Break up of Yugoslavia. He served as a political analyst and EU expert in the Ministry of National Defense and Izmir Chamber of Commerce respectively. Since 2004, he has been a lecturer and Associate Professor at the Kocaeli University. His key areas of expertise are the European Union, Minorities in International Politics, and Turkish Foreign Policy.



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Dr. Sergiu Gherghina University of Leiden, Netherlands George Jiglau, MA Babes-Bolyai University, Romania [email protected] Building on the Lisbon Treaty: the Creation of a European Electoral System Introduced in 1979 as a tool to reduce the distance between the EU's institutions and its citizens, direct elections for the European Parliament (EP) did not fulfill this initial goal. Thus, during the last three decades the powers of the EP increased, and the interest and involvement of citizens in elections decreased. The general explanation for citizens’ lack of enthusiasm is the status of the European elections as second-order national elections. The situation cannot change unless real European elections are set. In this respect, our article reveals the numerous problems with the current setting and makes several proposals for electoral reform in order to diminish them. Unlike existing proposals (Hix and Hagemann 2009), ours accommodate transnational issues, tackle the relationship between European and national parties, allow informed choices by the electorate, and are comprehensible for both decision-makers and voters. Our article contributes to existing theoretical and empirical debates on the EP electoral system and provides a valid alternative for political parties and European officials. Key-words: reform, electoral system, European Parliament, citizens. Biography Sergiu Gherghina is a PhD researcher at the Department of Political Science, University of Leiden. He holds an MA in Comparative Politics from the Department of Political Science at Central European University Budapest and an MPhil in Institutional Analysis from the Department of Political Science, University of Leiden. His major fields of interest are political parties (party organizations) in new democracies, Europeanization, legislative behavior, and democratization. He has edited two international books on identity and migration in the EU and four national volumes on the EU institutions and policies, and their impact on pre- and post-accession Romania. George Jiglau is a researcher with the Center for Political Analysis at the Babes-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca. He holds an MA in Political Science from the Central European University in Budapest and an MA in Media and Minority Studies from the Babes-Bolyai University. His fields of interest are political parties, interethnic relations, Europeanization, and electoral systems. He has authored and co-authored two books on interethnic relations and Europeanization and co-edited three volumes on EU institutions and policies.



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Dane Taleski, PhD candidate Central European University, Hungary [email protected] European Union Foreign Policy after the Lisbon Treaty: Transformation and Integration of the Western Balkans With the enactment of the Lisbon treaty, the EU’s foreign policy is expected to be more coherent and more value-based. In a way, the EU should shift, or more precisely upgrade, from a civilian power that uses material incentives to achieve its goals to a normative power that uses ideational transformation in achieving its goals. The Western Balkans was and probably will remain one of the key regions for the EU’s foreign policy. This is due to the EU's security concerns, but also due to the clear EU perspective of this region. The engagement of the EU in the Balkans has produced stability and democratic transformation. The EU has provided material incentives for reforms, increased free trade, and induced regional cooperation. Such an engagement is best understood under the concept of a civilian power-based EU. It was also the first cycle of transformation for the countries in the Western Balkans. However, it seems that it is not sufficient to reach the final goal of the EU's foreign policy: transformation and the integration of the Western Balkans in the EU. Focusing on the achievements of individual countries, the EU has overlooked the interactions between them. Now, bilateral problems derived from past legacies block the EU integration of the region. In order to overcome this situation in the Balkans, the EU should change its approach to a normative power EU and start a second cycle of transformation based on norms and values. Key words: European Union, Western Balkans, EU integration, civilian power EU, normative power EU Biography Dane Taleski studied political science in Skopje and Bonn and is pursuing a PhD in political science at the Central European University in Budapest. He has worked for the Political Science Department of the University in Skopje, for the University in Duisburg-Essen, and for various Macedonian and international think-tanks. He is an executive board member of the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia and an alumnus of the Bertelsmann Transformation Thinkers and the DCAF Young Faces Network. His work on EU integration and democratization in the Western Balkans has been published in English, German, Macedonian, and Serbian/Croatian/Bosnian.



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Igor Jovanoski, PhD candidate University American College Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] The Lisbon Treaty and the Future of the European Union Common Foreign and Security Policy. (Post) National Sovereignty Revisited?

Striking a balance between the political authority of the member states and the competences of an enlarged ‘post-national’ European Union (EU) the treaty of Lisbon (ToL) has emphasized both. On the one hand, it introduces a number of flexible institutional mechanisms for more effectively integrated internal and external policies. On the other hand, as its conclusion states, it represents a manifestation of EU members’ sovereign will, freely expressed, and thus satisfies the sovereignty appetites of some member states (Wessels and Bopp 2008). Drawing on this assumption, this paper explores the linkages between the issue of [post] national sovereignty and the prospects for effectiveness of the European Union Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) after the ToL. In this context, I argue that in understanding the sovereignty balance (or rather a tension) within the legal and political stricture of the EU, we can project plausible predictions on the future of its foreign policy. Biography Igor Jovanoski graduated with a degree in Political Science from the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Macedonia. He completed his MA studies in European and International Relations at the Institut Europeen des Hautes Etudes Internationales in Nice, France and was a Volkswagen PhD fellow in Transnational Relations and Political Theory at the Bremen International Graduate School of Social Science in Bremen, Germany. As a student of International Organization, his academic interest is grounded in sociological theories of international relations and foreign policy analysis. Within this framework, Igor explores three general issues: the emergence, historico-temporal development, and spatio-cultural conditionality of sovereignty and state. Secondly, he analyses the relationship between national and post-national political spaces resulting from the aforementioned processes and, lastly, national and post-national patterns of foreign policy behavior and their normative and factual contexts.



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Malinka Jordanova, PhD candidate Secretariat for European Affairs, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] Lisbon Treaty: Potential Normative Impact on the Stabilization and Association Process The Lisbon Treaty establishes a unified normative structure, codifying the values and goals of the European Union (EU), as well as the means for their promotion. In this context, although falling short of the ambitions of the Treaty on the Constitution from a normative viewpoint, the Lisbon Treaty introduced a more consolidated normative structure, including an institutional framework to project globally its normative power. EU normative principles have been particularly important in the EU’s Eastern enlargement and “exported” to the candidate countries through the conditionality policy, based on the Copenhagen criteria. When it comes to the Western Balkans, these criteria have been embedded in the stabilization and association process (SAP). However, the SAP entails a stronger and stricter conditionality framework, which has been the basis for tougher normative pressure by the EU on the Western Balkans countries. The influence has been particularly strong in terms of the political criteria, even including conditions beyond the scope of mirroring the EU’s own normative framework. This paper explores how and to what extent the EU “exports” its fundamental normative principles to the Western Balkans through the main mechanisms of the stabilization and association process (European/Accession partnerships, SAA’s, progress reports, etc). By way of discourse analysis, we examine the promoted norms within the SAP in light of the EU normative principles, as instituted in the Lisbon Treaty. Exploring the prevailing patterns of norm diffusion and norm acceptance by the candidate countries leads to a deeper understanding of the key challenges and issues of the integration process. Furthermore, we consider the potential of the EU normative structure, strengthened by the Lisbon Treaty, to promote policy change in a sustainable process of Europeanization of the Western Balkans. The normative approach provides additional insight into the challenges of the stabilization and association process in a situation of a still-questionable prospect for enlargement in terms of dynamics and end result. Keywords: EU, normative structure, Lisbon Treaty, conditionality, stabilization and association process, Western Balkans, norm diffusion, norm acceptance. Biography Malinka Ristevska Jordanova is a State Counselor at the Secretariat for European Affairs in the Government of the Republic of Macedonia. A graduate of the Faculty of Law, she attained an M.A. in European Studies from the Faculty of Philosophy, both at the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University - Skopje. She has guided and participated in the creation of national strategies for European Integration and been involved in the dialog with the European Union institutions, first as a co-chair of the Subcommittee on Justice and Home Affairs and later as a co-chair of the Stabilization and Association Committee under the SAA Agreement with the EU. She has published articles on the enlargement process, conditionality policy, and regional co-operation.



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Kemale Valiyela, PhD student National Academy of Sciences, Azerbaijan [email protected] Understanding the EU as a Global Political Actor: Potentials and Difficulties This paper explores the potentials and difficulties of today’s post-Lisbon EU as regards its political coherence and emergence as a new world actor. Features of the EU's political nature, its economic strategy, and its unique experience of regional integration define an originality of the international strategy of Brussels – the strategy of “soft power”. Uniting the 27 nation-states with almost 500 million citizens and having the third largest economic power, the EU may rightly be considered as a new political actor. However, even after the completion of the institutional reformation under the Lisbon Treaty, the absence of an effective common foreign and security policy continues to be one of the greatest difficulties, preventing the EU from becoming a global political actor. We substantiate this point with the following arguments. Firstly, the EU's foreign policy is not common, it is general. Secondly, the problem of decision-making mechanisms – as opposed to its common-market policy, foreign policy and security policy issues remain outside of European structures' authority. Thirdly, the problem of geopolitical disunity of Europe, which is actually divided into “old” and “new” Europe. The majority of the “new Europe” countries and the United Kingdom follow a pro-American geopolitical strategy. Fourthly, the relative weakness of the military-power potential of the EU and the dependence on NATO forces and resources. Biography Kemale Valiyela is a PhD student at the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (The Institute of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences) in International Relations and Foreign Policy. He holds a M.A. in World Political Trends and International Relations Theory, from The Academy of Public Administration under the President of Azerbaijan Republic and a M.A. in Public Administration from The Institute of Public Administration of Turkey and the Middle East. His B.A. is in Political Science from The Academy of Public Administration under the President of Azerbaijan Republic. Kemale Valiyela's publications include “Political Projection of Globalization to Europe”, Century of Globalization, Volume 2, 2009 (Moscow, Russia) and “Multilevel integration in the EU”, Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences, Volume 4 (17), 2007 (Baku, Azerbaijan).



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Alexandar Dastevski, M.A. University American College Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] EU Enlargement as a Precondition for European Stability The paper is written in chronological order. The introduction of the paper is a short history of the stability in Europe since the Second World War. The first chapter is about the background of the enlargements. The second one is about the current situation in the process of EU enlargement. The official position of the EU regarding enlargement is that countries should become part of the European Union according to technical, not political, reasons, as given in the Copenhagen criteria. Candidate states have to fulfill those criteria. Without fulfilling those criteria, candidate states cannot join the EU, which leads to unstable continent. That is why the next chapter is recommendations to the accessing countries, as taken from the EU Commission Report to the European Parliament and the council. The final chapter discusses the Lisbon Treaty, because it has become a very important agreement for all European countries. Many scientists have commented on this agreement after its ratification. This chronological order explains the title of the paper, which is to say that all European countries should be part of the EU, and that their stability is a precondition for European stability. Biography Alexandar Dastevski is currently working as an Educator in the UNDP program One Voter One Vote, through the NGO Institute for Democracy-Skopje. He has also been a Member of the State Election Commission of the Republic of Macedonia (2006), a General Manager (2004), an Assistant Director in the Customs Department of the Republic of Macedonia (2000-2003), a Counselor in the Customs Department of the Republic of Macedonia (1999-2000), among other roles. Presently, he is an MA student in International Relations and Diplomacy at UACS. He also holds a Bachelor's degree in Law and continues to develop his education through research, seminars, training, and language improvement.



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Jovan Despotovski, MBA student University American College Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] The Future of EU Enlargement This paper presents key aspects of the Lisbon Treaty and their impact on the future EU Enlargement. The institutional reform has a significant impact on the redistribution of powers between different EU institutions, as well as on the general political environment in Brussels. The paper elaborates past enlargements and their key features. Particular attention is given to the events and institutional re-balancing after the Maastricht Treaty (1992) that led to big-bang enlargement in 2004. The practical value of the paper comes from identifying the key actors in the decision-making process and their relative influence. The applied model of combined comparative, theoretical, and empirical analysis intends to provide, as clearly as possible, a relevant answer to the question: How do we influence future enlargement decisions with the (limited) resources at our disposal? Finally, the Lisbon Treaty introduces two new institutions with a direct impact on EU external relations (including relations with candidate and pre-candidate countries). It is important to understand how these institutions interact with those already in place (the Council, Parliament, and Commission) on issues related to enlargement, including assessment of their de-jure and future de-facto importance. Biography Jovan Despotovski did his graduate studies in Finance and Banking at University Ss. Cyril and Methodius – Economic Faculty in Skopje (1995-2001). He is currently enrolled in postgraduate studies in International Relations and Diplomacy at UACS. He is a member and co-founder of various professional and civil society organizations (MENSA Macedonia, Macedonian Association of Financial Analysts, Macedonian Youth Council, etc.). He has also been a weekly columnist for the Macedonian daily “Dnevnik” since 2005. He has an excellent command of English and German, as well as a basic knowledge of French. Jovan Despotovski has been professionally engaged in the Secretariat for European Affairs of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia since 2003. He has held various administrative and senior positions (associate, councilor, and head of department). He has also been engaged in a number of EU-funded Program/Project Steering Committees (member, chairman). He was the Head of the Government Working Group for Economic Criteria in the Process of Preparing Answers to the EC Questionnaire for EU Membership Application. He was the permanent secretary of the sub-committee for economic and financial matters between the Republic of Macedonia and the EC (2004/5).



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Ivana Tomovska, M.A. Center for Regional Policy Research and Cooperation (CRPRC) ‘Studiorum’, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] The Trans-Atlantic Link Revisited: Prospects of EU- US Cooperation The aim of this paper is to examine the prospects for cooperation between the European Union and the United States of America under the new leadership. Focus is placed on the transatlantic alliance-maintenance and how each partner contributes to this cause. Such alliance-maintenance will have to move beyond issues of military “burden-sharing” – important as those are – to examine whether or not trade and sociological issues need addressing as well. The end of the Cold War has not diminished the importance of consultation on political and security issues, including human security elements. A healthy transatlantic relationship remains essential to guarantee the security and prosperity of both Europe and the U.S. The theoretical framework will be taken from two groups of political science and international relations literature: theories of neoliberalism and literature on “historical materialism”, as discourses used in order to define globalization. Biography Ivana Tomovska holds a Master's degree in Politics, Security, and Integration, University College London, London, UK as a Chevening Scholar. She graduated from American University in Bulgaria in the field of Political Sciences. She completed the training program at the Peace Operations Training Institute (POTI) in Williamsburg, USA. Currently, she works as a Researcher at the Center for Regional Policy Research and Cooperation "Studiorum" in Macedonia, Department of Social Inclusion Through Decentralization. She has work experience in the IFC World Bank Group Project on Mediation in Macedonia, SIDA, and other international organizations. Her main fields of interest are human security, social inclusion, and human development.



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Academic Track II: Economy, Energy, Environment, Social Sciences Moderator: Dr. Ivan Dodovski Rapporteur: Dr. Miograda Stefanovska Opening remarks: Prof. Dr. Tome Nenovski and Mr. Aleksandar Krzhalovski (MCIC) Biography Dr. Nenovski is Vice Chancellor of University American College Skopje. He was Deputy Governor of the National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia from 1991 to 1997. He represented the Republic of Macedonia in many negotiations with international financial institutions. He has significant training in Monetary Policy and Banking Systems from Florida State University. Prof. Nenovski has published numerous books in the fields of Banking, Macroeconomics, and Public Finance, including: “Money Order and Banking”, “Pricing Corporate Bank Products and Services”, “Credit Policy”, and “The Structure of Public Finance in RM”. He has also published over 275 studies in international and local magazines. Prof. Nenovski has been awarded the traditional “M.H. Jasmin” and “Goce Delcev” state awards.

Mr. Aleksandar Krzhalovski graduated at the Electro-Technical Faculty in Skopje in 1993. During the studies he was actively involved in three civil society organizations. He started to work in the Macedonian Centre for International Cooperation (MCIC) in 1995. Since 2009 he is Executive Director of MCIC and is responsible for the programs for relations with communities and for the Balkans. He has extensive experience in coordination and management of different projects and programs (including identification, drafting, monitoring and evaluation) including the large humanitarian operations (1999-2001) and activities targeting sensitive groups (religious communities, former combatants). He is a member of the National Council for European Integrations within the Macedonian Parliament. Since 2000, he participates in consultancy missions for organizational and program evaluations in Macedonia and the Balkans. He is co-author of several publications.


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Dr. Alexander Gusev Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University, Russia [email protected] EU Energy Policy after the Ratification of the Lisbon Treaty This paper explores climate and energy policy issues in light of the Lisbon Treaty. The key for European integration has always been energy (coal and steel), and nowadays the European Union needs a competitive strategy and coherent energy policy. This paper considers the progress undertaken in the Lisbon Treaty, as well as the driving forces and global challenges for creating a common approach in the energy field. The Lisbon Treaty, including new EU competencies on energy policy, adds a new dynamic, as it establishes for the first time an energy chapter and streamlines decision-making. Additionally, special attention is given to the Lisbon Treaty as a legal basis for the energy-related documents (3rd liberalization package, European Economic Recovery Plan, EU climate and energy package) and to the question of the EU's energy security. This paper also analyses the EU-Russia energy dialog and the opportunities for further cooperation in the framework of the new Partnership and Cooperation Agreement. It also considers the influence of the Lisbon Treaty on Russian energy policy. Biography Alexander Gusev holds a PhD in Political Science from Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University “N. Dobrolybov” in Russia (Political Science, International Law, and Energy Policy); thesis “Political Aspects of Energy Relations between Russia and the European Union: Problems and Perspectives”. Currently he is a lecturer in World Economics and International Relations at Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University “N. Dobrolybov” in Russia (with special courses “European Dimension of the Russian Energy Policy” and “Russia in Global Affairs”). He is also the Head of the Analytical and Research Council of Young Scientists.



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Dr. Zoran Sapurik University American College Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] The Lisbon Treaty and the Environment The impact of the Lisbon Treaty on the further development of the policies and laws on the environment, sustainable development, and renewable energy will be huge. Consequences from trans-boundary pollution damage accelerate the necessity for common European measures for the protection and improvement of the environment and more efficient implementation of the concept of sustainable development as one of the core objectives of European common activities. The European Union, as a world leader in the environmental sphere, now with the Lisbon Treaty takes even greater responsibility for global environmental protection. According to the European Union Treaty, environmental policy must be integrated into the economic, social, energy, agriculture, transport, and other Community policies. After the Lisbon Treaty entered into force, the links between the sphere of the environment, that of the economy, and the spheres of other mentioned areas become much stronger. Since 1973, the EU's environmental policy has developed spectacularly. The Treaty of 1957 did not contain any provisions on the environment. Single European Acts of 1987 defined the protection of the environment. The Maastricht Treaty from 1993 defined the environment as one of the objectives of Union activity. That treaty was amended by the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997 and the Treaty of Nice in 2002. Those treaties continue the strengthening of the European Union's activities in the areas of environmental protection and sustainable development. The Lisbon Treaty expands the scope of common actions regarding the environment and a more coherent energy policy. Article 191 of the Lisbon Treaty defines the priority objectives of the Union's environmental policy: Preserving, protecting, and improving the quality of the environment; Protecting human health; Prudently and rationally utilizing natural resources; Promoting measures at the international level to deal with regional or worldwide environmental

problems, particularly climate change. Article 194 promotes a more harmonized energy policy in the context of the establishment and functioning of the internal market, and with regard for the need to preserve and improve the environment. The Union's internal energy market will produce solidarity within the Union and ensure the continued existence of an energy market. The aforementioned articles from the Lisbon Treaty are strong indicators that the links between the environment and energy use will be much stronger, and the European Union in the future will need new instruments for supporting energy efficiency and a greater production of renewable energy. Biography Dr. Sapurik is the former Minister of the Environment and Physical Planning in the Government of the Republic of Macedonia. Dr. Sapurik was a member of the Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia and President of the Commission of Political System and Relations Among the Ethnic Communities, as well as a member of the Commission on European Issues. He holds a PhD from the Institute of Legal, Political, and Sociological Research in Skopje.



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Dr. Jovan Pejkovski Ss Cyril and Methodius University Faculty of Philosophy, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] Potentials of the Post-Lisbon EU in Forming Efficient Responses to Financial and Economic Recessions The financial and economic recession of 2008 and 2009 still have an impact on the current economic situation in Europe. Transformed EU institutions have new positions and responsibilities, raising questions as to the potential capabilities of the EU institutions in responding to such crises. How could post-Lisbon EU use its power to coordinate the activities of the member states in addressing the financial, economic, and social consequences of the recessions? Investments in innovative sectors and businesses, including fostering the innovative potential of SMEs, are seen as measures for preventing economic recessions. The financial institutions, financial instruments, and public/private partnerships supported by the Community programs also have an important role in the EU and need better controls and policy coordination. It is essential to ensure that the overall condition of the economic framework provides adequate access to innovation financing and risk capital, in particular venture capital that results in economic growth and social development. Promotion of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs of all ages in growth sectors such as services is considered a part of the EU's future activities, and coordination within the EU and its member states as a strategy for efficient response to the recession. Biography Prof. Dr. Jovan Pejkovski works in the area of contemporary economic systems, economic development, and social development. He is a Professor of the Institute of Social Work and Social Policy at the Faculty of Philosophy, University in Skopje. Until 2009, he taught the courses ”The Economy of the European Union” and “Entrepreneurship” at the Faculty of Business Economy and Organizational Sciences, University American College Skopje.



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Dr. Nikica Mojsoska-Blazevski University American College-Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] Marjan Petreski, PhD candidate University American College-Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] Macedonian Export Performance and the Potential Gains from the EU Integration The objective of this paper is to assess Macedonian export performance as a function of the economic performances of its main trading partners in a panel context. We also let relative prices play a role in the evaluation. In general, the results suggest that Macedonian exports are highly dependent on foreign demand, particularly on EU demand. Relative prices are insignificant. FTAs are found to increase Macedonian exports by half, but no additional gains are approximated from the CEFTA agreement. This is along the lines of the conclusion that the EU's economy has a strong effect on Macedonia, and hence CEFTA countries, including Macedonia, are eager to trade with the EU in lieu of trading amongst themselves. In a separate section, the paper uses a qualitative approach to discuss the potential benefits for Macedonian trade from the new Lisbon Treaty and further EU integration in general. Biography Nikica Mojsoska Blazevski, PhD, has been Dean of the Faculty for Business Administration at the University American College Skopje (UACS) since September of 2009. She previously was the Head of the Macroeconomic Policy Department in the Ministry of Finance. She has published and presented several articles and reports in economic journals and at conferences, mainly in the areas of macroeconomics, the labor market, education, social systems, and policy. She has been working on several projects with UNDP, the European Commission, etc. She is a short-term World Bank external expert. Marjan Petreski works with the National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia. At UACS, he teaches in the area of Macroeconomics and Research Methodology. He is currently a PhD candidate at Staffordshire University in the UK, researching in the area of monetary strategies and non-linear switching models. He won the Young Scientist Award in 2009, conferred annually by the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts. His research interests include monetary policy, exchange-rate economics, time series, and dynamic panel econometrics.




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Dr. Miodraga Stefanovska University American College Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] The Lisbon Treaty and EU External Trade Policy The Treaty of Lisbon (ToL) is the EU's new legal framework. With its coming into force on December 1st, 2009, the way was paved towards a renewed EU institutional agenda and institutional and substantive changes in the status quo of external trade and investment policies. In this regard, two major questions are raised: (1) The extension of the common commercial policy to FDI raises the question of whether the Lisbon Treaty intends to give the EU the exclusive competence to negotiate and conclude investment agreements, which in turn may result in serious implications for the investment policies instruments of the EU Member States; (2) By bringing EU trade policy under the same EU external action heading as other elements of EU external policy, does ToL increase the tendency for the EU to seek to use trade policy as an instrument in the pursuit of other external policy objectives? This paper aims to shed light on the likely effects of the treaty on EU external trade and investment policy formulation. Together with trade in services and intellectual property rights, the Lisbon treaty is bringing FDI under the umbrella of Europe’s common commercial policy, making it the exclusive competence of the European Community. Under Lisbon, EU member states have decided to delegate their prerogative to negotiate BIT to the supranational level of EU governance, enabling the EP to gain considerable decision-making powers vis-à-vis the European Commission and the European Council. The practical implications of the Lisbon Treaty for Europe’s external-investment policies remain uncertain, in part because of questions of how the Treaty will be interpreted. Some of the discussion highlights its impact on the Western Balkans and the EU. Biography Miodraga Stefanovska graduated from the Institute of Social Work and Social Policy, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje. In 2008, she obtained her MBA degree with Honors at University American College Skopje, and holds a PhD in Social Sciences and Gender Issues. In 2009, she was one of the five people in the CEE to win the OSI/Staffordshire University Scholarship in Economics. She has 9 years' worth of experience working on health and social education with a special emphasis on AIDS prevention in the multicultural environment in Macedonia and internationally, particularly in the NGO sector. Recent/ongoing activities include lending support to the development and implementation of a successful proposal to GFATM for Macedonia and National Strategic Plan on HIV/AIDS (2007-2011), participation in a review of HIV/AIDS country analysis UN HIV/AIDS Team Group, UNICEF consultant on VCCT for young women and girls, etc. As a Focal Point in Macedonia for Global Youth Coalition on AIDS, she started the process of joint work and collaboration between the private business sector and the civic society on the health and social issues and has the responsibility for the coordination of in-country activities. She was the 2007 Regional Focal Point for South East Europe and Central Asia for the Global Youth Coalition on AIDS.



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Dr. Stojan Slaveski European University Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] European Union and the Republic of Macedonia: from External Engagement to Conflict Resolution to Contribution of the Multiethnic and Multicultural European Code of Conduct? Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a remarkable interest toward the internalization of minority rights issue in Europe. Many international organizations, including the European Union (EU), are now actively involved assessing state-minority rights. The most important and tangible decision taken by the EU was in December 1992, make minority rights one of the criteria that aspirant countries had to meet in order to become members of the EU. Since most of Central and Eastern European countries desired membership in the EU the most important goal of their foreign and security policy, any “recommendations’ regarding the minority rights was seriously addressed. As a consequence, minority rights became one of the important issues of the process of “joining Europe”. The rights that minorities have today were often given unwillingly and adopted under pressure from international organizations and with the promise of membership. Among ordinary people in Macedonia, the European Union remains widely associated with ideas of a better life and higher living standards. At the same time, the EU’s appeals for greater commitment to economic reforms, the rule of law, and equality regardless of ethnicity will only be credible if local actors are given a strong motivation to move ahead with socially painful and politically delicate changes. Hence, it is clear that the EU demands regarding democratization and human rights protection in Macedonia are very important, and in fact the EU membership is seen as the only incentive for reforms. Hence; under close international supervision, Macedonia’s ruling elites are obliged to devote most of their energy to minority rights and interethnic relations. Under these circumstances, EU integration appears to be one of the few projects on which members of the majority and the other communities agree. To various degrees, ethnic Macedonians and ethnic Albanians are persuaded that membership in the European Union is important for the future of the country. In a Europe without borders, Albanians will be closer to their fellows in other states, and ethnic Macedonians will establish close relations with Macedonians that live in the neighboring countries. In the long run, the European option will make less important the demands of ethnic collectivity. Hence, a question that follows is whether the Macedonian experience in conflict resolution could be the model that contributes to the multiethnic and multicultural European code of conduct? Key words: European integration, minority rights, multiethnic society, multicultural society Biography Dr. Stojan Slaveski teaches “Security System and the EU – history, institutions and relations” at the Fist Private University, the European University of the Republic of Macedonia in Skopje. Dr. Slaveski received his PhD in Defense and Peace Studies from the “Sent Kiril and Metodij” University in Skopje in 2001. He obtained a Master of Science degree from the University of Nis-Serbia in 1995 and attended the Staff College at Military Academy General Mihailo Apostolski - Skopje from 1997 to 1998. In 2007, he was elected as an assistant professor at the Military Academy in the area of Leadership and Management. Since October 1st, 2008 he has been working at the Faculty of Detectives and Criminology as an Assistant Professor in the subject Security Systems. Since 2009/2010 he has been teaching “EU – history, institutions and relations” at the Faculty for Political Science. Prior to becoming a member of the European University team, he was a Professor at the Military Academy in Skopje, a Director of the



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Directorate for Security of Classified Information (the National Security Authority of RM in the international context), and he served as a military officer in the Army of the Republic of Macedonia. Dr. Slaveski actively participated at many international events, such as seminars, workshops, conferences, and meetings. He completed numerous international courses regarding international relations and security, graduating from the Senior Executive Program at the George C. Marshall Center for Security Studies in Garmish-Partenkirchen and General/Flag Officers’ Program at the NATO Defense College in Rome, among others. His current research interests include security sector reforms, conflict resolution, information management, regional security, national security, and Euro-Atlantic integration. Dr. Slaveski has published more than seventy articles and five books, including: Security System, The National Security of the Republic of Macedonia and Euro-Atlantic Integrations, (co-author) European Union Through the Prism of European Security, (co-author) Interests of the Republic of Macedonia in NATO Membership, and (co-author) Interests of the Republic of Macedonia in Building European Security. His research has been published in many domestic and foreign journals. He is a Marshal Center Scholar and the President of the Marshall Center Alumni Association in Macedonia.


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Dr. Abdulla Azizi South Eastern European University Tetovo, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] EU Social Policy According to Lisbon Treaty The Lisbon Treaty is an attempt to overcome the impasse caused by the failure of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe. It aims to create an enhanced institutional architecture and to offer better opportunities for strengthened collective action. Among the various new provisions it contains, many do not challenge the essential inter-governmental nature of social policy decision making. Nevertheless, this paper concludes that it does introduce a number of important and necessary changes, requiring further discussion and elaboration after the Treaty enters into force. On December 1st, 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the EC Treaty (the “Treaty of Lisbon”) came into effect. This paper focuses on the provisions on the European Union’s Social Policy in the Lisbon Reform Treaty. Some significant changes relate to the reform of the EU social policy. The objective of this article is to understand the key social aspects of the Treaty. As will be discussed in this paper, social policy is listed in the Lisbon Treaty (Art. 4b) as a shared competence between the Union and the Member States. The Union has a duty to take measures to ensure coordination of the employment policies of the Member States, and it may take initiatives to ensure coordination of Member States' social policies. This Article also introduces specific references to social partners as such, social dialog and the Tripartite Social Summit, consultation and dialog between management and labor, and other issues on social policy. This paper will also explain the impact of the European Union on the fight against social gaps and look at the implications of the Lisbon Treaty on the European social models. This paper identifies the basic values of, and the challenges to, the European Social Model according to the Lisbon Treaty. Key words: Social Policy, Lisbon Treaty, European social model. Biography

Ass. Prof. Abdulla Azizi has worked in the Faculty of Public Administration and Political Science at SEEU - Tetovo since 2002 as a Lecturer in the field of International Law and Policy. He graduated from the Law Faculty in Skopje in 2001, and in 2005 he received his MA Degree in the field of International Law and Policy at the same; while in 2007 he successfully defended his PhD in the field of EU Law and Policies. From 2001 to 2002, he successfully completed a specialization in Ecole National d'Administration - ENA, in Paris. He has published a number of university textbooks and papers and has participated in scientific conferences in Macedonia and abroad.



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Dr. Marjan Bojadziev, [email protected] Dr. Nikica Mojsoska-Blazevski, [email protected] Dr. Miograda Stefanovska, [email protected] Venera Krliu, MBA, [email protected] Jasminka Janakievska, [email protected] Valon Saracini, [email protected] University American College Skopje, Republic of Macedonia The Workplace as a Motivator: a Comparative Study of Employees in Business and Public Administration in Macedonia and Neighboring Countries

One of the main differences between Europe and the United States has been the level of economic and cultural integration, the latter being characterized by a higher level of integration. The “social clause” contained in the Treaty of Lisbon underlines that social issues, strengthening common interests and respecting differences must be considered in order to produce economic and social development in the EU countries. Job satisfaction is important because of its effects on employees' performance and behavior, as well as on general health (Oshagbemi, 1999). Prior studies have shown that there is a close connection between job satisfaction and organizational outcomes (Meyer et al., 1989; Bitner, 1990; Tett et al., 1993; Locke&Latham, 1990) and personal outcomes like workplace turnover and life satisfaction (Judge et al. 2001; Dickter et al., 1996; Morrison, 1997). Recent studies in “comparable countries” (former socialist countries, that have applied for EU membership), state that hygienic factors are dominantly influencing job motivation (Kamdron, 2005). Recent papers suggest that although a good deal of empirical research have been conducted on the job satisfaction in various business settings (Nikolescu et al.,2009), very little empirical research has investigated cross-country differences in the level of job satisfaction and motivation. This paper identifies and examines factors, considerations and aspects from the jobs of white collar employees that contribute to their satisfaction and motivation at the working place in four countries in different stages of their EU membership - Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo (UNMIK), Bulgaria and Turkey. The exploration of the subjective concept of job satisfaction would be conducted by implementing the Job Diagnostic Survey developed by Hackman and Oldham (1974) among white collar workers in the for profit and non for profit sector. The results of the study are expected to contribute to the identification of organizational issues related to job satisfaction and motivation of workers in for profit and not for profit sector. Moreover, the availability of these results will facilitate future efforts by behavioral scientist to understand the disparities of effectiveness of job enrichment methods between countries at different stages of their EU integration and economic development. In addition, results from previous studies (Hackman and Oldham, 1974; Kamdron, 2005) will be used as control groups.

Key words: job satisfaction, motivation, job diagnostic survey. Biography Dr. Marjan Bojadziev is the Chancellor of UACS; as Provost and Vice Rector he manages day-to-day operations, drafting strategic plans, monitoring activities, and coordinating with the academic staff. He is also an academic member of the European Corporate Governance Institute in Brussels and an adjoined member of the American Marketing Network (within the American Bankers' Association). Dr. Bojadziev is a former CEO of some of the largest Macedonian banks, savings houses, and companies.








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Nikica Mojsoska Blazevski, PhD, has been Dean of the Faculty for Business Administration at the University American College Skopje (UACS) since September of 2009. She previously was the Head of the Macroeconomic Policy Department in the Ministry of Finance. She has published and presented several articles and reports in economic journals and at conferences, mainly in the areas of macroeconomics, the labor market, education, social systems, and policy. She has been working on several projects with UNDP, the European Commission, etc. She is a short-term World Bank external expert. Miodraga Stefanovska graduated from the Institute of Social Work and Social Policy, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje. In 2008, she obtained her MBA degree with Honors at University American College Skopje, and holds a PhD in Social Sciences and Gender Issues. In 2009, she was one of the five people in the CEE to win the OSI/Staffordshire University Scholarship in Economics. She has 9 years' worth of experience working on health and social education with a special emphasis on AIDS prevention in the multicultural environment in Macedonia and internationally, particularly in the NGO sector. Venera Krliu is currently the Deputy CEO, Vice President of Board of Directors, and Vice Dean for MBA studies for the University American College Skopje. As part as her professional development, she teaches courses for the undergraduate program, such as Principles of Management, Entrepreneurship, Business Planning, and Refugees and Migrants. She is a PhD candidate for the Business School Lausanne, and she has been awarded an MBA in General Management (UACS), a BA in International Relations - Certificate in Refugee Studies, a BA in Psychology - Certificate in Sociology (Webster University Geneva) and Young Managers Program - General Management (Bled School of Management). Jasminka Janakievska is Secretary General and junior assistant at Scholl for Business Administration at the University American College-Skopje (UACS). She graduated at the University St Cyril and Methodius (BA in Economy, Management), and she is graduate student at MBA program – General management at University American College Skopje preparing her Master thesis “Leadership Attributes as Contributors or Impediments to Outstanding Leadership: the Perception of Macedonian managers”. Janakievska worked as Chief of American Express Credit Card Department at Makedonska Banka AD Skopje. Since 2007 she work at University American College Skopje as Secretary General and she has been teaching at UACS since 2008, as junior assistant. She teaches Organizational Behavior at undergraduate level. During her career Janakievska has been a member of the Project for Implementation of the National Payment Card and a member of the Board of Directors of the National Payment Card AD Skopje as a representative from the Makedonska Banka AD Skopje. She has attended several seminars and workshops organized by Bankakdemie Germany and Phare reforms in the Banking sector (1999, 2000), Workshop and training on the Impementation of the Bologna process, organized by ECBE (2009), and lecturing "Challenges of the Marketing in the 21st century!" by Dr. Philip Kotler. Valon Saracini holds a BA degree in Business Administration with concentration in Marketing from the University American College Skopje (UACS). He is currently a graduate student in the MBA Program. His professional experience includes managing positions in the Norwegian Refugee Council and OSCE, prior to his employment in the University American College Skopje where he is currently a Chief Networking Officer. Mr. Saracini in his non-formal educational experience has been through a wide range of intensive training programs, including project cycle management programs, workshops on time management, planning and organization, as well as specialized workshops on refugees, gender, and minority issues and seminars on conflict resolution and human rights’ protection.


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Dr. Ilijana Petrovska University American College Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] Ljupka Naumovska Hypo Alpe-Adria-Leasing Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] Global Marketing Communication Strategies after the Lisbon Treaty This paper is looking for an answer as to whether or not global marketing communication strategies are applicable for the EU market after the Lisbon Treaty, keeping in mind that the most effective marketing communication appeal for a product may vary within different markets because of cultural, social, and economic differences. All these differences influence advertising strategies, and sales promotions also vary depending on the regulations of each EU country. The final part of this paper will present results from a qualitative survey conducted within the business community in Macedonia, active in the EU, too. The objective is to measure opinion about the Lisbon Treaty and its effects on marketing communication in the EU, respondents' experience and usage of different marketing communication techniques, and any effects from the Lisbon Treaty's acceptance they may have encountered. Key words: Lisbon Treaty, global marketing communication, local marketing communication, global, advertising, PR Biography Ilijana Petrovska is a PhD applicant and is writing her doctoral dissertation “Integrated marketing communications in banking industry”. At UACS she teaches several subjects in the field of Marketing: Principles of Marketing, Marketing Management, and Advertising and Promotion. She holds an MSc from Ekonomski Fakultet Skopje. Her professional experience includes more than ten years spent in marketing and advertising, with a focus on banking during the last eight years. Prior to joining UACS, she worked as a Marketing Manager in Stopanska Banka AD – Skopje, in Makedonska Banka, and also in the Advertising agency S Team Bates Saatchi & Saatchi. Ljupka Naumovska graduated in 2005 from the Marketing Department, Faculty of Economics, St. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje. After graduating, she worked in the Corporate Lending Division of Stopanska Banka. For the last two years, she has worked in sales and marketing in Hypo Alpe Adria Leasing Skopje, actively involved in sales, product development, marketing, and PR. She has attended a number of international and domestic seminars and workshops related to leasing and its development in the region. She is an MBA student at American College. Currently, her efforts are directed toward furthering the development of the leasing market in Macedonia by promoting its advantages and its variety of affordable leasing products.




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Dr. Kseanela Sotirofski University Àleksander Moisiu`, Durres, Albania [email protected] The Future European Universities: a Common Reshaping Thought The thesis of this article is that the Lisbon Treaty is one of the main factors that pushes the European Union's and EU candidate countries' universities to reconsider common reorganization in the years to come. Although Albania is not yet feeling the full force of the ensuing pressures, higher education here is likely to be affected very soon by globalization-related processes. Higher education all over Europe, including Albania, is no longer the unique part of the public sector that it used to be, either in explicit political declarations, in public perceptions, or in practical terms. Higher education is doubly affected by the local post-1989 transformations and by more profound and more long-lasting global transformations. So, the Lisbon Treaty is considered as one of the key forces that will push the Albanian and European Higher Education institutions to be the key factor of implementation of the treaty requirements directly to the students that are the future of European change. The main purpose of this study is to carry out the main issues related to the possible implementation fields of the Lisbon Treaty in Albanian Higher Education and to develop a model than can be used in Western Balkan universities and others. Higher education plays a central role in the social, cultural, and economic development of modern societies. In Albania today, the challenge is to redress past inequalities and to transform the higher education system to serve a new social order, to meet pressing national needs, and to respond to new realities and opportunities. A brief summary of the related literature and qualitative data collected from an in-depth interview with 45 university students of private and public universities will be analyzed. Among all traditional factors that determine the possible implementation fields of the Treaty, the author finds that the factors like the teaching of democratic and transparent feelings and thoughts, common efficiency of European universities, the promoting of European rights and values, freedom, solidarity, security, and the elevation of European universities as an actor on the global stage are all statistically important. The expected results are that all of the above factors affect the implementation of the Lisbon Treaty with regard to the transformation process of higher education in Albania and beyond. This paper also attempts to assess the likely evolution of Albanian and European higher education transformation and its future effects, based on the thought that the transformation process to a common European values has not yet been completed, and that transitional dynamics and other global factors will influence the further evolution of these dimensions. Key Words: Lisbon Treaty, transformation, higher education, globalization. Biography Dr. Kseanela Sotirofski is a Sociology Lecturer in the Public University Àleksander Moisiu`, Durres, Albania. She has been the Head of the Sociology-Philosophy Department of the Faculty of Education in this University for two years. For the past three years, she has also held the position of Dean of the Higher Education Professional School in the same university. She has teaching experience in several public universities in the country. She obtained her Master's and PhD degrees from `Gazi University`, Turkey on Èducation Management and Supervision`. Since 2002, she has been involved in EU research projects on Higher Education. She has also attended many international conferences and published academic papers, primarily on the development of higher education. She is also a regular member of the Albanian Institute of Sociology and a Regular Collective Member of the International Sociological Association.



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Suzana Panova Nikiforova, MSc University American College Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] Building the EU Identity: a Brand Management Approach One of the most popular topics among those actively promoting EU integration is the definition of the EU identity. Public relations officers from EU institutions are striving to reach out to its citizens and get their support. Politicians have also realized that the promotion of Europe outside its boundaries and inside among its citizens is a critical issue that needs special management. Communication that does not appropriately reach its target audience causes severe problems in the perceptions of the messages and results in a non-correspondent EU image. The Lisbon Treaty further strengthened the EU and provides a basis for a solid definition of its identity. This paper deals with the issue of identity in a special and heretofore almost unexplored way, i.e., the building of its identity by using the brand management approach. It presents a theoretical research of the existing branding techniques and models for building identity and provides an integrating analysis, culminating in the author's proposal of an urgent need to use these techniques for building the EU identity. The success of destination branding in the tourism industry shows that such an approach could lead to a successful branding of the EU, starting with identity building. Once having established the EU's identity and treating the EU as a unique brand entity, a valuable basis will be established for the preparation of targeted, successful, and well-accepted communication strategies of the EU institutions. These will help in the creation of a desirable image of the EU, one being a mirror of its rich and unique internal identity. Keywords: EU identity, branding, communication, institutions, image Biography Suzana Panova Nikiforova is a Lecturer of Brand Management in the University American College Skopje. She has a Master's degree in marketing, specialized in the area of branding. She has just enrolled in her PhD studies and is working on research in the field of institution branding. Outside of her academic work, Suzana is a businessperson, heavily involved in marketing and sales. Her deeper knowledge of the Balkan region, where she has actively worked for the past ten years, is the product of interactive consulting work for many clients and their brands in different fields, such as fashion, jewelery, print magazines, insurance, telecommunication, and FMCG.



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Marija Risteska, PhD candidate Center for Research and Policy Making, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] EU Conditionality after the Lisbon Treaty: Effects on Macedonia? The European Union is a major reform-driving factor for the countries of Southeast Europe. It sets standards and a paragon for development that the countries in the region seeking membership should aspire to. The EU approach in the Western Balkans has two dimensions: (i) the EU has affected the development path of these countries through its role as ‘an active player’ in the mediation and conflict-resolution needs of the region; (ii) the EU also acts as a ‘framework,’ providing the possibility of participation in decision-making for these countries and equipping them with models of governance and policy options. In this Europeanization process, conditionality encompasses a political/democratic and economic requirement and the adoption and implementation of the EU acquis. This paper assesses the impact of the Lisbon Treaty on how accession conditions form and mature for Macedonia and the rest of Western Balkan countries that seek EU accession. Key words: EU conditionality, Europeanization, Lisbon treaty. Biography Ms. Marija Risteska holds a PhD in Political Science from Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje and a Master of Arts in European Public Administration and Public Policy from Katholieke Universitait Leuven. Besides numerous policy studies on the European integration of Macedonia, public policy development, good governance, health, gender, and migration, Marija has co-edited the book ‘European Law for SMEs’. She has 10 years of consulting experience with the EU and all UN agencies. She managed a program in NDI and the education portfolio of the World Bank in Macedonia. She is the founder of the Center for Research and Policy Making.



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Svetlana Petrusevska University American College Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] Tatjana Petrusevska, MBA Ministry of Health, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] Health as a Fundamental Human Right in the EU: Implications of the Lisbon Treaty The core values of the EU, which are set out at the beginning of the Treaty of Lisbon, are human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law, and respect for human rights. They are common to all Member States, and any European country wishing to become a member of the Union must respect them. The EU is based on the four freedoms of movement—of persons, goods, services, and capital. Until some years ago, national fiscal, social, and health policies were largely exempt from EU integration. The health policy has changed over recent years. At first, health integration focused only on public health issues, beginning with health protection measures, such as blood safety, and initiatives such as the creation of the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Integration now includes a proposed directive on cross-border patient mobility, which could be a test case for a major future challenge: how to guide health systems globally, when not only the goods and labor markets, but also the health service market is becoming globalized. Health threats are increasing the national, regional, and global capacities to predict, detect, and respond to health contingencies and threats, with an emphasis on the most vulnerable populations. Access to medicines is an important issue due to the lack of insurance coverage and affordability. In Lisbon in 2007, EU member states signed a treaty which entered into force on December 1st, 2009. It opened a new era in the development of the EU and introduced many changes in its functioning. "The treaty of Lisbon puts citizens at the center of the European project [...] Now we have the right institutions to act and a period of stability." (J. M. Barroso) The Lisbon Treaty recognizes the rights, freedoms, and principles set out in the Charter of Fundamental Rights and makes the charter legally binding. Health is a fundamental human right, but it is also central to EU competitiveness. The EU spends 8% of GDP on health, yet loses over 100 billion EUR through lung disease, 135 billion to cardiovascular disease, and 3% of GDP and 500 million lost work days in work-related health problems and accidents. Each health Euro more wisely spent could make a net saving both for individual well-being and for EU economic competitiveness. Public health activities have had a strong focus on networking and developing models of best practices, with legislation focusing on specific areas of community competence, complemented by joint strategies and initiatives with other policy areas. Growing inequities in health, the changing demographic and social landscape in Europe, the current H1N1 pandemic, the economic crisis, climate change, and the non-communicable disease epidemic are only a few of today’s health challenges. These challenges in an increasingly globalized world demand new ways of advocating, managing, and responding to personal and public health issues at all levels. The European Union has a key role to play in addressing these challenges, both as a proactive leader and a partner in joint actions. There are needs for strengthening its ability to adapt effectively and efficiently to rapidly changing environments and to take full advantage of joint understanding, experience, and know-how. There is need for strategy and action toward improving of Europe’s health, to build a healthier, safer, and greener environment in the European Region. The EC and its Member States can create better health outcomes for EU citizens and others through sustained collective leadership in global health. The European Commission (EC) is the guardian of the EU treaties, but it also acts as an executive body with its own strategic and operative action. The EC is among the




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most advanced players in Europe regarding global health strategy, and its role in this area is likely to grow in the future. The EC can contribute to global health by sharing its values, experience, and expertise, as well as by taking concrete steps to improve health. In response to transnational health threats, the European Union, working jointly with the United States' President Obama’s administration as the two most-powerful international players on global health, started serious dialog on strengthening transatlantic collaboration on global health issues. This dialogue will require high-level commitment and engagement from both Europe and the United States in creating and maintaining a network of rapid-response capabilities, preparedness, and emergency resources to bring to bear on pandemics and bioterrorism. To establish sincere inter-institutional dialogue and tight-knit working relationships on health issues with the Council and the European Parliament, the focus of the efforts should be: • To provide the Community and EU Member States with factual, objective, reliable, and comparable

information on health issues at the pan-European level by improving the collecting, registering, and analysis of information on 'emerging trends', and to facilitate information exchange on best practices in the EU Member States.

• To educate and protect European youth. Issues that need to be addressed include drug abuse, tobacco, rising obesity, alcohol-related harm, and HIV/AIDS.

Key words: human rights, health, EU, Obama, H1N1 pandemic, Charter of Fundamental Rights challenges Biography Svetlana Petrusevska B.A. has 14 years of experience in the field of health, having worked for the World Health Organization, the Regional Office for Europe, and the Country Office MKD. Currently she is pursuing her Master's studies at University American College Skopje in International Relations and Diplomacy. She has a B.A. in Political Science and International Relations and Diplomacy from University American College Skopje. Tatjana Petrusevska Pham.Spec MBA has 13 years of experience in health-related areas, especially pharmaceuticals, having worked for the Ministry of Health since 1997. Currently, she is Head of Sector for Controlled Substances in the Pharmaceutical Agency, Ministry of Health. She finished pharmaceutical faculty at the University “St. Cyril and Methodius” Skopje; Specialization on Analytical Control of medicines at the University “St. Cyril and Methodius” Skopje; and MBA – Master in International Business Management and Marketing at the University American College Skopje. Her Master's thesis was ”Managing drug supply in the Republic of Macedonia”. Tatjana Petrusevska has worked in direct cooperation with the EU Community Agencies EMEA – European Medicinal Agency in London, and she is a national focal point for EMCDDA, Lisbon – European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Issues, as well as for UNODC – UN Office for Drugs Crime, Vienna (INCB – International Narcotics Control Board). As a National MKD Coordinator for the Control of Narcotics, she was part of the negotiation team of the Republic of Macedonia in the visa liberalization process and is currently involved with the EC in the process of the EU's evaluation of the Republic of Macedonia.

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